This diploma thesis focuses on electrochemical sensors to detect radiation in the blue region of the visible spectrum. As a semiconducting material for the manufacture of the sensor, a suspension of tungsten trioxide was found. The individual elements of the sensor were applied by pad printing techniques or screen printing. Using linear voltammetry and chronoamperometry, the magnitude of the generated current was measured and radiometric calibration was performed. The properties of the layers were characterized by profilometry, optical and electron microscopy.

This work deals with the problem of the thick-film pastes and their printing. In the main chapter of this work, the realization of a workplace for thick-film pastes' printing is described. The construction of the realized plotter and the controlling electronics of the plotter is depicted in detail.In the following chapter, the console, through which the plotter is controlled via PC, and the CAD program, which serves for projecting of the motives printed, are described.In the final chapter of this work, the measured profiles of the paste printed for various settings of printing parameters and the photographs of the motives printed are stated.

This thesis describes optimization and modification of standard thick-film electrochemical sensor to be able to be used for detection in microvolumes. In the theoretical part, the thick film technology is described. The work is then focused on the wettability of surfaces followed by introduction to electrochemistry and electro-analytical methods. In the experimental part, screen-printing of various types of thick film pastes on ceramic substrates for determination of their wettability and the following modification of the sensors with thick-film paste and with Parylene vaporization can be found, as well as the basic electrochemical measurements in microvolume using the modified sensor. Finally the results are summarized in conclusion.

Diploma thesis is focused on manufacturing process of waveguide filter. Thesis is divided to 8 chapters. There is summarized theory of possible execution of waveguide filter, used materials, their influence and risks during production. Then are described possible steps of realization and necessary relations for its design, simulation and also practical realization. At conclusion are summarized, compared and described reached results.

Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit liegt auf der Entwicklung von Technologien und Prozessen, welche die Marktakzeptanz organischer Leuchtdioden (OLED) durch Steigerung der Effizienz und Leuchtdichtehomogenität erhöhen. Dazu werden die Fertigungskosten durch neuartige Herstellungsverfahren reduziert und die Realisierung von effizienten, großflächigen (> 300×300 mm2) und homogen leuchtenden OLED-Modulen in beliebiger Modulform ermöglicht. Um dies zu erreichen, wurden folgende drei Ansätze verfolgt: 1. Die Optimierung der Strukturierung dünner Schichten bei Substraten für die organische Elektronik unter Verwendung der Technologien Siebdruck und Laserablation. Es werden neuartige Druckpasten auf ihre Eigenschaften hin untersucht und deren Eignung für die Substratstrukturierung bei OLEDs mittels Testmodulen elektro-optisch charakterisiert. Weiterhin steht die Verringerung der parasitären Leckströme durch einen optimierten Laserablationsprozess zur Grundelektrodenstrukturierung und einer Variation der Dicke der Löchertransportschicht im Fokus. 2. Die Realisierung einer schattenmasken- und photolithografiefreien seriellen elektrischen Verschaltung von mehreren kleinen OLED-Segmenten zu einem großen Gesamtmodul. Dazu werden ein Verfahren für die Erzeugung einer elektrischen Verbindung zwischen Top- und Grundelektrode sowie zwei hochinnovative Verfahren zur Separation einer vollflächig abgeschiedenen Topelektrode entwickelt und auf ihre Eignung hin validiert. 3. Die Verbesserung der Lichtauskopplung aus OLED-Modulen mittels einer modulinternen Streuschicht. Es werden fünf unterschiedliche Streupartikelarten und zwei Matrixmaterialien untersucht und deren Auswirkungen auf die Lichtauskopplung anhand von OLED-Testmodulen charakterisiert. Die entwickelten Verfahren und Prozessen basieren auf den Technologien Siebdruck und Laserablation, sind explizit für die Fertigung flexibler Module auf Basis von Trägermaterialien wie Dünnglas oder Polymerfolien sowie einem Rolle-zu-Rolle-Herstellungsverfahren geeignet und können direkt in eine großserientechnische Herstellung von OLED-Modulen überführt werden. / The focus of this work is upon the development of technologies and processes to increase the efficiency and brightness homogeneity of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in order to improve their market acceptance. Additionally, manufacturing costs will be reduced by adopting the new processes and it will be shown that the production of efficient, large-area (up to 300 × 300 mm2) and uniformly bright OLED modules of an arbitrary shape is possible. To achieve this, three approaches were followed: 1. The optimization of the structuring of thin layers on substrates for organic electronics using screen printing and laser ablation. To achieve this, the properties of novel printing pastes were determined, and their suitability for structuring substrates was assessed using results from the electro-optical characterization of test modules. Furthermore, the parasitic leakage current was minimized by optimizing the laser ablation process used for the structuring of the bottom electrode, together with the thickness of the hole transport layer. 2. The electrical connection in series of several small OLED segments to make a larger module without the need for shadow masks or photolithographic processes was studied. This included the development of a technique to connect the top and bottom electrodes, as well as two highly innovative methods to produce a completely separated top electrode using structuring by laser ablation. The suitability of these methods for OLED production was confirmed. 3. A scattering layer within the modules was developed to improve the light outcoupling. Five types of scattering particle in two different matrix materials were examined, and the effects of the resulting scattering layer on the outcoupling from an OLED test module were characterized. The newly developed processes make use of screen printing and laser ablation and are thus well suited to the production of flexible OLED modules using support materials such as thin glass or polymer foils with roll-to-roll processing. Accordingly, such technologies could readily be transferred to the large volume production of OLED modules.

