This study has investigated the role of institutions, their efficiency and effectiveness in the property development process in Uganda. The role of real property development in economic growth and development is well acknowledged especially industrial, commercial and residential properties that are key catalysts to accelerated economic growth and development. In particular, for a developing country like Uganda to be able to absorb the huge direct capital inflow and take full advantage of the rapidly unfolding globalisation process, the necessary infrastructure has to be in place and functioning. However, the dearth of such infrastructure in Uganda, as in many developing countries, and Sub-Saharan Africa in particular is well acknowledged, and can be argued to hinder economic growth and development because of the known 'bottleneck' effects on the economy. Nevertheless, the postulation of this study is that for an effective property development process to take root in Uganda, the necessary institutions must be developed and nurtured. To this effect, a survey method of investigation was employed to ascertain both primary and secondary data, along with information on the state of the real property industry in Uganda so as to critically evaluate the role of stakeholders, including financial, government, professional institutions and private entrepreneurs involved in real property development in Uganda. A case study was conducted in Kampala, which is the Capital and hub of economic activities and where most of the institutions reside. In addition, structured interviews were conducted with legal institutions, as well as some key individuals within the public and private sector domain. The findings revealed that the process of real property development is very rudimentary. In most cases, private and public property developments occur on an incremental basis, which apart from the effects on demand by suppressing it, has a wider negative impact on developing the construction and property industry and entrepreneurial skills, and having a knock-on effect on the evolution of effective property institutions. This scenario is exemplified by the stop-go approach to real property development in Uganda as in other developing countries. In the absence of indigenous capacity, foreign construction and property multinational companies have filled the void but due to the very limited skills sourced and developed locally, relatively little managerial and technical skills are transferred to the local property entrepreneurial class. Thus, the need to identify not only the role that institutions play in real property development, but to also explore such a role within the context of a developing country like Uganda is seen as a necessary prerequisite to its economic growth and development. Hence, this study aims to identify those institutions that are vital to the process of real property development in developing countries such as Uganda, and a strategy has been proposed by which policy can evolve and sequenced, leading to the development and functioning of such institutions.

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Este artículo presenta los aspectos principales que se consideraron en la solución del problema de una empresa, cuyas actividades productivas están a cargo de terceros, a través la mejora continua. El documento presenta el marco teórico de la mejora, en el cual se incluyen los fundamentos de los procesos y la comparación de dos metodologías de solución de problemas con el propósito de encontrar un método adecuado que guíe la investigación. Posteriormente, se desarrolla el diagnóstico del proceso crítico de la empresa, con el fin de hallar las causas principales de los problemas. Finalmente, se presentan una serie de tendencias actuales que tienen como fin mantener el control sobre las operaciones que se realizan fuera de la empresa, sobre la base de estas estrategias y teniendo en cuenta la gestión de la calidad, se detalla además la alternativa de mejora propuesta.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / Based on interviews with opinion leaders in the fields of business and the arts, the thesis has three major points. First, the arts play an integral role in the corporate environment. Second, the relationship of business and the arts must be grounded in mutuality which is reached only if the two institutions are concerned with the society. Acting in the interests. of society, business and the arts inevitably meet. And third, dialogue between business and the arts is meaningful only if carried on by such intermediaries as public relations consultants, designers, or arts managers. [TRUNCATED] / 2031-01-01

Organisations are constantly striving to maximise shareholder wealth by improving effectiveness and efficiency of operations. There has been an emerging trend since the early 1980‟s to outsource functions which were considered non-core. These trends have now moved into the internal audit sphere, a function which was previously maintained in-house. With the outsourcing of Internal Audit Functions issues such as independence and the value adding approach of internal audit are brought into question. This paper explores similarities and differences between public sector internal auditing and its counterpart in the private sector in South Africa. Using survey data collected from a purposive mix of 72 organisations in the South African private and public sector, the degree of internal audit outsourcing, the rationales behind their outsourcing decisions, the types of internal audit services providers, the perceived status of in-house and the perception of Independence of outsourced Internal Audit Functions were investigated. Results from statistical analysis suggest that there was no significant difference in the consideration of outsourcing of Internal Audit Function by sector. The private sector was significantly more likely to consider internal audit a core activity when compared to the public sector while the public sector were more uncertain. No significant differences were observed between sectors with regards to interaction with external auditors in terms of coordination of areas of audit coverage and work schedule. Private companies were significantly more likely to have longer hours provided by interval service providers relative to outside providers when compared to the public sector. The biggest difference appears to be that private companies chose a big 4 accounting firm more often than in the government sector. Conversely the government sector had a higher frequency of choosing smaller accounting firms and specialised internal audit providers when compared to the private sector. The value of this research study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by means of bridging the gap between the theory and practice from a developing economy xvi and emerging market perspective, by highlighting the different perspectives of Internal Audit practice. Challenges that face this developing economy that are of particular interest when considering the sourcing arrangements of the Internal Audit Function, are events (political, social and economical) that have occurred in South Africa during the past 15 years. The public sector element is unique to other studies that were undertaken in South Africa.

The poor in urban areas of developing countries suffer from inadequate tertiary (neighbourhood level) urban infrastructure; water and sanitation, solid waste, drainage, access pavements, street lighting and community buildings. Procurement of tertiary level infrastructure is the responsibility of the public sector. Rapid urbanisation is outstripping the already lacking resources of public sector. The involvement of private commercial sector in the procurement is through the micro-contracts. The term, 'micro-contracts', is proposed for the small and medium size contracts. In some cases a third sector like NGOs, CBOs and community groups have also played roles in the procurement of infrastructure. The processes, roles, relationships and performance of micro-contracts procured under routine and community participated strategies were explored with a view to promote the role of the community in the procurement process. The constraints to contract, relationship between public sector and community groups and ways to overcome those constraints were explored. The contract contexts were taken from India, Pakistan and Sri-Lanka. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used. A multiple case study approach was adopted for the research. During the research three hundred and ninety contracts, more than a hundred interviews and filed notes and more than two hundred documents related to the micro-contracts were reviewed and analysed. The concept of benchmarking was adopted in performance analysis. 'Community partnering' is proposed as a procurement strategy to facilitate the community to play different roles parallel to the roles of Client, Engineer and Contractor. The cost and benefits of community partnering were discussed. It was concluded that, for the similar conditions studied, the community partnering between the urban public sector and suitable urban communities is an appropriate procurement strategy. The recommendations include a number of actions which could be taken to promote the community role in urban infrastructure procurement. Areas of future research are proposed.

This thesis analyzes the estimation procedures and policy implications of an underground economy. In completing this task, we reviewed the techniques developed by Gutmann, Ferge, Tanzi, and others. Further attention was also given to the estimation processes, such as the survey approaches, used by various governments. / In analyzing the policy implications of an underground economy, we examined the effects of fiscal and monetary policy, the aggregate statistics, the exchange rate, and other equally important indicators. We concluded that the consequences of a large and growing submerged sector can be devastating to the economic variables. / Finally, this paper attempts to examine the Canadian underground economy. However, since the studies performed on the Canadian underground economy are limited, the task of both reviewing the literature, and determining the Canadian policy implications was perplexing. We concluded that there is a definite need for further study of the Canadian hidden sector.