The work in this thesis was concerned with the safety evaluation of a fully powered mechanical patient lift for bariatric patients. A working prototype of this system, called RoboNurse, was designed and manufactured at iDAPT technology team at Toronto Rehabilitation Institute. There are currently no lifting technologies similar to RoboNurse in the healthcare industry. The methods that are used to evaluate the system included: 1) Series of mechanical tests to evaluate the static strength and stability of the design 2) Computer simulations to evaluate the dynamic stability of the system and 3) Failure mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) as risk analysis tools. These techniques helped to perform thorough and systematic evaluations on the system and its components. This study significantly assisted in understanding the problems associated with the current design prototype and provided the necessary resources and guidelines for the future generations of this technology.

This study examines the factors that influence how patients, families, and clinicians make decisions about risk-taking and safety in brain injury rehabilitation. Despite the importance of these decisions, particularly during transitions in care, there is scant literature to help guide these care partners in ethical and clinical decision-making related to risk-taking and safety. This study suggests that there are tensions between rehabilitation and patient safety efforts. Risk-taking lies at the core of brain injury rehabilitation; however, decisions about risk-taking are also influenced by conflicting values, system pressures, and patient abilities. A relational approach to autonomy that addresses patients’ decisional and functional abilities within their social contexts is more nuanced than a liberal individualist approach to autonomy, and provides a better framework for understanding decision-making. Relational autonomy may help clinicians make decisions that better balance risk-taking and safety, decisions that are committed to the principles of respecting autonomy and advancing safety.

This study examines the factors that influence how patients, families, and clinicians make decisions about risk-taking and safety in brain injury rehabilitation. Despite the importance of these decisions, particularly during transitions in care, there is scant literature to help guide these care partners in ethical and clinical decision-making related to risk-taking and safety. This study suggests that there are tensions between rehabilitation and patient safety efforts. Risk-taking lies at the core of brain injury rehabilitation; however, decisions about risk-taking are also influenced by conflicting values, system pressures, and patient abilities. A relational approach to autonomy that addresses patients’ decisional and functional abilities within their social contexts is more nuanced than a liberal individualist approach to autonomy, and provides a better framework for understanding decision-making. Relational autonomy may help clinicians make decisions that better balance risk-taking and safety, decisions that are committed to the principles of respecting autonomy and advancing safety.

The work in this thesis was concerned with the safety evaluation of a fully powered mechanical patient lift for bariatric patients. A working prototype of this system, called RoboNurse, was designed and manufactured at iDAPT technology team at Toronto Rehabilitation Institute. There are currently no lifting technologies similar to RoboNurse in the healthcare industry. The methods that are used to evaluate the system included: 1) Series of mechanical tests to evaluate the static strength and stability of the design 2) Computer simulations to evaluate the dynamic stability of the system and 3) Failure mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) as risk analysis tools. These techniques helped to perform thorough and systematic evaluations on the system and its components. This study significantly assisted in understanding the problems associated with the current design prototype and provided the necessary resources and guidelines for the future generations of this technology.

All these years, safety is the most important element of military and civil aviation transports and ¡§Zero Mishap¡¨ is the goal for military and civil aviation industries trying to achieve. However, Taiwan military and civil aviation safety was not satisfactory in the past decade: Taiwan¡¦s civil aviation mishap rate is 3 to 4 times of world average rate and more than 70% mishaps are caused by so-called ¡§Human Factors¡¨, especially by ¡§Pilot Errors¡¨. Fatal accidents always come with Human Errors; therefore, Human Errors Reviews are very important for promoting aviation safety. The Crew Resource Management (CRM) is the non-technical method to eliminate Human Errors and promote aviation safety used by world¡¦s aviation industries. And it has been proven to be the best way for eliminating Human Errors and promoting Aviation Safety. People pay much attention to the concept of CRM because its close link with aviation safety. In this research, the concept of CRM used in civil aviation industry was applied on naval aviation. The key factors influencing the CRM were discovered by the expert questionnaire and verbal evaluations, and then the CRM Checklist was formatted. The CRM Checklist can be used in aviation operations and will be helpful for Human Error Elimination and Aviation Safety Promotion. This research is able to sort Pilot¡¦s CRM risk aspects and factors determined by Verbal Evaluation Aggregation Function. And it proves that Pilot¡¦s CRM risk factors Model is feasible and extensible. The top risk factors in all aspects of CRM surveys, determined by Verbal Evaluation Aggregation Function, are Abnormal/ Emergency Procedure Proficiency (Situation Awareness Aspect), Communication in Emergency Situation (Communication Skills Aspect), Decisive Action Taking in Necessary Condition (Team Work Aspect), Mission Assigning in Contingency (Mission Assigning Aspect), and Safe Operation Containing (Decision Making Aspect).

