Abstract The aim with this study is to deepen the knowledge about what leaders in the Scouts think about their methods for learning and understanding the delicacy of nature and social life, helplessness versus initiative, and if they think that learning outdoors affects sustainable thinking and living in any way. I think the topic of my aim is important when it is about kids and a sustainable future, furthermore, there has not been specially much research done in this topic, especially not in  the Scouts. I decided to do a qualitative study where I use thematic analysis to analysis the findings. The first thought the Scout leaders seems to have, is that what they do need to be sustainable if it shall work as they want. The findings also show that the Scout leaders use special tools in their work with the kids, some of their tools are, learning by doing, situational leadership, and discussions, they use the tools on a ground of good values with nature as workspace, clasroom, and Livingroom. I am happily surprised that the findings show that the Scout leaders in a remarkable way care for the children to grow from the inside and out in a sustainable way. I can see in the findings that the Scout leaders are sure that children first need to have a certain level of sustainable feelings about themselves before they can connect with nature which is a must before they can start caring about it. This thesis shows the core of what the Scout leaders think of their work, and hopefully it can help the Scout leaders, but also others to handle the young in a more sustainable way, that helps the young to a more sustainable life.When I do not find any earlier research about this study´s specific topic my wish is that this study will add knowledge to the area of research, about how to increase the sustainable life for the young so they in turn have a chance to make society more sustainable.

Osteoporosis affects half of all women over the age of fifty, but can be prevented through proper nutrition and exercise early in life. Few studies have been conducted that document positive gains in knowledge about osteoporosis prevention in young girls and no research has been completed in which osteoporosis education is delivered by peers in children. A 3-A-Day™ of dairy peer education program was developed by local Girl Scouts with the purpose of teaching other Girl Scouts about the importance of calcium intake and weight-bearing activities in the prevention of osteoporosis, overweight, and hypertension. Peer educators had significant increases in their overall knowledge of dairy (p<0.001) and self-efficacy related to 3-A-Day™ (p<0.05) after teaching peer education programs. Program participants had significant improvements in knowledge of calcium-rich foods (p<0.001) and weight-bearing activities (p<0.001). Participants were able to identify the recommended number of dairy servings per day (p<0.01). Although parents indicated that their daughters' knowledge increased after participation in the peer education program, parents' ratings of knowledge were not significantly related with daughters' ratings. Qualitative evaluation indicated that these Girl Scouts enjoyed serving as peer educators. This research supports the importance of osteoporosis education in young girls and demonstrates positive outcomes of peer education for both educators and program participants. / Master of Science

<div>The purpose of this research was to develop and validate an instrument designed to assess programming of youth development organizations. The instrument can be used by leaders of youth development organizations to monitor the organization’s performance in developing productive and engaged citizens. This research viewed youth development organizations as a microsystem that youth interact with (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006). A complete review of the literature on youth development organizations was conducted to determine the components of positive youth development organizations. The resulting conceptual framework consisted of project, skills and knowledge, community contribution, high-density experiences, environment, non-parental adult, and near-peer role models.</div><div><br></div><div>An item pool was developed based on the literature available on youth development organization programming. This item pool was reviewed by experts in youth development organization programming and inclusion. Then the items were entered into two tools to assess grammar and concise language. Third, the items were administered to a small sample then analyzed for correlations and contributions to reliability. Items were eliminated if they correlated too highly with other items and if they did not contribute to the reliability of the scale. Fourth, the items were administered to a broader sample and correlations and reliability measures were analyzed again with more items removed. Finally, the items were administered to another sample and analyzed for multicollinearity and reliability. The final sample took the survey a second time and responses were compared based on paired t-tests to establish test-retest reliability.<br></div><div><br></div><div>The 15-item instrument exhibits appropriate measures of validity and reliability to recommend its usage by youth development organization leaders to evaluation programming. The instrument is parsimonious so leaders can add program-specific questions while avoiding participant fatigue. A complete version of the instrument is available in the appendices.</div>

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The purpose of this thesis is to answer the question of how effective are current theater engagement / security cooperation plans at supporting US national interests. The examination of effectiveness focused on two theaters as case studies during the years 1998 through September 2001. This examination divided effectiveness down into two parts. The first part was consistency. Consistency was investigated by a comparison of the national priorities to completed engagement activities. The second part of effectiveness attempted to measure gains produced through the executed engagement missions. Following the case study analysis, key principles for effectiveness are identified and a modified engagement planning process proposed. The key elements of the modified process are integrated interagency planning, objective based engagement activities, and synchronization of all the elements of statecraft. This framework is tested by applying the modified TEP process to a sub-region of Africa. The significance for this test is not only to demonstrate the capability of the proposed TEP process. This test demonstrates the potential for effective engagement to assist in prosecuting the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). In conclusion, this thesis provides an understanding of what engagement is today, and what engagement should be in the future. / Major, United States Army

La présente thèse situe un groupe de francophones en position minoritaire et suit son ascension et son affirmation sociale et culturelle dans une arène dominée par une identité anglo-saxonne. Nous avançons que les scouts qui faisaient partie de la 41e Notre-Dame, sous le contrôle de la Boy Scouts Association of Canada depuis sa fondation en 1918, ont d'abord été pris en main par le clergé ottavien. C'est après la fondation de la Fédération des scouts de la province de Québec par le Cardinal Villeneuve que les troupes ottaviennes sont devenues, tout comme toutes les troupes scoutes du Canada français, sujettes au noyautage de l'Ordre de Jacques Cartier (OJC). Le lien intime qui s'est développé entre les membres de l'OJC et les scouts d'Ottawa est un exemple concret de « groulxisme appliqué », thème utilisé par l'historien Michel Bock.

