The tourism industry in Sweden has expanded in recent years and the increasing industry has meant that customers are in need of a reseller for their trips abroad. Today there are three types of retailers available. These are : Traditional travel agencies , tour operators and online travel agencies. Online Travel agencies are the most modern online option for customers. Their existence has made it easier for the customer and reservation can be made anytime and anywhere. The competition has intensified between the three retailers and the traditional alternatives must find new ways to survive. Through effective marketing and selecting the right channel may be vital to the travel agency's survival. The theories that have been essentiell for this Investigation are: marketing mix, relationship marketing, porter curve, the buying process, the agent's role, word-of-mouth and marketing of services and products company. In this essay, the authors investigated four tour operators and one traditional travel agency and everyone is placed in Stockholm. The authors has choosed to investigate their market businesses and how the customer's requirements have changed since online travel agencies took over a large part of the market. The authors have also decided to conduct interviews with an online travel agency and one travel company that works with marketing for travel agencies. The tour operators in Stockholm mainly use relationship marketing as a primary strategy for maintaining a loyal relationship with the customer. The channels that travel companies utilize is a combination of word-of- mouth, digital media and printed media. All companies could state that the consumer in the current situation is more aware than before and this has led an increased requirement for travel agencies. Travel agents and tour operators must offer something unique or give the client an  xceptional service that they can not recieve in another place. Service in this case may involve travel on customers behalf, visa application, bookings for specific requests and helping to add travel insurance.

The aim of this thesis is to proces a digest about a status of real estate market in the region of Strakonicko. While proceeding the given topic I first made a literary background research, which is above all engaged in the explanation of basic terminology connected with the real estate market and also in the theoretical description of individual segments of the market. Furthermore, I prescribed a methodology, which I later acted upon during a creation of my own thesis. In the practical part of the thesis I first of all created a detailed characteristics of the researched area and identified characterisctics of a full area. I focused especially on unemployment, job opportunities, population, infrastructure and other elements which can influence the prices of real estates. I divided the researched area into three parts according to the biggest towns in the region. In each of these I observed the prices of real estates in the individual segments. Concretely what is discussed here is the market with flats, detached houses, building ground and commercial real estates. I stated qualitative, build-technical, urbanistic and economic characteristics of agents for individual segments. Afterwards I numerically represented a price range of individual groups of real estates and analysed a real estate market.

This thesis processes of basic terms related to the real estate market and real estate sales. The thesis gives an overview of the segments related to real estate economics and the real estate markets in the area of Třeboňsko with the focus on private recreational properties, too. The area of interest is divided to the Lomnice nad Lužnicí, Třeboň, Chlum u Třeboně and Suchdol nad Lužnicí municipalities in order to describe the natural, urban planning and technical aspects. Representatives from each segment were chosen to be examined closely and compared with the others. The thesis also describes the current trends in the real estate market of recreational properties.

This work presents an analysis of a Piezoelectric Transformer (TP), showing the main types of devices, characteristics, operation modes, among others important points. The parameters of Mason Classic Model are determined by frequency response analysis. The nominal load is determined considering the maximum power transfer and the efficiency from the load tests. In order to obtain a more accurate equivalent model, an optimization methodology of equivalent model is proposed. The criterion used to optimize the model is the minimum standard square error between frequency response of TP and model. To prove the results obtained by the optimization meth-odology, it is presented, in impedance graphs, the curves of model obtained by fre-quency response, optimized model and TP. The optimized model is obtained for dif-ferent segments configurations of TP. The analysis of segments has the goal to adapt the TP to specific applications, enabling the parameters adjust, to different condi-tions of load impedance to maximum power transfer, voltage gain and efficiency, among others. The Half-Bridge practical results with nominal load are presented to all segments configurations, using as resonant converter. / Este trabalho apresenta uma análise sobre Transformador Piezelétrico (TP), mostrando os principais tipos de dispositivos, características, modos de operação, en-tre outros pontos importantes. Os parâmetros do modelo clássico de Mason são de-terminados pela análise da resposta em frequência. A carga nominal é determinada levando em conta a máxima transferência de potência e o rendimento a partir de tes-tes de carga. Para obter o modelo equivalente mais preciso é proposto uma metodolo-gia de otimização do modelo equivalente. O critério utilizado para otimizar o modelo é do menor erro quadrático normalizado e ponderado entre a resposta em frequência do modelo e a resposta experimental do TP. Para comprovar os resultados obtidos pela metodologia de otimização, são apresentados gráficos de resposta em frequência do modelo obtido pela resposta em frequência, do modelo otimizado e a resposta ex-perimental do TP. O modelo otimizado é estendido para diferentes configurações de segmentos do TP. A análise dos segmentos tem como objetivo adequar o TP para aplicações específicas, possibilitando o ajustes de parâmetros, para diferentes condi-ções de resistência de carga para máxima transferência de potência, ganho de tensão e rendimento, entre outros. Resultados práticos com carga nominal são apresentados para todas configurações de segmentos, utilizando como conversor ressonante o con-versor Half-Bridge.

