本研究應用科學計量學方法分析1999年至2008年間，《Science》與《Nature》 期刊文獻之特性，研究樣本取自WOS資料庫，分別計有26,512與27,581篇書目資 料。對內容書目紀錄進行文獻量、年代、出版國別、出版機構、主題類型與關鍵 字、作者數及通訊作者等要項分析。期望本研究結果能提供欲投稿《Science》 與《Nature》研究學者參考，並精準掌握《Science》與《Nature》之發展方向。 / 本研究結果歸納如下：(1)《Science》與《Nature》文獻呈穩定成長，1999 年後其累積成長曲線符合線性成長。(2) 英文為《Science》與《Nature》文獻最 主要之寫作語文。(3) 《Science》與《Nature》主題類型近十年第一名皆為生物 化學與分子生物學，未來研究趨勢可能朝向動物學、環境科學與生態與微生物 學。(4) 《Science》與《Nature》關鍵字第一名皆為表達(Expression)，蛋白質、 進化論、基因與活化作用則在二至五名。(5) 《Science》與《Nature》之參考文 獻數，評述論文平均為62篇及82篇、研究型文章皆為26篇；被引用次數中， 《Science》與《Nature》評述論文平均數分別為212及270次、研究型文章平均為 114及112次。(6) 《Science》與《Nature》研究型文章主要以兩位以上作者為主， 分別佔97%、92%；新聞報導單一作者皆佔了97%，顯示不同性質文獻其合作事 實不同。(7) 《Science》與《Nature》作者機構國別以美國為主，日本為亞洲第 一；台灣則分別排名第31及32名。(8) 大學校院為主導科學學術傳播之重要機 構，哈佛大學、史丹佛大學、柏克萊大學等均名列前茅；台灣地區最具生產力之 研究機構為中央研究院，其次為台灣大學、清華大學、中央大學等。(9) 《Science》 與《Nature》文獻通訊作者主要以第一作者為主，通訊作者與作者排名呈依次減 少之現象。 / 本研究最後依據研究發現之結果，提出以下建議：(1)欲投稿《Science》與 《Nature》期刊之研究人員，應具備英語能力。(2)應改善國內研究環境，提升研 究水準。(3)資料庫製作之精確性有待提升。(4)定期對《Science》與《Nature》 文獻進行分析(5)未來可針對台灣地區之相關文獻進行進一步分析探討。 / This study applies Scientometric Analysis to investigate the characteristics of the journal literature in “Science” and “Nature” during the period 1999-2008. The 26,512 and 27,581 bibliographic records separately retrieved from WOS database are analyzed according to the numbers of literature, publication year, publication country, publishing agencies, subject area and key word, authors, and the reprint author, etc. This study attempts to be the resource for researchers who want to submit papers to “Science" and “Nature” to refer to, and accurately master the development of “Science" and “Nature.” / The results are as follwing: (1) The growth of literature in “Science” and “Nature” is stable, and the cumulated growth curve during 1999-2008 fits linear growth. (2) Most literature in “Science” and “Nature” is written in English. (3) Among this decade, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology are the major subject areas in both “Science” and “Nature.” In the future, Zoology, Environmental Science & Ecology, and Microbiology may become the research trend. (4) The most used one of keywords in “Science” and “Nature” is “Expression.” “Protein,” “evolution,” and “gene activation” are ranked within second and fifth. (5) Regarding the numbers of references in “Science" and “Nature,” averagely there are 62 and 82 references individually in review articles, and 26 in research articles. About the numbers of citedness, review articles in “Science” and “Nature" are averagely cited 212 and 270 times individually, and research articles in each journal are cited 114 and 112 times averagely. (6) The research articles in “Science” and “Nature” are mainly completed by two or more authors, 97% and 92% respectively. However, 97% of news reports are written by single author. It indicates that the cooperation situation is different in literature with distinct nature. (7) Both in “Science" and “Nature,” the country of author's affiliation is chiefly America, and Japan occupies number one in Asia. The rank of Taiwan is 31 in “Science” and 32 in “Nature.” (8) University predominates the scholarly communication of science, such as Harvard University, Stanford University, University of California, Berkeley, etc., all among the best. In Taiwan, the most productive institution is Academia Sinica, and followed by National Taiwan University, National Tsing Hua University, and National Central University. (9) The reprint author is mostly the first author, and the relationship between reprint author and the order of authors is corresponding. / According to the research findings, there are five suggestions: (1) To submit papers to “Science” and “Nature,” researchers should have English proficiency. (2) Improve the research environment in Taiwan to enhance research performance. (3) Upgrade the exactness of the production of databases. (4) Analyze the literature in III “Science” and “Nature” regularly. (5) Further examine and explore the relative literature in Taiwan in the future.

