nÃo hà / A sonegaÃÃo fiscal à um problema para o Estado equilibrar suas contas e manter a mÃquina pÃblica exercendo seu papel social plenamente. O ICMS representa quase a totalidade da arrecadaÃÃo tributÃria do Estado. Entretanto, os contribuintes buscam meios de diminuir o peso da carga tributÃria por meio de elisÃo e sonegaÃÃo fiscal. Assim, este trabalho busca analisar o quanto o Estado consegue reaver dos seus crÃditos tributÃrios que sÃo provenientes de sonegaÃÃo do ICMS. A metodologia utilizada para a anÃlise do problema foi a de Box e Jenkins para prever a sÃrie temporal do total de crÃditos que foram transformados em receita para o Estado para os dados dos setores de Alimentos, Automotivos, Bebidas, CombustÃveis, ComunicaÃÃo, Couros e CalÃados, Energia, FarmacÃuticos, QuÃmicos, TÃxtil e Total nos meses de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2011, realizados pela Auditoria Fiscal da SEFAZ-CE. / The tax evasion is a problem for the state balance its accounts public and maintain the machine fully exercising their social role. The ICMS represents almost all of the tax revenue of the State. However, taxpayers looking for ways to lighten the tax burden through tax avoidance and tax evasion. This study aims to analyze how the state can regain its tax credits that come from evasion of ICMS. The methodology used for the analysis of the problem was the Box-Jenkins time series to predict the total number of credits that have been turned into revenue for the state data for the sectors of Food, Automotive, Beverage, Fuel, Communication, Leather and Footwear, Energy, Pharmaceuticals, Chemicals, Textiles and Total from January 2006 to December 2011, conducted by the Comptroller SEFAZ-CE