No description available.

Ethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion is the copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene, which has been developed as a powerful adhesive base. It effectively bonds substrates such as wood, cotton cloth, hardboard and paperboard. After modifying by adhesives producers, EVA emulsion can bond a great variety of surfaces, particularly effective in bonding polyvinyl chloride films and narrow-pore materials. Adhesives producers provides customized products according to different end users¡¦ needs and consequently have to keep raw materials in stock until orders are placed. The ordering of EVA emulsion is an important issue for adhesives producers because of the seasonal demand pattern and price fluctuation of raw materials. Furthermore, under certain transporting and order restrictions, the ordering quantity is fixed and delivery time has to be made in advance. The multi-period inventory models, including EOQ and ROP, are not suitable for analyzing the ordering of EVA emulsion due to the presupposition of unlimited period. This research is based on the case study for NP chemical, using modified ROP model to explore how the selection of service level and delivery time can effect safety stock, probability of shortage, and inventory cost under the conditions of limited period, seasonal demand, given order quantity, and pre-selecting delivery points. The study also constructs a liquid raw material inventory model with fluctuating price and given order quantity in order to determine the optimal combination of delivery points. The conclusion of this study are presented as follows: 1.Service level doesn¡¦t directly effects the probability of shortage and inventory cost in limited period. 2.The combination of delivery points is the key decision factor because of its causal relationship with the probability of shortage and inventory cost. 3.The optimal combination which leads to the lowest inventory cost can be determined by using the inventory model introduced in this study.

Die Sicherheitsphilosophie bei der Entwicklung neuer Arzneimittel besteht in einer individuellen Prüfung der sicherheitsrelevanten Eigenschaften neuer Substanzen und ist durch das Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG) geregelt. Nach pharmakologischen und toxikologischen Tests der Substanzen in Tierversuchen wird ihre Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit in klinischen Studien an gesunden Probanden und Patienten geprüft. Die Anzahl an Studienteilnehmern ist bei Arzneimitteln so bemessen, dass akute Risiken mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit von 0,1 % erfasst werden; seltenere Risiken werden in den Studien vor Zulassung nicht erfasst. Bei Medizingeräten erfolgt eine Konformitätsprüfung in Bezug auf die Einhaltung von Leistungsgrenzen und Sicherheitsstandards nach den Bestimmungen der Medizingeräteverordnung. Hinreichende Langzeitdaten fehlen bei beiden Verfahren zu Beginn der Vermarktung, sodass parallel zur Anwendung Anwendungsrisiken erfasst und bewertet werden müssen. / The safety concepts applied in the development of new drugs are based on individual tests of each new chemical entity. The applicable law is codified in the German Medicines Act (AMG). Alongside animal experimentation (pharmacology and toxicology), efficacy and tolerability are evaluated in clinical trials conducted with healthy human volunteers and patients. The population exposure is calculated in such a way that acute effects with a probability of 0.1 % are displayed; rarer risks are usually not detected in clinical trials prior to the approval of new drugs. Medical devices are tested regarding their conformity with predefined safety standards and power intensities. Adequate long term data are still missing in both cases at the time of market launch. Consequently, it is necessary to report and assess risks during actual use.

In Analogie zu den Systemen für die KKW Saporoshje und Rovno wurden für die drei Blöcke des KKW Südukraine und für den ersten Block des KKW Chmelnitzky technische Systeme zur verbesserten betrieblichen Überwachung eingerichtet. Dazu werden der Aufsichtsbehörde vor Ort und im Krisenzentrum in Kiew einmal pro Minute für jeden Block bis zu 51 sicherheitsrelevante technologische und 16 radiologische Parameter zur Bewertung mittels moderner technischer Ausrüstungen online zur Verfügung gestellt. Die entwickelte Auswertesoftware gestattet die Darstellung der Bewertungsergebnisse in Form von Tabellen, Grafiken und Schemata. Außerdem ermöglicht ein Archivmodus Trendanalysen. Mit der Integration der für die geschützte Warte gelieferten Ausrüstungen in das am Standort des KKW Saporoshje betriebene Fernüberwachungssystem ist es nunmehr möglich, die wesentlichen sicherheitsrelevanten Parameter des gesamten Standortes auch bei außergewöhnlichen Ereignissen mit Hilfe moderner Technik zu erfassen und zu bewerten.

nicht vorhanden