A presente tese postula que a aplicação da Arquitetura da Informação em revistas eletrônicas pode auxiliar a promoção da colaboração entre os membros da comunidade científica. Por isso, o resultado de sua aplicação também deve ser objeto da avaliação, assim como os outros aspectos comumente avaliados pelos instrumentos tradicionais. A fim de demonstrar isso empiricamente, e com base no estado da arte sobre o tema, foi criado um instrumento de avaliação de revistas científicas que engloba, além dos sistemas de organização, busca, rotulação e navegação, também o sistema de interação das revistas, com foco na colaboração. Esse instrumento permitiu inspecionar a presença da Arquitetura da Informação e a promoção da colaboração em três revistas científicas de importância mundial: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. Verificou-se que as revistas apresentam as seguintes ações: planejamento de Arquitetura da Informação; inserção de recursos colaborativos; presença na mídia social; descrição de métricas a partir de divulgação na mídia social; integração da comunicação científica formal e informal. A análise identificou os pontos fortes e as possibilidades de aperfeiçoamento em cada uma das revistas, mas ainda mais importante, permitiu testar um instrumento composto de indicadores que podem se constituir em metas a serem alcançadas pelas revistas científicas em geral, que tenham como objetivo aprimorar a sua relação com as comunidades científicas. Esta pesquisa também sugeriu que as revistas incorporem elementos tecnológicos oriundos das redes sociais, cujos sistemas já foram testados e contam hoje com uma ampla gama de usuários. Por fim, constatou-se o movimento na direção da ampliação da comunicação científica por meio das revistas científicas, incluindo uma nova etapa histórica de colaboração na ciência em rede. / The present thesis postulates that the application of Information Architecture in electronic journals can help to promote collaboration between members of the scientific community. Therefore, the result of their application must also be the object of evaluation, as well as other aspects generally evaluated by traditional instruments. In order to demonstrate this empirically, based on state of the art on the subject, it has created an assessment tool of scientific journals which includes, in addition to organizing systems, search, labeling and navigation, also the journal interaction system, focusing on collaboration. This instrument allowed to inspect the presence of Information Architecture and the promotion of collaboration in three science journals of global importance: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. It was found that the journals presents the following actions: planning of Architecture Information; integration of collaborative resources; social media presence; metrics description from social media dissemination; integration of formal and informal science communication. The analysis identified strengths and possibilities for improvement in each of the journals but more importantly, has tested a compound indicators instrument that may constitute targets to be achieved by scientific journals in general, which aim to improve its relationship with the scientific communities. This research also suggests that journals incorporate technological elements coming from social networks, whose systems have been tested and nowadays have a wide range of users. Finally, it was notice the movement toward the expansion of scientific communication through science journals, including a new historical stage of collaboration in network science.

A presente tese postula que a aplicação da Arquitetura da Informação em revistas eletrônicas pode auxiliar a promoção da colaboração entre os membros da comunidade científica. Por isso, o resultado de sua aplicação também deve ser objeto da avaliação, assim como os outros aspectos comumente avaliados pelos instrumentos tradicionais. A fim de demonstrar isso empiricamente, e com base no estado da arte sobre o tema, foi criado um instrumento de avaliação de revistas científicas que engloba, além dos sistemas de organização, busca, rotulação e navegação, também o sistema de interação das revistas, com foco na colaboração. Esse instrumento permitiu inspecionar a presença da Arquitetura da Informação e a promoção da colaboração em três revistas científicas de importância mundial: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. Verificou-se que as revistas apresentam as seguintes ações: planejamento de Arquitetura da Informação; inserção de recursos colaborativos; presença na mídia social; descrição de métricas a partir de divulgação na mídia social; integração da comunicação científica formal e informal. A análise identificou os pontos fortes e as possibilidades de aperfeiçoamento em cada uma das revistas, mas ainda mais importante, permitiu testar um instrumento composto de indicadores que podem se constituir em metas a serem alcançadas pelas revistas científicas em geral, que tenham como objetivo aprimorar a sua relação com as comunidades científicas. Esta pesquisa também sugeriu que as revistas incorporem elementos tecnológicos oriundos das redes sociais, cujos sistemas já foram testados e contam hoje com uma ampla gama de usuários. Por fim, constatou-se o movimento na direção da ampliação da comunicação científica por meio das revistas científicas, incluindo uma nova etapa histórica de colaboração na ciência em rede. / The present thesis postulates that the application of Information Architecture in electronic journals can help to promote collaboration between members of the scientific community. Therefore, the result of their application must also be the object of evaluation, as well as other aspects generally evaluated by traditional instruments. In order to demonstrate this empirically, based on state of the art on the subject, it has created an assessment tool of scientific journals which includes, in addition to organizing systems, search, labeling and navigation, also the journal interaction system, focusing on collaboration. This instrument allowed to inspect the presence of Information Architecture and the promotion of collaboration in three science journals of global importance: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. It was found that the journals presents the following actions: planning of Architecture Information; integration of collaborative resources; social media presence; metrics description from social media dissemination; integration of formal and informal science communication. The analysis identified strengths and possibilities for improvement in each of the journals but more importantly, has tested a compound indicators instrument that may constitute targets to be achieved by scientific journals in general, which aim to improve its relationship with the scientific communities. This research also suggests that journals incorporate technological elements coming from social networks, whose systems have been tested and nowadays have a wide range of users. Finally, it was notice the movement toward the expansion of scientific communication through science journals, including a new historical stage of collaboration in network science.