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T19:56:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Aquisição da escrita das consoantes plosivas.pdf: 15754948 bytes, checksum: 25c203a9423850b9bbbec75f4fa03c43 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-06-30T20:25:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Aquisição da escrita das consoantes plosivas.pdf: 15754948 bytes, checksum: 25c203a9423850b9bbbec75f4fa03c43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T20:25:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Aquisição da escrita das consoantes plosivas.pdf: 15754948 bytes, checksum: 25c203a9423850b9bbbec75f4fa03c43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / O presente estudo visa à observação de trocas ortográficas nos segmentos plosivos, buscando evidenciar até que ponto imprecisões de ordem fonético/fonológica influenciam em sua ocorrência. A partir dos estudos predominantes até o fim da década de 90, a ocorrência de trocas ortográficas é entendida de maneira categórica, decorrente da troca de traços distintivos. No entanto, essas trocas podem ser motivadas por aspectos fonético/fonológicos não necessariamente perceptíveis na fala. Sob este ponto de vista, busca-se evidenciar as trocas presentes nos segmentos plosivos, apontando, a partir da Fonologia Gestual, a influência da aquisição gradiente de parâmetros acústicos e articulatórios na escrita. Para tanto, foi realizada coleta de dados de fala e escrita de 47 sujeitos, matriculados nos 2º, 3º, 4º e 6º anos do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública localizada na cidade de Pelotas. Os instrumentos de coleta desenvolvidos consistem na elaboração de uma narrativa e na nomeação de palavras, a partir de imagens. A seleção das palavras para realização desta atividade levou em conta a distribuição das plosivas em quatro variáveis linguísticas, a saber: tonicidade, estrutura silábica, posição na palavra e ambiente vocálico - /a/, /i/ ou /u/. Na etapa de coleta dos dados de fala, os sujeitos foram instruídos a produzir os estímulos em uma frase veículo: digo “palavra alvo” pra você. A partir dos resultados obtidos nessa etapa, foi realizada, com 2 sujeitos da turma com maior número de trocas, o 3º ano, uma coleta de dados articulatórios, por meio da técnica ultrassonográfica, com a utilização do software Articulate Assistant Advanced (versão 2.16.11), a fim de evidenciar possível influência da magnitude e temporalidade gestual, e correlacionar pistas acústicas e articulatórias. Os dados de escrita foram contabilizados e classificados quanto à ocorrência de trocas de acordo com os contextos analisados. Os dados orais foram submetidos à análise acústica, por meio do software PRAAT (versão 5.3.10) e, assim como os dados escritos, também foram submetidos a uma análise estatística, por meio do SPSS (versão 17.0). Conforme era esperado, o número de erros de escrita nos segmentos plosivos é pouco expressivo e diminui de acordo com o adiantamento escolar dos sujeitos. Foi observado um predomínio de trocas em plosivas sonoras, quando em estrutura CCV, e seguidas das vogais altas. A influência da sílaba tônica e a posição medial mostram-se relevantes na escrita adequada de “t”. As trocas na fala, como também era esperado, não correspondem às verificadas na escrita, entretanto, na análise acústica, verificaram-se diferenças significativas, entre o grupo com e sem trocas, valores destoantes na duração relativa de VOT, em especial para [k], que podem refletir em dificuldades na relação grafo-fônica. Para [k], também foram identificados valores de VOT superiores ao considerado padrão para o português, resultando em proximidade com o valor evidenciado para a dorsal sonora. A análise articulatória parece apontar consonância com os resultados estatísticos obtidos para os dados de escrita, em especial, quanto ao contexto vocálico de [b]. Dessa forma, pistas acústicas e articulatórias parecem revelar influência na ocorrência de trocas ortográficas. / This study aims the observation of ortographic changes in stop segments, trying to establish to what extent honetic/phonologic imprecisions influence their ocurrency. From the predominating studies to the end of the nineties, the ocurrency of ortographic changes is absolutely understood as being result of distinctive features change. Nevertheless, such changes can be motivated by phonetic/phonologic aspects which are not noticeable during speech. From this perspective, this research attempts to verify the changes that are present in stop segments, pointing, from the Gestural Phonology, the influence of gradient acoustic and articulatory parameters acquisition on writing. In this regard, it was performed a speaking and writing data collection with 47 students, enrolled in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th grades of primary school from a public school located in Pelotas. The instruments of collection developed consist in drawing up a narrative and naming words, through the obseravtion of pictures. The selection of words to carrying out this activity took in consideration the distribution of plosive segments in four linguistic variables, they are: tonicity, sillabic structure, position in the word and vocalic environment - /a/, /i/ or /u/. At the data collection stage, the participants were instructed to produce a vehicle statement: I say “target word” to you. From the results which were got in this stage, it was perfomed a collection of articulatory data with two participants from the group with a greater number of exchanges, the 3rd grade, through ultrasonographic techniques, through the Articulate Assistant Advanced software (2.16.11 version), in order to establish possible influence of magnitude and gestual temporality, and relate acoustic and articulatory clues. The writing data was counted and classified according to the ocurrency of agreement changes with the contexts which were analyzed. The oral data was subjected to acoustic analysis, through the PRAAT software (5.3.10 version) and, like the written data, it was subjected to a statistic analysis through the SPSS program (17.0 version). According to what was expected, the number of mistakes when writing plosive segments is few meaningful and it decreases as students progress in their studies. It was noticed a predominance of changes in voiced plosive, when in CCV structure, and followed of high vowels. The influence of stressed syllables and medium position show to be relevant in the accurate writing of “t”. The changes in speaking, like it was also expected, do not correspond to the ones verified in writing. However, in the acoustic analysis meaningful differences were noticed, between the group with and without changes, dissonant numbers in the relative duration of VOT, specially to [k], that can reflect in difficulties in the graphemic and phonetic relationship. For [k], VOT numbers superior to the considered standard in Portuguese were identified, resulting in closeness with the number evidenced to the dorsal sound. The articulatory analysis seems to point consonance with the statistic results which were got to the writing data, specially, concerning the vocalic context of [b]. Therefore, acoustic and articulatory clues seem to reveal influence in the occurrence of ortographic changes.