This work deals with the problem of the thick-film pastes and their printing. In the main chapter of this work, the realization of a workplace for thick-film pastes' printing is described. The construction of the realized plotter and the controlling electronics of the plotter is depicted in detail.In the following chapter, the console, through which the plotter is controlled via PC, and the CAD program, which serves for projecting of the motives printed, are described.In the final chapter of this work, the measured profiles of the paste printed for various settings of printing parameters and the photographs of the motives printed are stated.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung von anwendungsspezifisch angepassten und drucktechnisch herstellbaren Antennen für Radio‐Frequency‐Identification (RFID) Anwendungen im Ultra‐High‐Frequency (UHF) und Super‐High‐Frequency (SHF) Frequenzbereich. Dabei werden alle Entwicklungsschritte und deren Abhängigkeiten vom Antennenentwurf über die Simulation, die Herstellung im Druckverfahren und die Antennenvermessung betrachtet. Die Alleinstellungsmerkmale der vorliegenden Arbeit liegen in der Erforschung von Antennen, welche eine hohe Funktionalität in herausfordernden dielektrischen oder metallischen Umgebungen (Glas, Holz, Papier, Aluminium, …) aufweisen sowie im Druckverfahren hergestellt werden. Mit Hilfe von FEM‐ und MoM‐Berechnungen werden neu entwickelte Antennenkonzepte wie 898 MHz‐Dipolantennen, 868 MHz‐Längsstrahler‐ Antennenkonfigurationen, 868 MHz‐(Reflektor)‐Antennenkonfigurationen und 5.8 GHz‐3D‐Dipol‐ Antennendesigns zur Erhöhung der Kommunikationsfähigkeit untersucht und beschrieben. Dabei werden hinsichtlich der 868 MHz‐Längsstrahler‐Antennenkonfiguration, zur Funktion in direkter metallischer Umgebung, Performance mindernde Depolarisationseffekte nachgewiesen. Eine Minimierung dieser Effekte wird mit der gezielten Krümmung elektromagnetischer Wellenfronten zwischen abstrahlendem Antennenelement und Reflektor erreicht. Der Nachweis wird anhand einer selbst entwickelten 868 MHz‐(Reflektor)‐Antennenkonfiguration geführt. Um die Leistungsfähigkeit gedruckter Antennen weiter zu steigern, werden Antennen mit gerichteter Abstrahlcharakteristik mit einer Resonanzfrequenz von 5.8 GHz und einer Frequenzbandbreite von 150 MHz entworfen. Als ein Ergebnis werden Antennen mit dreidimensionaler Geometrie vorgestellt. Die Besonderheit hierbei liegt in der planaren Herstellung der Antenne im Druckverfahren und der anschließenden dreidimensionalen Aufrichtung. Die entwickelten Antennen sind direkt in kommerzielle und industrielle Anwendung überführbar. / This doctoral thesis focuses on research and development in the field of novel, optimized and printed antenna structures for UHF and SHF-RFID applications in challenging dielectric and metallic environments. These antenna structures have a high level of functionality, the manufacturing costs are low and they can easily be integrated. At the beginning of this work, based on wave equations it had been deduced that the propagation of electromagnetic waves in different media is dependent on the two material parameters permeability and permittivity. Based on this knowledge and further application- and manufacturing-specific parameters (resonance frequency, radiation characteristics, impedance, properties of the object which is to be identified (form, geometry, permeability and permittivity) and manufacturing-specific properties (substrate, material and printed layer thereof)), dipole antenna designs for different dielectric environments (air, paper, glass or wood) were designed, investigated with the help of a simulation tool, manufactured employing screen and gravure printing technologies and characterized in an anechoic chamber. The employed printing technologies are very dynamic processes which depend on various process parameters. In order to improve the functionality of printed antenna structures, several dependencies between the printing processes and the achieved antenna properties have been investigated. Summed up, it can be stated that next to all manufacturing-specific dependencies, the antenna design itself is the most significant factor influencing the achievable antenna properties. Next to carrying out research on dielectric antennas in the near field, finding novel antenna concepts for the realization of highly functional UHF-RFID-transponder-antennas for the application on metallic objects was also part of this investigation. Important to account for is that the metallic objects influence the propagation of electromagnetic waves. In order to efficiently use this physical property of the reflection of electromagnetic waves, novel UHF-reflector-antenna configurations have been designed. Afterwards, its antenna-polarizations behavior was investigated in several simulations before the antenna was manufactured employing screen printing technology and characterized in an anechoic chamber. The developed antenna-configuration showed impressive RFID-reading distances up to 8.1 m (with a RFID-reader transmitting power of 1 W ERP) and compared to the state-of-the-art technology (reading distance approx. 5 m). Therefore this technology enhances the reading performance (distance) by approximately 60 %. In order to improve the communication quality of future RFID-systems, also novel, multi-directional 3D-RFID transponder antenna structures with a resonance frequency of 5.8 GHz were designed. Because of the increased resonance frequency compared to already existing UHF-RFID systems, the usage of a broader-band RFID-frequency range is possible (5.725 GHz – 5.875 GHz (150 MHz) instead of just several kHz). This allows identifying significantly more objects (> 100) in parallel. The three-dimensional layout of two antenna parts vertical to each other allows a directional (not omni-directional) radiation characteristic outside the enclosed volume of space. Because of this, the influence of dielectric materials (for instance content of product packages) on the functionality of the antenna could be significantly reduced. Also, it was shown that the designed 3D-antenna structure could easily be integrated directly on the interior of for instance product packages employing screen printing technology. After folding/erecting the product package, the antenna receives its three dimensional shape and its verified improved performance.