É sabido que: (i) as sínteses individual e múltipla (manual e automática), bem como a construção de bibliotecas e micro-arranjos de peptídeos sintéticos empregam a metodologia da fase sólida (SPFS); (ii) apesar do desenvolvimento atual desta metodologia sintética, os químicos de peptídeos continuam se deparando com problemas e limitações inerentes a ela; (iii) muitos trabalhos relatam a sua agilização pelo uso de altas temperaturas, mas poucos revelam preocupação com a integridade quiral dos peptídeos-alvo. Portanto, o presente trabalho objetivou dar continuidade à nossa investigação pioneira das: 1) incidência da enantiomerização dos aminoácidos e/ou de outras reações secundárias nas SPFS passo a passo de peptídeos a 60 °C; 2) viabilidade de realização de todas as etapas da síntese convergente em fase sólida (SCPFS) a 60 °C. Em relação ao tópico 1, os peptídeos-alvo escolhidos tinham tamanho e sequência variáveis que incluiam os aminoácidos trifuncionais problemáticos Cys, Ser, His, Met e Trp. Todos eles foram obtidos por SPFS passo a passo convencional e a 60 °C usando aquecimento convencional e micro-ondas. A identificação e a quantificação dos isômeros contaminantes foram feitas com a ajuda de padrões resultantes da SPFS passo a passo convencional e de métodos analíticos (RP-HPLC, LC-ESI/MS, CE e análise quiral de aminoácidos) em condições estabelecidas por nós. Foi constatado que: (i) as nossas condições de acoplamento são mais econômicas que as usuais, pois empregam menor concentração e excesso molar de N-acil-aminoácidos; (ii) nelas, a SPFS a 60 °C usando o aquecimento convencional é simples, prática, de custo relativamente baixo, demanda ½ do tempo da SPFS convenciona e não compromete significativamente a integridade quiral dos aminoácidos; (iii) nas condições similares, a SPFS passo a passo a 60 °C assistida por micro-ondas é mais rápida (realizada em ¼ do tempo gasto na SPFS convencional), porém mais cara e acompanhada de aumento significativo da enantiomerização da Cys; (iv) a mistura 25% DMSO/tolueno, nunca antes utilizada na SPFS assistida por micro-ondas, favoreceu a formação de contaminantes contendo Met oxidadas a sulfóxidos durante as sínteses do fragmento CCK24-33NS, mas o mesmo ocorreu quando DMF foi usado nas sínteses da CCK-33 NS; (v) outras reações secundárias típicas da SPFS passo a passo não foram intensificadas significativamente nas nossas condições sintéticas a 60 °C. Quanto ao tópico 2, foi escolhida a CCK-33 NS como modelo peptídico. Foi constatado que: (i) a etapa de obtenção dos fragmentos peptídicos protegidos que atuariam como doadores de acila (D.A.) e aceptor de acila (A.A.) de partida pode ser ágil e bem sucedida pela SPFS passo a passo a 60 °C nas nossas condições experimentais usando o aquecimento convencional; (ii) DMF, NMP e 25% DMSO/Tolueno foram adequados à solubilização dos fragmentos D.A. e dos reagentes necessários à sua ativação a 60 °C; (iii) a 60 °C, tais solventes também intumesceram satisfatoriamente a CCK24-33NS-resina Rink amida, A.A. de partica; (iv) o aquecimento convencional permitiu que algumas reações de acoplamento entre os D.A. e A.A. escolhidos fossem realizadas com sucesso; na maioria dos casos em que isso não ocorreu, o uso combinado das micro-ondas e agitação sob atmosfera inerte mediaram a formação do produto desejado; (v) a natureza dos fragmentos D.A. e A.A. é fator limitante na SCPFS, mesmo a 60 °C e usando o aquecimento convencional ou as