Security measures need to be put in place in order to deal with any security weaknesses that might occur or be observed. Care should be taken when addressing any crime or loss problem in any organisation, in this research study more specifically: petrol stations. It is clear that because of their diverse locations petrol stations have different levels of risks, e.g. low, medium and/or high risks. The study explored many issues including, among the others: security measures; petrol stations’ busiest times; vulnerable assets at petrol stations. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Security Management)

Water has been used for military purposes in the past and still continues today, i.e. poisoning of enemy water, attacking enemy water installations, etc. This conduct denies access to water, affects the supply of water, health, supply of electricity, etc. Public international law, such as treaties (e.g. The 1949 Geneva Conventions), customary international law, etc, regulate the protection of water during armed conflict. Chapter I of the dissertation analizes the public international law ire the abovementioned. The application of public inteniational law, depends on the municipal law of the state concerned. This municipal law is, in the case of South Africa, found in the 1996 Constitution. The 1996 Constitution contains specific provisions regarding inter alia the legal obligations of the South African security services, the legal status of international agreements, as well as the application of customary international law and international law. Chapter II of the dissertation analizes the abovementioned wrt the legal obligations of the SA National Defence Force ire the subject matter. / Constitutional, International and Indigenous Law / LL.M. (Public International Law)

Criminal career research postulates that offending behaviour develops over time during the course of one’s life. Thus, delinquency is not an isolated incident which occurs at a certain moment in time. This research comprises a mixed-method study of the criminal career of 40 offenders who perpetrated robberies against the banking and CIT industries. Through this research, an exploration is made for possibilities of using criminal career research to develop results which will guide crime prevention policies. The qualitative methodology used for this research included semi-structured interviews in order to collect information on motivations of armed robbers and the various mechanics (i.e. planning, recruitment, group dynamics) of the crime of armed robbery. Through the use of structured questionnaires, biographical data, information on risk factors and figures on the different aspects of a criminal career, such as age of offending onset, offending frequency and seriousness, and career length, were all gathered. The general findings of this research demonstrate that offending onset occurs between the ages of 11 and 15 with petty crimes, and then escalates to serious crimes. Secondly, witnessed throughout the dissertation is the fact that development of delinquent behaviour is not a result of a single risk factor but an outcome of multiple risk factors. Subsequently, a suggestion is made for the introduction of multifaceted deterrence programmes, which will holistically deal with the various offending risk factors (i.e. family, community and the offender’s personal risk factors as well as peer and school dynamics). Thirdly, armed robbers are responsible for various other crimes in the process of committing the offence of robbery. Accordingly, this study confirms the criminal career notion that a small number of chronic offenders are responsible for a large number of offences. That is why it is recommended that policy makers pay attention to disrupting the criminal career of this small number of high risk offenders. / Department of Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

Text in English / This research is aimed at analysing the nature, extent and cause of smuggling at selected Correctional Centres in Gauteng with the aim to provide appropriate strategies to combat smuggling. Smuggling is seen as a chain of command that reflects predisposition of an organised crime. Smuggling in correctional centres is an ongoing concern. Unauthorised items that are smuggled into the correctional centres have an adverse effect into the lives of people and death is an ultimate price. The Department of Correctional Services is also experiencing a severe shortage of officials due to The Seven Days Establishment and the Occupation Specific Dispensation (OSD) policies of Centre- Based and Non-Centre- Based staff. The study shows an increase of smuggling of items such as dangerous weapons, dagga, cellular phones and sim card over a three-year period at the three Correctional Centres. Various recommendations are made to combat smuggling in correctional centres including going back to the basics of proper searching of visitors, offenders, cells and staff when entering the facilities. / Corrections Management / M.Tech. (Correctional Services Management)

The main aim of this study is to obtain the Master of Technologiae degree. Secondly, this study gives more clarity on the conditions of detention in maximum security prisons in South Africa and selected countries, namely the United States of America and Australia. Inmates detained in maximum security prisons are those who were sentenced to serve long terms in prison, including those who show violent behavior at lower security prisons. The development and treatment programs offered for inmates detained at maximum security prisons are taken into consideration, while certain negative aspects unique to maximum security prisons are examined as well. This study is important for the South African correctional system, due to the increase in the number of inmates detained in these facilities. / Penology / M.Tech. (Correctional Services Management)

The main aim of this study is to obtain the Master of Technologiae degree. Secondly, this study gives more clarity on the conditions of detention in maximum security prisons in South Africa and selected countries, namely the United States of America and Australia. Inmates detained in maximum security prisons are those who were sentenced to serve long terms in prison, including those who show violent behavior at lower security prisons. The development and treatment programs offered for inmates detained at maximum security prisons are taken into consideration, while certain negative aspects unique to maximum security prisons are examined as well. This study is important for the South African correctional system, due to the increase in the number of inmates detained in these facilities. / Penology / M.Tech. (Correctional Services Management)

Architectural and technological project of building the housing Terraces Havlickova contains technical report on construction technology project,coordination situation, building relationships with the wider transport routes, time and financial plan of the building object, study the implementation of major technological stages of a residential building,Project construction site, design of the main building machines,schedule of the main building construction object SO-01,plan for securing material resources for the construction of residential house,technological regulation for the implementation of excavations and roofs,inspection and test plan for the implementation of the excavations and roofs. The other award was prepared itemized budget apartment house SO-01, calculation of construction according to THU, health and safety plan and Listing of security risks and security measures on site