Объектами исследования служили фармацевтическая субстанция «Аргамид» и готовая лекарственная форма 1% крем «Аргамид» на основе серебряной соли сульфадимидина (Приоритетная справка на выдачу патента № 2015153574 от 14.12.2015). Данная соль и лекарственные средства на ее основе были разработаны на базе кафедры фармации УГМУ с целью обеспечения российского фармацевтического рынка эффективными антибактериальными и ранозаживляющими лекарственными препаратами отечественного производства согласно стратегии развития фармацевтической промышленности «ФАРМА-2020». Цель работы: разработка и валидация методик количественного определения серебра в исследуемых лекарственных средствах. Анализ литературных данных показал, что оптимальным методом определения серебра является метод осадительного титрования с потенциометрической индикацией конечной точки титрования. При этом, учитывая содержание серебра в анализируемых лекарственных средствах, для его определения в субстанции был выбран метод роданометрического, а в готовой лекарственной форме – йодометрического титрования. Для анализируемых лекарственных средств были подобраны оптимальные условия пробоподготовки: масса навески, концентрация растворителя; время и температура обработки пробы. В качестве индикаторного вместо дорогостоящего импортного серебряного дискового электрода использовали отечественный толстопленочный серебросодержащий электрод. Положительные результаты валидационной оценки разработанных методик, проведенной согласно требованиям Государственной Фармакопеи РФ XIII изд., позволяют считать их приемлемыми и рекомендовать для включения в проекты фармакопейных статей на исследуемые лекарственные средства. Контроль содержания серебра по разработанным методикам не требует дорогостоящего оборудования, привлечения высококвалифицированного персонала, отличается относительно коротким временем анализа, а, следовательно, может применяться испытательными лабораториями предприятия в процессе производства и центрами контроля качества во время обращения на фармацевтическом рынке исследуемых лекарственных средств. / The objects of study were pharmaceutical substance "Argamid" and finished dosage form of 1% cream "Argamid" based on silver salt sulfadimidine (Priority reference patent number 2015153574 from 14.12.2015). This salt and drugs based on it have been developed at the Department of Pharmacy UGMU to ensure that the Russian pharmaceutical market effective antibacterial and wound healing medicines domestic production according to the strategy of development of the pharmaceutical industry "Pharma 2020". Objective: Development and validation of methods of quantitative determination of silver in the investigational medicinal product. Analysis of published data shows that the best method of determining silver is the method of precipitation titration with potentiometric indication end point. However, given the content of silver in the analyzed medicaments for identification substance rodanometricheskogo method was selected, and in the final dosage form - iodometric titration. optimal conditions for sample preparation were selected to be analyzed drugs: sample weight, the concentration of solvent; Sample processing time and temperature. As an indicator instead of expensive imported silver disk electrode used domestic thick-film silver-electrode. Positive results validation assessment developed techniques conducted in accordance with the requirements of the RF State Pharmacopoeia XIII ed., Allow us to consider them acceptable and recommended for inclusion in the draft articles on the pharmacopoeia investigational medicinal products. Control of the silver content by developed techniques does not require expensive equipment, highly skilled personnel, has a relatively short analysis time, and, therefore, can be applied testing laboratories of the enterprise in the production process and quality control center during handling in the pharmaceutical market of investigational medicinal products.