micro-ondas, e, portanto, ele precisa ser melhor estudado. / It is well known that: (i) individual and multiple peptide syntheses (manual and automatic) as well as construction of synthetic peptide libraries and micro-arrays are all based on solid phase chemistry (SPPS); (ii) despite the current development of such synthetic methodology, peptide chemists are still facing its problems and inherent limitations; (iii) many previous works employed high temperatures to accelerate stepwise SPPS, but only a few showed concern about the preservation of the chiral integrity of the target peptide. Therefore, the main goal of the present work was to continue our pioneering investigation of: 1) the incidence of amino acids enantiomerization and/or other side-reactions in the stepwise SPPS at 60°C, 2) the viability of performing all steps of the convergent synthesis on a solid support (CSPPS) at 60°C. With regard to the topic 1, the peptides chosen as targets had variable size and sequence, which included the tricky trifunctional amino acids Cys, Ser, His, Met and Trp. The peptides were synthesized by conventional stepwise SPFS and at 60 °C using conventional or microwave heating. Identification and quantification of the contaminant isomers was done with the aid of standards resultant from conventional stepwise SPPS and of analytical methods (RP-HPLC, LC-ESI/MS, CE and chiral amino acids analysis) in conditions established in our laboratory. It was shown that: (i) our coupling conditions are cheaper than the usual ones as they employ lower concentration and excess of N-acyl-amino acids; (ii) under them, stepwise SPPS at 60 °C using the conventional heating is simple, practical, relatively low-cost, demands half of the time required by conventional stepwise SPPS and does not cause the enhancement of amino acids enantiomerization; (iii) under similar conditions, microwave-assisted stepwise SPPS at 60 °C is faster (it demands only one-fourth of the time spent in the conventional stepwise SPPS), but it is more expensive and causes significant damage specially to the chiral integrity of Cys; (iv) the binary mixture 25% DMSO/toluene, never used earlier in microwave-assisted stepwise SPPS, led to the formation of contaminants with Met oxidized to its sulfoxides during the synthesis of CCK24-33NS; however, it also occurred when DMF was used in the synthesis of CCK-33 NS; (v) other side reactions typical of stepwise SPPS were not significantly intensified under our conditions at 60 °C. Concerning to the topic 2, CCK-33 NS was chosen as the model peptide. It was shown that: (i) the synthesis of the protected peptides that would act as acyl donor (A.D.) or as the starting acyl aceptor (A.A.) can be fast and successfully achieved at 60 °C under our experimental conditions using conventional heating; (ii) DMF, NMP and 25% DMSO/toluene dissolved all A.D. and the reagents required for their activation at 60 °C; (iii) at this temperature, such solvents were also able to properly swell CCK24-33NS-Rink amide resin, the starting A.A.; (iv) the conventional heating allowed for some coupling reactions between A.D. and A.A., but in most cases in which it did not occur, the combined use of microwaves and stirring under inert atmosphere mediated the formation of the desired products; (v) the nature of fragments A.D. and A.A. is a limiting factor in the CSPPS even at 60 °C and using the conventional or microwave heating; therefore, it should be further studied.