A presente tese postula que a aplicação da Arquitetura da Informação em revistas eletrônicas pode auxiliar a promoção da colaboração entre os membros da comunidade científica. Por isso, o resultado de sua aplicação também deve ser objeto da avaliação, assim como os outros aspectos comumente avaliados pelos instrumentos tradicionais. A fim de demonstrar isso empiricamente, e com base no estado da arte sobre o tema, foi criado um instrumento de avaliação de revistas científicas que engloba, além dos sistemas de organização, busca, rotulação e navegação, também o sistema de interação das revistas, com foco na colaboração. Esse instrumento permitiu inspecionar a presença da Arquitetura da Informação e a promoção da colaboração em três revistas científicas de importância mundial: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. Verificou-se que as revistas apresentam as seguintes ações: planejamento de Arquitetura da Informação; inserção de recursos colaborativos; presença na mídia social; descrição de métricas a partir de divulgação na mídia social; integração da comunicação científica formal e informal. A análise identificou os pontos fortes e as possibilidades de aperfeiçoamento em cada uma das revistas, mas ainda mais importante, permitiu testar um instrumento composto de indicadores que podem se constituir em metas a serem alcançadas pelas revistas científicas em geral, que tenham como objetivo aprimorar a sua relação com as comunidades científicas. Esta pesquisa também sugeriu que as revistas incorporem elementos tecnológicos oriundos das redes sociais, cujos sistemas já foram testados e contam hoje com uma ampla gama de usuários. Por fim, constatou-se o movimento na direção da ampliação da comunicação científica por meio das revistas científicas, incluindo uma nova etapa histórica de colaboração na ciência em rede. / The present thesis postulates that the application of Information Architecture in electronic journals can help to promote collaboration between members of the scientific community. Therefore, the result of their application must also be the object of evaluation, as well as other aspects generally evaluated by traditional instruments. In order to demonstrate this empirically, based on state of the art on the subject, it has created an assessment tool of scientific journals which includes, in addition to organizing systems, search, labeling and navigation, also the journal interaction system, focusing on collaboration. This instrument allowed to inspect the presence of Information Architecture and the promotion of collaboration in three science journals of global importance: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. It was found that the journals presents the following actions: planning of Architecture Information; integration of collaborative resources; social media presence; metrics description from social media dissemination; integration of formal and informal science communication. The analysis identified strengths and possibilities for improvement in each of the journals but more importantly, has tested a compound indicators instrument that may constitute targets to be achieved by scientific journals in general, which aim to improve its relationship with the scientific communities. This research also suggests that journals incorporate technological elements coming from social networks, whose systems have been tested and nowadays have a wide range of users. Finally, it was notice the movement toward the expansion of scientific communication through science journals, including a new historical stage of collaboration in network science.

В магистерской диссертации рассматривается эволюция концепции журнала «Вокруг света», старейшего научно-популярного журнала России и Советского Союза. Исследование строится на анализе конкретных выпусков журнала практически каждого года выпуска, начиная с 1981 года и заканчивая 2020 годом. В качестве параметров анализа и дальнейшего сопоставления данных каждого года выступает, в первую очередь, читательский адрес издания – адресованность определенному кругу читателей, а также тираж, показывающий охват читательской аудитории. Во-вторых, анализируется визуально-полиграфическое исполнение «Вокруг Света»: оформление обложки, наличие и качество иллюстраций, расположение текста и т. д. В третьих, это структурно-содержательное наполнение выпуска: анализ рубрик, формы обратной связи и пр. На основании анализа уточняется издательская история «Вокруг Света» (общепринятые исторические этапы делятся на подэтапы). В заключение делается вывод о характере эволюции: отмечается взаимовлияние изменений в концепции и социально-исторических условий, влияние читательского адреса на другие компоненты концепции, изменение рубрикационной системы, наличие или отсутствие в определенный период приложений к журналу, а также сохранение традиционных элементов, таких, как заглавие, публикация художественных приключенческих и фантастических произведений, ориентация на лучшие отечественные и зарубежные периодические издания. / The master's thesis examines the evolution of the concept of the magazine "Around the World", the oldest popular science magazine in Russia and the Soviet Union. The research is based on the analysis of specific issues of the magazine almost every year, beginning in 1981 and ending in 2020 as parameters To the analysis and further comparisons of data each year stands in the first place the reader's address of the publication is targeting a particular audience, and circulation, showing the readership coverage. Secondly, analyses the visual and printing performance of "Around the world": the cover design, the availability and quality of illustrations, text layout, etc. third, it is structural-the content of the issue: analysis of rubrics, feedback forms etc. Based on the analysis, the publishing history of "Around the World" is clarified (generally accepted historical stages are divided into sub-stages). In conclusion, the conclusion about the nature of evolution: it is noted that influence changes in the concept and socio-historical conditions, the influence of readers ' addresses to other components of the concept, change lubrication system, the presence or absence in a certain period of applications to the magazine, as well as the preservation of traditional elements, such as title, publication, artistic adventure and fiction, focus on the best domestic and foreign periodicals.