Since the development of SoC is very fast, how to reduce the power consumption of SoC and improve the performance of SoC has become a very important issue. The power consumption of a system depends upon the hardware and software of a system. To overcome the issue of power consumption, the hardware circuit provides multi-voltage method to reduce task power consumption. On the other hand, the software tool decides the exact voltage for each task to minimize the total power consumption and finds a pipelined schedule of the periodic tasks to enhance the total throughput. In this thesis, a Tabu search is used to solve the voltage mapping and resource mapping problems of multi-voltage systems. This goal of this Tabu search is to find the solution with minimal power consumption for the multi-voltage system under the time constraints and resource constraints at the same time in the multi-voltage system to. Under the throughput constraints we use Tabu search to find solutions including the task¡¦s execution voltage and resource mapping, and then use list pipelined scheduling to schedule task and data communication and check their correctness. This method can reduce total power consumption. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can decide the resources mapping and pipeline in seconds, and it can reduce the power consumption efficiently.

This project sought to determine the utility in using either, or both, of two instruments to diagnose autism, the CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) and the ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule), Modules 1 or 2. Children (n=320) who were seen in the autism diagnostic clinics at the Developmental Disabilities Center of the Kansas University Medical Center, who were under the age of 72 months (6 years), and who had been evaluated with both instruments were chosen as participants in this study. Those children who received the diagnosis of autism after being evaluated numbered 220; 100 received another or no diagnosis. Three levels of data analysis were conducted in this study. The first level included developing item-item correlation matrices for each instrument that was then compared to those in the original, normed study for internal consistency. Results indicated good internal consistency. At the second level, a factor analysis was conducted on each instrument that resulted in weighted factor scores and a correlation matrix of factors for each instrument. Factor analyses resulted in three factors identified for the CARS, two factors for ADOS, Module 1, and three factors for ADOS, Module 2. These factors are consistent with the criteria currently used for the diagnosis of autism. The third level of analysis utilized chi square and stepwise discriminant analysis to predict group membership (autism or no autism) with each instrument. From these results, it was concluded that both instruments are similar in their ability to diagnose autism, although they may be measuring somewhat different factors. Closer examination revealed that communication difficulty is the factor that most closely distinguished autism for this group of children. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. / "July 2005."

The documentation of complete and timely as-built information related to construction projects is essential for tracking progress, planning corrective action, and analyzing the schedule. The collection of site information, however, is currently a challenging, time-consuming, and error-prone manual process. To improve the tracking of as-built information, this research focused on the development of a low-cost voice-visual framework that utilizes commonly available communication tools such as email and interactive voice response (IVR). The goal of this research was to create project-wide bidirectional communication between site personnel and head office to automate the tracking of daily site information. The research involved an in-depth analysis of the possible site events and progress-tracking needs related to construction activities. Accordingly, activity-specific email forms and logical-flow diagrams were developed as a means of facilitating site data collection. A framework was then developed that integrates several components: the developed tracking forms; a cloud-based IVR service; a customized scheduling application; and an email application. During construction, the automated system identifies eligible activities to be tracked; collects as-built details from the relevant supervisors; and uses the daily time segments of the schedule as an integrated depository for all as-built details, including progress information, events by all parties, and requests for information (RFIs), quality/safety issues, and other video/audio/drawing-markup notes. The developed system generates detailed as-built schedule that clearly show the evolution of all as-built events and their accurate timing on the daily segments for each activity. The project schedule is thus converted from a static report into information-rich, visualization media, and decision-support tool that provides decision makers with timely progress details so that they can easily follow the project progress , facilitates schedule updates, facilitates accurate schedule forensics, delay analysis, , and the planning of appropriate corrective action. The developed framework was validated though a number of case studies that demonstrated its usefulness and practicality. This research contributes to construction efficiency through the facilitation of bidirectional communication between site personnel and head office and the provision of timely and legible as-built data for decision-making. Ultimately, the research will assist construction firms to have better control over construction projects and more effective decisions during construction through improved communication.

This report evaluate the maintenance policies that been applied within specific industrial company, Taken into considerations all corrective and preventive maintenance costs ,in addition to optimise best preventive maintenance schedule for minimum cost. Dynamate Intralog AB was the surveyed company that been encountered high maintenance cost compatible with less productivity, therefore obtaining maintenance schedule policy for minimum cost was the best solution for their problem, then by calculating their corrective and preventive maintenance cost the optimum time was acquired. Finally, the maintenance schedule approve that organized maintenance based on optimum time enhance the productivity and minimize the company maintenance cost.

Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och analysera busschaufförers upplevelser av delaktighet i arbetet. Följande frågor har ställts: Hur kommunicerar arbetsgivare och anställda med varandra? Hur upplever busschaufförer sitt arbetsschema och sina arbetstider? Kan busschaufförer vara delaktiga i utformningen av sitt arbetsschema och sina arbetstider? För att besvara dessa frågor har vi genomfört åtta individuella intervjuer med busschaufförer i ett internationellt bussföretag. Resultatet visar att busschaufförernas delaktighet i arbetet är bristfällig. Anledningen till detta tror vi kan förklaras utifrån tre huvudsakliga faktorer. Den första faktorn är att arbetsgivaren måste anpassa sin verksamhet efter en trafikhuvudman. Den andra faktorn är att busschaufförerna inte har startat en fackklubb på arbetsplatsen. Den tredje faktorn är att det inte finns en tydlig formell kontext som ger anställda möjlighet att komma till tals. / The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze bus drivers’ experiences of participation at work. The following questions arose: How to communicate employers and employees with each other? How do bus drivers perceive their work schedule and their hours of work? Can bus drivers be involved in shaping their work schedule and their hours of work? To answer these questions, we conducted eight individual interviews with bus drivers in an international bus company. The results show that bus drivers’ participation in the work is flawed. The reason that we believe might be explained by three main factors. The first factor is that the employer has to adapt its activities after a transport authority. The second factor is that bus drivers have not started a local compartment club at the workplace. The third factor is that there is not a clear formal context in which employees have the opportunity to express themselves.

Most studies of gustatory coding have been performed in either anesthetized or awake, passively stimulated rats. In this dissertation the influences of behavioral state on gustatory processing in awake rats are described. In the first set of experiments, the effects of non-contingent tastant delivery on the chemical tuning of single neurons were explored. Tastants were delivered non-contingently through intra-oral cannulas to restrained, non water-deprived rats while single unit responses were recorded from the gustatory cortex (GC). As the subjects' behavior progressed from acceptance to rejection of the tastants, the chemical tuning of the neurons changed as well. This suggests that the subjects' behavioral state powerfully influences gustatory processing. In the second set of experiments, rats were trained to lick for fluid reinforcement on an FR5 schedule while single unit activity was recorded from GC. In this case, the chemical tuning was much more stable. Under this paradigm, chemosensory responses were rapid (~ 150 ms) and broadly tuned. In the third study, it was found that ensembles of GC neurons could discriminate between tastants and their concentrations on a single trial basis, and such discrimination was accomplished with a combination of rate and temporal coding. Ensembles of GC neurons also anticipated the identity of the upcoming stimulus when the tastant delivery was predictable. Finally, it was found that ensembles of GC neurons could discriminate between the bitter stimuli nicotine and quinine. Nicotine is both a bitter tastant and a trigeminal stimulant, and when the acetylcholine receptors in the lingual epithelium were blocked with mecamylamine, the ensembles failed to discriminate nicotine from quinine.

This study deals with chocolate production line scheduling. The particular production line allows producing multiple items at the same time. Another distinguishing property affecting the planning methodology is that an item can have different production capacities when produced in different product combinations which are called production patterns in this study. Planning is done on a 12 weeks rolling horizon. There are 21 products and 103 production patterns covering all the production possibilities. The subject of the study is to construct an algorithm that gives 12 weeks&rsquo / production values of each product and to construct the shift based scheduling of the first week of the planning horizon. The first part is Master Production Scheduling (MPS) and the objective is minimizing the shortage and overage costs. A mathematical modeling approach is used to solve the MPS problem. The second part is the scheduling part which aims to arrange the production patterns obtained from the MPS module within the shifts for the first week of the planning horizon considering the setup times. The MPS module is a large integer programming model. The challenge is finding a reasonable lower bound whenever possible. If it is not possible, finding a reasonable upper bound and seeking solutions better than that is the main approach. The scheduling part, after solving MPS, becomes a TSP and the setup times are sequence independent. In this part, the challenge is solving TSP with an appropriate objective function.