L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de développer des algorithmes génériques d'estimation du mouvement et de la structure à partir d'images de scènes prises par différents types de systèmes d'acquisition centrale : caméra perspective,fish-eye et systèmes catadioptriques, notamment. En supposant que la correspondance entre les pixels de l'image et les lignes de vue dans l'espace est connue, nous travaillons sur des images sphériques, plutôt que sur des images planes (projection des images sur la sphère unitaire), ce qui nous permet de considérer des points sur une vue mieux adaptée aux images omnidirectionnelles et d'utiliser un modèle générique valable pour tous les capteurs centraux. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous développons une approche générique de mise en correspondance simple de lignes à partir d'images de scènes urbaines ou péri-urbaines sous la contrainte d'un faible déplacement du capteur,ainsi qu'une contrainte rapide et originale pour apparier des lignes d'un environnement plan par morceaux, indépendante du mouvement de la caméra centrale. Ensuite, nous introduisons une méthode unique et effcace pour estimer le recouvrement entre deux segments sur des images perspectives, diminuant considérablement le temps global de calcul par rapport aux algorithmes connus.Enfin, dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, nous développons un algorithme d'estimation du mouvement et de reconstruction de surfaces pour les scènes planes par morceaux applicable à toutes sortes d'images centrales, à partir de deux vues uniquement et ne nécessitant qu'un nombre minime de correspondances de ligne. Pour démontrer les performances de ces algorithmes, nous les avons expérimentés avec diverses images réelles acquises à partir d'une caméra perspective,une lentille fish-eye, et deux différents types de capteurs paracatadioptriques(l'un est composé d'un miroir simple, et l'autre d'un miroir double). / The primary goal of this thesis is to develop generic motion and structure algorithms for images taken from constructed scenes by various types of central imaging systems including perspective, fish-eye and catadioptric systems. As-suming that the mapping between the image pixels and their 3D rays in space is known, instead of image planes, we work on image spheres (projection of the images on a unit sphere) which enable us to present points over the entire viewsphere suitable for presenting omnidirectional images. In the first part of this thesis, we develop a generic and simple line matching approach for images taken from constructed scenes under a short baseline motion as well as a fast and original geometric constraint for matching lines in planar constructed scenes insensible to the motion of the camera for all types of centralimages including omnidirectional images.Next, we introduce a unique and efficient way of computing overlap between two segments on perspective images which considerably decreases the over all computational time of a segment-based motion estimation and reconstruction algorithm. Finally in last part of this thesis, we develop a simple motion estima-tion and surface reconstruction algorithm for piecewise planar scenes applicable to all kinds of central images which uses only two images and is based on mini-mum line correspondences.To demonstrate the performance of these algorithms we experiment withvarious real images taken by a simple perspective camera, a fish-eye lens, and two different kinds of paracatadioptric sensors, the first one is a folded catadioptric camera and the second one is a classic paracatadioptric system composed of a parabolic mirror in front of a telecentric lens.

In its first chapter, the thesis deals with the analysis of the changes in the Czech daily and regional newspapers and magazines' owners. The second and the third chapter analyse both verbally and graphically changes in sold number of copies and reading of these periodicals in the years 1989 - 2008. Conclusions of the analyses are presented separately for selected segments of periodicals: daily newspapers, regional newspapers, women's magazines, social magazines, exclusive magazines, magazines about computers and IT, news-journalistic magazines and economic weeklies. The last chapter justifies the reached output of the analyses.

STŘÍLKA VLASTIMIL, Proposal of a tool for radial expanding of axial symetrical components Diploma work, 5th year, School year 2008/2009, educational group 5O/61, FS VUT in Brno, Institute of Manufacturing Technology, department of forming, May 2009 An object of this diploma work is location suitable manufacturing proposal for production engaged part of form ring from materials 17 246 segments tool. As a half- finished product of this part will be use a weldment metal plate from materials 17 246.1, the used welding technology is butt weld by laser beam. Choice of suitable manufacturing variety will be made from more construction proposal tool. Appearance to financial costs, mode of radial expanding and so from aspekt functionality and next processing part. We choice variety NO. 3. I implemented calculation usefull forming power and process factor. I affixed to the dokument plan configuration choose variety.

The Master Thesis describes knowlege in thrust bearings with solid segments. Contains analysis of thrust bearing used in NR/20SJ turbochargers. Further designs new thrust bearing with enhancement of load carrying capacity. The new thrust bearing and the old one are tested and compared.