Dans cette thèse, des structures MEMS de type micropoutre ont été conçues pour des applications capteurs. Un procédé de fabrication alternatif au silicium, associant la technique de sérigraphie à l'utilisation d’une couche sacrificielle (SrCO3), a été utilisé pour la réalisation de micropoutres piezoélectriques (PZT, matériau servant à la fois d’actionneur et de transducteur) dans un premier temps. Des tests de détection en phase gazeuse ont été réalisés avec et sans couche sensible avec succès à l’aide du mode de vibration non conventionnel 31-longitudinal. Le toluène a notamment pu être détecté à des concentrations voisines de 20ppm avec une couche sensible PEUT. D’autres espèces telles que l’eau, l’éthanol ou l’hydrogène ont été détectés sans couches sensibles afin de s’affranchir des contraintes liées à celle-ci (vieillissement notamment). Des tests préliminaires de caractérisation en milieu liquide ont également été réalisés avec dans l’optique la détection d’espèces en phase liquide. Par ailleurs, un capteur de force a été conçu et réalisé avec le même procédé de fabrication. Ce dernier est composé d’une micropoutre en matériau diélectrique sur laquelle est intégrée une piezorésistance servant à la transduction du signal associé à la déformation subie par la micropoutre. Des détections de force en mode statique (sans actionneurs) ont permis de caractériser les capteurs, notamment en termes de sensibilité, de gamme de force et de force minimale détectable ou encore de linéarité. / The project concerns the conception, fabrication and characterization of cantilever-type MEMS structures for sensors applications. An alternative process to silicon related ones, associating the screen-printing technique to a sacrificial layer (SrCO3), was used to realize piezoelectric cantilevers (PZT material utilized as actuator and transducer) in a first time. Detections in gas phase were performed successfully with and without sensitive layer thanks to the unusual 31-longitudinal vibration mode. Namely, we were able to detect toluene at concentrations as low as 20ppm with a PEUT sensitive layer. Other species like water, ethanol or hydrogen could be detected without sensitive layer in order to get rid of the sensitive layer-related issues (ageing for example). Preliminary characterizations were carried out in liquid phase in a view to perform liquid phase detection. Besides, a cantilever-based force sensor, fabricated thanks to the same fabrication process was designed. This last one integrates a piezoresistor allowing the transduction of the mechanical signal linked to the strain overcome by the microcantilever. Force detections in static mode (without any actuator) permitted the sensors’ characterization. Indeed, their sensitivity, force range, minimal detectable force and linearity were carried out.

Práce je zaměřena na výzkum struktur založených na vlnovodu integrovaném do textilu (TIW). Pozornost je věnována elektrické charakterizaci textilních materiálů (textilní substráty, nitě), které jsou využívány při implementaci antén, rekonfigurovatelných a aktivních obvodů integrovaných do textilu. Práce se zabývá návrhem vícevrstvých přechodů mezi mikropáskovým vedením na konvenčním substrátu a vedeními integrovanými do textilu. Dále je prezentován koncept přepínače integrovaného do textilu. Přepínač je řízen vodivými sloupky, které vytvářejí otevřenou či zavřenou stěnu prostřednictvím stejnosměrně ovládaných PIN diod. Na závěr je formulována metodika návrhu kruhově polarizovaných antén integrovaných do textilu, jež jsou určeny pro práci v ISM pásmech až do 24 GHz. Všechny postupy návrhu byly ověřeny simulacemi a měřeními reálných vzorků, které byly vyrobeny sítotiskem stříbrnou polymerovou pastou. Polovodičové komponenty byly k obvodům přilepeny vodivým stříbrným lepidlem. Komponenty vyrobené sítotiskem byly porovnávány s referenčními strukturami, které byly realizovány pomocí samolepicí měděné fólie.