The aim of this thesis is to propose a decision support tool for contractors before the bidding stage to quantify the probability of schedule delay in construction projects by using fuzzy logic incorporated with relative importance index (RII) method. Eighty three (83) different schedule delay factors were identified through detailed literature review and interview with experts from a leading Turkish construction company, then categorized into nine (9) groups and visualized by utilizing Ishikawa (Fish Bone) Diagrams. The relative importances of schedule delay factors were quantified by relative importance index (RII) method and the ranking of the factors and groups were demonstrated according to their importance level on schedule delay. A schedule delay assessment model was proposed by using Fuzzy Theory in order to determine a realistic time contingency by taking into account of delay factors characterized in construction projects. The assessment model was developed by using Fuzzy Logic Toolbox of the MATLAB Program Software. Proposed methodology was tested in a real case study and probability of schedule delay was evaluated by the assessment model after the required inputs were inserted to software. According to the case study results, the most contributing factors and groups (that need attention) to the probability of schedule delays were discussed. The assessment model results were found to be conceivably acceptable and adequate for the purpose of this thesis.

Inadequate or weak preparatory work before starting construction of any structure may cause serious problems during the construction period. For example, projects without sufficient detailed drawings or construction schedules and a disorganized building site can create many problems in the management and completion of the construction works. Consequently, the cost of construction increases digressively, the construction duration of the project extends and the quality of construction is affected adversely. This study dwells on the importance of construction schedules in achieving the aim of producing good quality construction work within the specified duration. Monitoring continuously the interactive relation concerning delays in construction schedules and contractor demands is a complicated process. Here the simplest and basic approach is that, both for owner and contractor, time is money and for this reason construction schedule delays should be analyzed and corrective measures should be taken in a timely manner. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of construction schedule delays and the methods of schedule delay analyses. In this context completion construction works of a covered swimming pool building in Ankara was selected as a case study for analyzing project scheduling and the delays therein. The &ldquo / Time Impact Analysis Method&rdquo / (TIA) was applied to the case study project using PRIMAVERA&reg / software in order to determine the construction schedule delays / to measure the impacts of these delays on the project completion duration / and to allocate responsibility amongst the project participants for preventing delay claims. After the application of the delay analysis it was observed that the delays in the critical activities extended the project duration by 57 days in total i.e. by 15.4 % of the estimated construction period. Fines should have been paid by the contractor because of 31-days non-excusable delays. Also, the contractor should have been given a time extension of 26-days due to 22-days excusable compensable delays and 4-days excusable non-compensable delays which were beyond the control of the contractor. These delays were caused due to organizational deficiencies of the owner, the bureaucracy of the provincial municipality, the lack of detail drawings during the municipality application, the lack of experience of the contractor, problems in material procurement, unforeseeable weather conditions and shortages of qualified employees of the subcontractors. It was observed that of these all except one correspond to the important causes of delays as reported in literature concerning public projects in Turkey.

The aim of the study is to investigate early childhood teachers&rsquo / perceptions and self-reported practices towards instructional arrangement for classroom management. In the light of literature review components of instructional arrangement were evaluated and the most common elements used by researchers were selected to be investigated within this study. Materials, daily schedules, and curriculum planning are the three components that are included in the study. More specifically, the present study aimed to examine perceptions and self-reported practices of early childhood teachers on how to select materials, design daily schedule, and plan curriculum / and to investigate their perceptions on those three components for classroom management. Early childhood teachers participated in the study were involved in an interview which was developed and conducted by the researcher. There were twenty questions in the interview including three sections. The aim of the first part was to get demographic information from participants. Questions in the second part were designed to see the perceptions and self-reported practices of participants on classroom management. The third part was designed to see perceptions and self-reported practices of teachers towards materials, scheduling, and planning for classroom management. 17 early childhood teachers from different schools participated in the study working with children between the ages of three to six. 16 female and one male early childhood teachers invited to be participated in the study. Five of the teachers were working in public schools and 12 of the teachers were working in private schools. The findings of the study indicated that early childhood teachers believe on the importance of materials, daily schedules, and curriculum planning on classroom management. They consider classroom management while selecting materials, designing daily schedules, and preparing curriculum plans. Their criteria for materials, daily schedule, and curriculum planning indicate differences based on their educational backgrounds and experience levels. As opportunities of public and private schools have differences, applications indicate differences, too. Teachers stated the influence of families and school administrations on their classroom management applications.