För att beslutsfattare och dagligvaruaktörer ska kunna fatta välgrundade beslut vid etablering av nya butiker är det viktigt att känna till hur demografiska faktorer påverkar dagligvarumarknaden. I denna uppsats analyserar vi med data för 2016 hur demografiska faktorer påverkar förekomsten av olika butikssegment på lokala marknader i Sverige samt hur demografi påverkar butikssegmentens omsättningsandelar. Segmenten skapades inom ramen för uppsatsen baserat på tidigare forskning och dagligvaruaktörernas egna butiksdefinitioner. Med logistiska regressioner på stadsdelsnivå finner vi (i) att en ökande andel befolkning med utrikes bakgrund påverkar sannolikheten positivt att minst en lågprisbutik finns etablerad i ett område, men påverkar sannolikheten att minst en traditionell mindre butik finns etablerad negativt. Vidare, med hjälp av OLS-regressioner på stadsdelsnivå finner vi (ii) att en högre andel befolkning med utrikes bakgrund påverkar lågprisbutikers andel av ett områdes totala omsättning positivt, men påverkar traditionella mindre butikers andel negativt. Till sist, indikerar resultatet (iii) att framförallt flödet av människor påverkar traditionella större butiker, både dess geografiska plats samt deras andel av ett områdes totala omsättning. På kommunnivå visar OLS-regressionerna delvis otydliga resultat, förmodligen till följd av allt för aggregerad data. Vår studie bidrar till den existerande litteraturen genom att analysera butiksetableringar och demografi i en svensk kontext. Tidigare forskning har främst undersökt den amerikanska och olika europeiska marknader. / It is important for policy makers and retail chains to recognise how demographics affect the non- durable goods business in order to make qualified decisions about establishing new grocery stores. In this thesis, using data from 2016, we analyse how demographics affect the presence of different store segments at local markets in Sweden and how it affects the turnover share of different store segments. The segments were defined as a part of this thesis and are based on previous literature and the concept description made by each included company. Using logit regressions on urban districts, we find (i) that a larger share of population with foreign background increases the probability that at least one discount store is established in the district but decreases the probability that at least one traditional small store is established. Further, using an OLS-regression on urban districts we find (ii) that a larger share of population with foreign background increases the share of total turnover in discount stores and decreases the share of total turnover for traditional small stores. Finally, our result indicates (iii) that the flow of people significantly affects traditional large stores, both regarding their presence on local markets as well as their share of the total turnover. When using municipalities as local markets, our OLS-regression provides partly indefinite results, probably a consequence of the aggregated data. Our thesis contributes to the existent literature by analysing store establishment and demography in a Swedish context. Previous literature has mainly evaluated American and European markets.

