Cette thèse porte sur les espaces d'urbanisation dispersée de la métropole parisienne, c'est-à-dire des espaces bâtis discontinus, de taille petite et moyenne, insérés dans un tissu urbain lâche. Partant de l'offre commerciale, des pratiques associées et d'un ensemble de mobilités, cette thèse analyse ces espaces dans une approche relationnelle pour saisir les mécanismes qui sous-tendent les dynamiques des espaces d'urbanisation dispersée. L'approche s'inscrit dans le sillage des travaux récents qui opèrent un changement de focale en considérant ces espaces pour leurs caractéristiques propres et non par rapport aux espaces dominants des métropoles. L'enjeu est de proposer une vision critique sur la manière dont ils s'organisent au-delà des considérations et des représentations portées par les politiques et les aménageurs sur la dépendance et le déclin de ces espaces. La thèse développe une méthodologie mixte qui combine des approches quantitatives et la réalisation d'entretiens et de cartes mentales permettant de saisir les représentations des habitants dans quatre terrains. Le croisement des structures de peuplement et de la morphologie des espaces bâtis ont permis de mettre en évidence quatre formes contrastées de dispersion allant de la petite ville à l'habitat diffus. Le choix des terrains d'étude situés à moins de deux heures de Paris reflète cette diversité. Les espaces d'urbanisation dispersée ont été étudiés finement tout d'abord à partir de la structure commerciale et a montré une évolution contrastée du nombre de points de vente au regard de leurs fonctions au cours des quinze dernières années et une concentration des commerces dans les bourgs et les petites villes. Dans un deuxième temps, l'approche relationnelle a interpellé les liens qu'entretiennent ces espace: avec leur environnement et notamment avec Paris. Par cette analyse, elle met en avant la capacité de ces espaces à se structurer, à participer à des systèmes urbains et à s'inscrire dans des échanges réciproques et non univoques avec de grands pôles urbains. / This thesis deals with the scattered urbanization areas of the Paris metropolis. Combining the commercial offer, diversity of practice and mobilities, this thesis analyzes these areas in a relational approach to understand the mechanisms underlying their dynamics. We will approach the subject through the prism of recent works, using a new method that considers these areas for their own characteristics and not in relation to the dominant metropolis areas. The issue is to suggest a critical vision on the way they organize, beyond the traditional considerations and representations carried by politics and planners on the dependency and decline of these areas. Using a mixed methodology (quantitative approach, interview, and "mental maps"), we will try to understand the inhabitants' representations in 4 research areas. Four different types of dispersion from the small town to the scattered housing are highlighted, by crossing population patterns and built area morphology. The research fields are located within a two-hour drive from Paris and reflect this diversity. The scattered urbanization areas were finely studied starting with their commercial structure. We thus noticed a contrasted evolution in the number of stores and a concentration of shops in towns over the last 15 years. ln a second stage, the interpersonal approach focused on the links between these areas and their environment, particularly with Paris. Through this analysis, it highlights the capacity of these areas to be structured, to participate in urban systems and to be part of mutual exchanges with large regional hubs.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nadya Massaretto.pdf: 1843830 bytes, checksum: d35339d48412123e711595cc08a134ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-24 / The focus is to analyze the formation process of the house condominiums in the city of Itatiba, in S?o Paulo state, which is explained by the metropolitanization phenomenon. This dynamic produces a spatial organization, territorially scattered of the low density urban tissue, which results in, among other consequences, the increase of the urbanization costs, a fragmented city, loss of cultural identity, related to the use of the city, etc. In this perspective has been observed, from the mid 1970 s, the proliferation of the house condominiums construction, as cause and effect of the contemporary urbanization, identified by the paulista metropolitanization. The factors that can explain this dynamic are related, at least, to: 1) land s value, relatively low if compared to other locations in similar context and near Itatiba; 2) advertising and marketing strategies which produce a urban violence scene, non-existent in cities in the mentioned proportions, and relating living in house condominiums to the idea of security; 3) proximity to great metropolitan centers, which generate commercial, industrial and especially services economic flow; 4) the offer of one of the most modern road systems of the country; and, 5) a scene that is predominantly rural and connected to the expectation of a healthy way of life. The analyzed case also reveals, in great manner, evidences of the support that the city s legislation guarantee to the approval and legalization of this sort of state enterprise. / O foco ? an?lise do processo de forma??o dos condom?nios residenciais fechados no munic?pio de Itatiba, estado de S?o Paulo, explicado por meio do fen?meno da metropoliza??o. Essa din?mica produz uma organiza??o espacial do tecido urbano de baixa densidade e territorialmente dispersa, que resulta, entre outras consequ?ncias, o aumento dos custos de urbaniza??o, uma cidade fragmentada, perda da identidade cultural relacionadas aos h?bitos de uso da cidade, etc. Nesta perspectiva ? que se observou, a partir de meados dos anos 1970, a prolifera??o da constru??o de condom?nios residenciais fechados, como causa e efeito do processo de urbaniza??o contempor?nea, identificado pela metropoliza??o paulista. Os fatores que podem explicar essa din?mica est?o relacionados, pelo menos, ao seguinte: 1) valor da terra, relativamente baixo se comparado a outras localidades em contextos semelhantes e pr?ximos a Itatiba; 2) estrat?gias de propaganda e markenting que produzem um quadro de viol?ncia urbana inexistente na cidade nas propor??es anunciadas e relacionando a moradia em condom?nios fechados a id?ia de seguran?a; 3) proximidade a grandes centros metropolitanos geradores de fluxos econ?micos comerciais, industriais e, especialmente, de servi?os; 4) oferta de um dos mais modernos sistemas vi?rios do pa?s; e, 5) paisagem predominantemente rural atrelada ?s expectativas de um modo de vida saud?vel. O caso analisado tamb?m revela de maneira exemplar evid?ncias do respaldo que a legisla??o municipal garante ? aprova??o e legaliza??o dessa forma de empreendimento imobili?rio.