The diploma thesis is focused on of its presentation in accordance with IFRS/IAS, respectively, for the fulfilling the requirements of IFRS 8 – Operational Segments. In this diploma thesis, the effects and advantages of financial statements transformation on IFRS/IAS are explained. Process of this transformation all its consequences are also elaborated here. For the conclusion, possible approaches to modelling of risk and to risk measurement are suggested here.

The neuromeric concept of brain formation has become a well-established model to explain how order is created in the developing vertebrate central nervous system. The most important feature of neuromeres is their compartmentalization on the cellular level: Each neuromere comprises a lineage-restricted population of cells that does not intermingle with cells from neighboring compartments. The units of the vertebrate hindbrain, the rhombomeres, serve as the best-studied examples of neuromeres. Here, the lineage restriction mechanism has been found to function on the basis of differentially expressed adhesion molecules. To date, hard evidence for the existence of other lineage restricted regions in more anterior parts of the brain is still scarce. The focus of this study is the midbrain-hindbrain boundary (mhb) region, where the juxtaposition of the mesencephalon and metencephalon gives rise to a signaling center, termed the midbrain-hindbrain or isthmic organizer. Evidence for lineage restriction boundaries in the mhb region is still controversial, with some very recent studies supporting the existence of a lineage boundary between the mesencephalon and metencephalon and others rejecting this. Here, I present data strongly supporting the existence of a compartment boundary between the posterior midbrain and anterior hindbrain territory. I base this proposition on cell-tracing experiments with single cell resolution. By connecting the traces to a molecular midbrain marker, I establish a link between cell fate and behavior. In the second part, I present a novel tissue explant method for the zebrafish that has the potential to serve numerous developmental studies, especially imaging of so far inaccessible regions of the embryo.

La symétrie est une propriété géométrique importante en perception visuelle qui traduit notre perception des correspondances entre les différents objets ou formes présents dans une scène. Elle est utilisée comme élément caractéristique dans de nombreuses applications de la vision par ordinateur (comme par exemple la détection, la segmentation ou la reconnaissance d'objets) mais également comme une caractéristique formelle en sciences de l'art (ou en analyse esthétique). D’importants progrès ont été réalisés ces dernières décennies pour la détection de la symétrie dans les images mais il reste encore de nombreux verrous à lever. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la détection des symétries de réflexion, dans des images réelles, à l'échelle globale. Nos principales contributions concernent les étapes d'extraction de caractéristiques et de représentation globale des axes de symétrie. Nous proposons d'abord une nouvelle méthode d'extraction de segments de contours à l'aide de bancs de filtres de Gabor logarithmiques et une mesure de symétrie intersegments basée sur des caractéristiques locales de forme, de texture et de couleur. Cette méthode a remporté la première place à la dernière compétition internationale de symétrie pour la détection mono- et multi-axes. Notre deuxième contribution concerne une nouvelle méthode de représentation des axes de symétrie dans un espace linéaire-directionnel. Les propriétés de symétrie sont représentées sous la forme d'une densité de probabilité qui peut être estimée, de manière non-paramétrique, par une méthode à noyauxbasée sur la distribution de Von Mises-Fisher. Nous montrons que la détection des axes dominants peut ensuite être réalisée à partir d'un algorithme de type "mean-shift” associé à une distance adaptée. Nous introduisons également une nouvelle base d'images pour la détection de symétrie mono-axe dans des photographies professionnelles issue de la base à grande échelle AVA (Aestetic Visual Analysis). Nos différentes contributions obtiennent des résultats meilleurs que les algorithmes de l'état de l'art, évalués sur toutes les bases disponibles publiquement, spécialement dans le cas multi-axes. Nous concluons que les propriétés de symétrie peuvent être utilisées comme des caractéristiques visuelles de niveau sémantique intermédiaire pour l'analyse et la compréhension de photographies. / Symmetry is a fundamental principle of the visual perception to feel the equally distributed weights within foreground objects inside an image. It is used as a significant visual feature through various computer vision applications (i.e. object detection and segmentation), plus as an important composition measure in art domain (i.e. aesthetic analysis). The development of symmetry detection has been improved rapidly since last century. In this thesis, we mainly aim to propose new approaches to detect reflection symmetry inside real-world images in a global scale. In particular, our main contributions concern feature extraction and globalrepresentation of symmetry axes. First, we propose a novel approach that detects global salient edges inside an image using Log-Gabor filter banks, and defines symmetry oriented similarity through textural and color around these edges. This method wins a recent symmetry competition worldwide in single and multiple cases.Second, we introduce a weighted kernel density estimator to represent linear and directional symmetrical candidates in a continuous way, then propose a joint Gaussian-vonMises distance inside the mean-shift algorithm, to select the relevant symmetry axis candidates along side with their symmetrical densities. In addition, we introduce a new challenging dataset of single symmetry axes inside artistic photographies extracted from the large-scale Aesthetic Visual Analysis (AVA) dataset. The proposed contributions obtain superior results against state-of-art algorithms among all public datasets, especially multiple cases in a global scale. We conclude that the spatial and context information of each candidate axis inside an image can be used as a local or global symmetry measure for further image analysis and scene understanding purposes.

