The waves of military innovation have changed the principle and concept of traditional military warfare. The command of the space, succeeding the power of the land in the early days, the Sea superiority in the 18th century, the command of land in the 19th century, the Air superiority and the Information dominance in the 20th century has become a totally new concept of military command. The space warfare, for the purpose of controlling the space, finally comes on the stage. Under the influence of the competitors between the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. in the field of military prowess, China started its development of space technology in 1956. After 50 years passed, Chain has become a nation of potential space warfare. Its prowess in space warfare is found on its advanced and firmly established space science and technology. Following the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. China has build up its space army which aims at seizing the dominion of the future space warfare. Evidently, every great nation, for the purposes of gaining supreme authority in the warfare in this century, has fully engaged in building up its prowess in the command of the space. This essay aims at study China¡¦s development in space warfare which is founded on the concept of the scramble for the command of the space. Such studies help to understand China¡¦s recognition of space warfare, its development of space army, its research and development in space science and technology, its present structure and equipment for space warfare and its ambitions and directions in the future space warfare . The study of this essay, which are based on several perspectives, will help to provide a referential background for the observation of the future development of space warfare of China.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. / Title from title page (viewed July 25, 2002). Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-42).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Science and Technology, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-177).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Science and Technology, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-191).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Science and Technology, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 94-100.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Science and Technology, 1986. / Includes diagram of a drying apparatus, p. 14. Bibliography: leaves 102-103.

This thesis is designed to improve our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of media forms, with a special historical focus on the recent processes of Web and mobile convergence and the early development of the cross-platform Web. It aims to investigate the dynamics that have underpinned the creation, evolution and conventionalisation of new media forms in the open mobile Web following the launch of 3G mobile networks. In theoretical terms the thesis explores the possibilities for the analytical integration of evolutionary approaches that traditionally have shed light on the discrete components of the evolutionary ‘ensemble’ that comprises media’s textual forms, their technologies and organisational systems. Among the theoretical pillars the study builds on is, first, the cultural semiotic approach (Lotman) that is utilised for interpreting the textual dynamics constituting the form evolution. Second, evolutionary economics (Schumpeter, Freeman and others) is included for interpreting the market dynamics that condition the formation of the media industries. Third, systems theoretical sociology (Luhmann) is deployed in order to understand the broader dynamics of social organisation in late modernism. The integration of these approaches provides the conceptual framework that focuses on the following phenomena: dialogic interchange among industry sub-systems as enabling innovations and the emergence of new sub-systems; the self-organisation of the sub-systems in the contingent environment; the role of memory and systemic ‘path-dependencies’ in guiding the processes of self-organisation; and the nature of the power relations that shape the dialogic processes. The empirical study focuses on textual as well as organisational developments. The semiotic analysis of mobile websites reveals the intertextual relations of the new forms with other media domains, especially the desktop Web. The interviews with representatives of industry stakeholders provide insights into the dialogic practices between the parties engaged in designing the mobile Web, and how, via these practices, the new platform, its media forms and institutional structures were shaped. The findings point to the historical formation of two main industry sub-systems – ‘infrastructure enablers’ and content providers – with different preferred alternatives for the design of the cross-platform Web. The thesis demonstrates how the formation of these groups was conditioned by their systemic path-dependencies, but also by the mesh of dialogic relationships among them and by the resulting changes in the discursive constellations framing the organisation of the industry and the norms for its media forms. The study points to the first signs of the historically momentous emancipation of the mobile Webmedia forms, their shaking free of path-dependency on the desktop Web.

No description available.

The effects of microbial growth, packaging film permeability, and freezing on the discoloration of beef was assessed by measuring myoglobin derivatives and specifically the rate of formation of metmyoglobin on the surface of Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus bovine muscles during 12 days of storage at 2°C. Frozen thawed sterile beef samples experienced higher metmyoglobin formation than fresh sterile beef samples. By day 2, up to 20% metmyoglobin was formed in the thawed samples whereas, the fresh samples reached this value after day 6. After 6 days, the growth of Pseudomonas florescence had a significant effect on myoglobin oxidation and this behavior continued for the remaining period of the storage. Gas barrier film and gas permeable film exhibited similar results at day 0 and day 3 of storage, however at day 6 of storage, samples packaged with the gas barrier film showed metmyoglobin percentage significantly higher that those packaged with gas permeable film. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)