La présente thèse situe un groupe de francophones en position minoritaire et suit son ascension et son affirmation sociale et culturelle dans une arène dominée par une identité anglo-saxonne. Nous avançons que les scouts qui faisaient partie de la 41e Notre-Dame, sous le contrôle de la Boy Scouts Association of Canada depuis sa fondation en 1918, ont d'abord été pris en main par le clergé ottavien. C'est après la fondation de la Fédération des scouts de la province de Québec par le Cardinal Villeneuve que les troupes ottaviennes sont devenues, tout comme toutes les troupes scoutes du Canada français, sujettes au noyautage de l'Ordre de Jacques Cartier (OJC). Le lien intime qui s'est développé entre les membres de l'OJC et les scouts d'Ottawa est un exemple concret de « groulxisme appliqué », thème utilisé par l'historien Michel Bock.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 347-361).

The author conducted a case study for analysis of the Boy Scouts of America's (BSA) "Youth Protection" campaign, a social action campaign, developed to increase awareness and educate members on how to prevent, identify, and deal with child sexual abuse (Scoutmaster Handbook, 1990; "Unacceptables Relevancy Program," 1985).The author looked for evidence of Bandura's social cognitive theory in the campaign by identifying the following elements of the theory: observational learning, modeling, enactive learning, and symbols, in campaign artifacts (Bandura, 1977).The author sought to suggest the use of Bandura's social cognitive theory in the formative research of social action campaigns and to help public relations planners in nonprofit organizations in understanding how social action campaign messages incorporating Bandura's social cognitive theory could be presented and transmitted.Procedures began with an examination of BSA organizational and "Youth Protection" campaign artifacts, supplemented by an interview with Lawrence Potts, Administrative Group Director of the BSA, who was responsible for the development of the campaign, followed by an analysis of the campaign for evidence of Bandura's social cognitive theory.The author followed Miles and Huberman's (1994) guidelines for addressing reliability and validity.The following elements of Bandura's social cognitive theory: observational learning, modeling, enactive learning, and symbols were evident in the campaign. Observational learning, modeling, and imaginal symbols were seen in two of the videos. Enactive learning was identified in a booklet. Verbal symbols were seen in various campaign artifacts. No single artifact was identified as containing all of the elements of the theory. Campaign artifacts targeted to youth contained the most elements. Symbols were identified in all artifacts targeted to youth but only the videos showed observational learning and modeling.The author's recommendations for improving the campaign would be to use observational learning, modeling, and enactive learning for encouraging the desired behaviors and skills of the volunteer leaders and parents, in a similar way these elements were part of the artifacts targeted to youth.Campaign artifacts targeted to volunteer leaders and parents provided a great deal of information about child sexual abuse, but often the information was only stated or printed, rather than coded into verbal or imaginal symbols and demonstrated through observational learning, modeling, or enactive learning. The author would also recommend verbal and imaginal symbols be used to help volunteer leaders and parents remember information about child sexual abuse.The boys serving as models in two of the videos only appeared in these artifacts. The author would further recommend these models be used in all campaign artifacts targeted to youth.Limitations of the study included the legitimacy of qualitative research, that the study may not be considered a case study in the strictest sense, and that BSA campaign planners did not intentionally incorporate elements of Bandura's social cognitive theory in their "Youth Protection" campaign, although elements of the theory were identified in campaign artifacts.Further research on the BSA's "Youth Protection" campaign should be to evaluate its effectiveness. / Department of Journalism

La présente thèse situe un groupe de francophones en position minoritaire et suit son ascension et son affirmation sociale et culturelle dans une arène dominée par une identité anglo-saxonne. Nous avançons que les scouts qui faisaient partie de la 41e Notre-Dame, sous le contrôle de la Boy Scouts Association of Canada depuis sa fondation en 1918, ont d'abord été pris en main par le clergé ottavien. C'est après la fondation de la Fédération des scouts de la province de Québec par le Cardinal Villeneuve que les troupes ottaviennes sont devenues, tout comme toutes les troupes scoutes du Canada français, sujettes au noyautage de l'Ordre de Jacques Cartier (OJC). Le lien intime qui s'est développé entre les membres de l'OJC et les scouts d'Ottawa est un exemple concret de « groulxisme appliqué », thème utilisé par l'historien Michel Bock.

Thesis (M.S.)--B.Y.U. Department of Sociology and Anthropology. / Electronic thesis. Also available in print ed.