The aim of the work is regeneration and reclamation of the main formal places and points in the Polna town, on the level of the town (part of the town), the castle complex and the main court. Using the town acupuncture method and focusing on the main and the most important parts, I created the system of segments (plateaus), which like the separate elements create the appearance of the town as a whole. In my diploma thesis I focused on segment of castle complex. Using the gradual regeneration of the main formally important places and points, I created its overall “ideal” condition. The result of my work is the design of alternative use of castle complex and castle court elements.

La lecture automatique de plaques d’immatriculation de véhicule est considérée comme une approche de surveillance de masse. Elle permet, grâce à la détection /localisation ainsi que la reconnaissance optique, d’identifier un véhicule dans les images ou les séquences d’images. De nombreuses applications comme le suivi du trafic, la détection de véhicules volés, le télépéage ou la gestion d’entrée / sortie des parkings utilise ce procédé. Or malgré d’important progrès enregistré depuis l’apparition des premiers prototypes en 1979 accompagné d’un taux de reconnaissance parfois impressionnant, notamment grâce aux avancés en recherche scientifique et en technologie des capteurs, les contraintes imposés pour le bon fonctionnement de tels systèmes en limitent les portées. En effet, l’utilisation optimale des techniques de localisation et de reconnaissance de plaque d’immatriculation dans les scénarii opérationnels nécessite des conditions d’éclairage contrôlées ainsi qu’une limitation dans de la pose, de vitesse ou tout simplement de type de plaque. La lecture automatique de plaques d’immatriculation reste alors un problème de recherche ouvert. La contribution majeure de cette thèse est triple. D’abord une nouvelle approche robuste de localisation de plaque d’immatriculation dans des images ou des séquences d’images est proposée. Puis, l’amélioration de la qualité des plaques localisées est traitée par une adaptation de technique de super-résolution. Finalement, un modèle unifié de localisation et de super-résolution est proposé permettant de diminuer la complexité temporelle des deux approches combinées. / Automatic reading of vehicle license plates is considered an approach to mass surveillance. It allows, through the detection / localization and optical recognition to identify a vehicle in the images or video sequences. Many applications such as traffic monitoring, detection of stolen vehicles, the toll or the management of entrance/ exit parking uses this method. Yet in spite of important progress made since the appearance of the first prototype sin 1979, with a recognition rate sometimes impressive thanks to advanced science and sensor technology, the constraints imposed for the operation of such systems limit laid. Indeed, the optimal use of techniques for localizing and recognizing license plates in operational scenarios requiring controlled lighting conditions and a limitation of the pose, velocity, or simply type plate. Automatic reading of vehicle license plates then remains an open research problem. The major contribution of this thesis is threefold. First, a new approach to robust license plate localization in images or image sequences is proposed. Then, improving the quality of the plates is treated with a localized adaptation of super-resolution technique. Finally, a unified model of location and super-resolution is proposed to reduce the time complexity of both approaches combined.