<p>Predmet ove doktorske disertacije su izdvojeni pešački prelazi odnosno njihov uticaj na uslove odvijanja motornog saobraćaja na gradskim saobraćajnicama. Ocenu uslova odvijanja motornog saobraćaja na gradskim saobraćajnicama između ostalog vrši se na osnovu brzine putovanja vozila prolaznog toka na odseku koja je u obrnuto proporcionalna sa vremenom putovanja vozila na odseku gradske saobraćajnice. Povećanje vremena putovanja zavisi od veličine ostvarenih vremenskih gubitaka koji nastaju na izdvojenom pešačkom prelazu. Ključna pretpostavka na kojoj je zasnovana ova doktorska disertacija je da vremenski gubici vozačkih tokova na izdvojenom pešačkom prelazu nastaju usled pojave pešaka (ili grupa pešaka) i kao takvi utiču na smanjenje prosečne brzine putovanja tj. povećanje vremena putovanja vozila na odseku. U skladu sa tim cilj rada je definisanje modela za utvrđivanje vremenskih gubitaka vozila na izdvojenim pešačkim prelazima uz mogućnost implementacije u postojećoj metodologiji za definisanje uslova odvijanja saobraćaja na odsecima gradskih saobraćajnica. U skladu sa definisanim ciljem izvršena je analiza prethodnih relevantnih istraživanja, a zatim i prikupljane podatka o uslovima odvijanja saobraćaja u realnom saobraćajnom toku. Sistematizacijom prikupljenih podataka i primenom odgovarajućih matematičkih i statističkih alata utvrđene su zakonitosti nastanaka vremenskih gubitaka vozačkih tokova koji nastaju na izdvojenom pešačkom prelazu i formiran model za njihov proračun.</p> / <p>The theme of this doctoral thesis is the analysis of the midblock pedestrian crossings influence on traffic conditions on urban street segments. The assessment of motor traffic conditions on urban street segments was carried out on the basis of travel speed of through vehicles. Travel speed of through vehicles for the segment represents the relation between the segment length and segment running time, which implies that running time increase directly affects travel speed decrease. Segment running time greatly depends on the value of the achieved delays which occur on a midblock pedestrian crossing. The key assumption, which this doctoral thesis is based on, is that delays of vehicular flows on midblock pedestrian crossings occur as a consequence of pedestrian (or a group of pedestrians) appearance and that they affect the travel speed of through vehicles decrease, that is, the increase of segment running time. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is defining the model for determination of vehicular delays on midblock pedestrian crossings, with the possibility of its implementation into the existing methodology for defining traffic conditions on the urban street segments. In accordance with the defined aim within the doctoral thesis, the analysis of previous relevant research studies was carried out, and then the research in a real traffic flow. The systematization of the collected data and the application of the appropriate mathematical and statistical tools enabled how to establish the rules of vehicular flows delays occurrence on midblock pedestrian crossing. On the basis of the established rules and correlation of traffic and geometric characteristics of midblock pedestrian crossings, a model for calculating the value of delays occurring in traffic flows was defined.</p>

The natural streets model is a research prototype that has been shown to perform better than the conventional GIS-based streets segments for explaining traffic flow and human movement. However, given its experimental status, a gap in the literature was identified. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to contribute to the literature by investigating the wider applications of natural streets and observe whether a city’s spatial configuration (or structure) is related to outcomes of human behaviour and activity. In this case, the two previously unstudied outcomes were chosen: crime and traffic accidents. Taking an exploratory approach, Stockholm was chosen as the case study. Using the space syntax methodology, the street segments and natural streets connectivity was used to analyse whether accessibility or ‘potential through movement’ is associated with crime and traffic accidents. Two study areas were generated: a primary study area consisting of six nested zones and a secondary study area with hot spots and cold spots for events of crime and traffic accidents. To observe the statistical association between connectivity and events of crime and traffic accidents for natural streets and street segments, a classical regression model was used. The regression analysis showed that natural streets perform significantly better than street segments as they are better able to explain events of crime and traffic accidents. However, more so for traffic accidents. Most importantly, the topological structure or scaling characteristics of natural streets served as a better indicator for measuring human phenomena. The implication of this is that it could potentially be used to further the understanding of human activities in the context of the urban environment.

Ergonomic assessments to determine risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders as well as to compare designs of work-tasks and workstations, are imperative for high sustainability and productivity in any given industry. Hence, assessment tools that can objectively and reliably capture postures, joint angles and muscle activities play very important role in properly determining risks relating to work and various tasks. The introduction of direct measurement instruments/tools has been helping and continue to help improve upon observational assessment methods to attain objectivity and reliability. This project aimed at contributing to future improvements of industrial risk assessment measures in ergonomics by identifying and testing direct measurement instruments/tools that can enhance observational risk assessment methods and introduce a new way of signal processing, hence, reducing assessment time while increasing objectivity and reliability. Several candidate instruments were identified and out of the identified, ten were selected as potential candidates. Two out of the ten, Wergonic and ErgoHandMeter were then selected and tested on common observation risk assessment factors that could be measured and answers provided directly or by analyses. The Wergonic instrument was modified to enhance its measuring capability from one fully and partially two factors to six factors. New algorithms were also employed to analyse measurements of the ErgoHandMeter in order to answer questions regarding repetitive movements. The two instruments tested, are able to measure and provide results for six commonly and one rarely assessed biomechanical risk factors. By combining selected potential candidates, many of the commonly targeted biomechanical risk factors in observational instruments can be measured by the selected direct measurement instruments. However, some factors especially force measurement remain a challenge for measuring by direct wearable sensor instruments.