A survey of the field revealed a need for a Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI). The two major objectives were to understand the concept of selfactualization and the use of the POI as a measuring instrument. The POI correlation coefficients were used as input data for the computer program, Linear Structural Relations (LISREL), to perform a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A sample of 495 individuals was used in this research. This sample consisted of both male and female second-year Industrial Psychology students from various race groups. The research concluded that the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) indicated a poor fit between the empirical model and the empirical reality. This determined that the POI's factor structure could not confirm the theoretical model of selfactualization. It is acknowledged that more research needs to be conducted, taking due consideration of bias variables and cultural diversity. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial Psychology)

Объектом исследования явилась самоактуализация. Предметом исследования – особенности самоактуализации молодых людей с разным уровнем притязаний. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (60 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя статистические данные по используемым методикам. Объем магистерской диссертации 75 страниц, на которых размещены 4 рисунка и 12 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме самоактуализации личности. Проанализирована характеристика самоактуализирующейся личности по подходам разных авторов и проведена связь с уровнем притязаний. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: Самоактуализационный тест Э. Шостром в адаптации Ю.Е. Алешина, Л.Я. Гозман, М.В. Загика, М.В. Кроз, Оценка уровня притязаний, разработанный В. Гербечевским, тест Пирамида потребностей А. Маслоу. Также в главе представлен сравнительный и корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования. / The object of the research is self-actualization. The subject of the research is the features of self-actualization of young people with different levels of aspirations. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (60 sources) and an appendix that includes statistical data on the methods used. The volume of the master's thesis is 75 pages, which contain 4 figures and 12 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problematics, the goal and objectives of the research are set, the object and subject of the research are determined, the main and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and empirical base are indicated, as well as the stages of the research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of personality self-actualization. The characteristics of a self-actualizing personality are analyzed according to the approaches of different authors and a connection is made with the level of aspirations. Conclusions for the first chapter represent the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It contains a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: Self-actualization test by E. Shostrom as adapted by Yu.E. Aleshina, L. Ya. Gozman, M.V. Zagika, M.V. Croz, Assessment of the level of claims, developed by V. Gerbechevsky, A. Maslow's Pyramid of Needs test. The chapter also presents a comparative and correlation analysis of the research results. Conclusions from Chapter 2 include the main findings of the empirical study. The conclusion summarizes the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, substantiates the practical significance of the study.

This research aimed to qualititavely identify any new dimensions of job satsfaction , gender differences among black middle level managers as well as the impact of afrocentric values. Content and process theories provided the theoretical framework in the identification of determinants of job satsfaction. Semi-structured interviews were administered to eight employees in the educational and finacial sector. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data. The results indicated that no 'new' dimensions of job satisfaction were identified in the selected sample. Behaviour, perceptions and actions, however, manifested against the background of the South African political and socio-economic history, as well as highlighting the process of acculturation. Findings referred to the importance of social needs against the background of ubuntu. The role of the supervisor and the necessity of open communication in the workplace were emphasised. Language issues were highlighted as significant in the perception of exclusion in the workplace. The need for recognition of qualifications and skills against the background of affirmitive action policies was clear. Participants suggested the significance of personal development as manifested in their need for self-actualisation and self-efficacy. Gender differences were prevalent in all determinants of job satisfaction bar recognition of qualifications in the work environment. / Psychology / D.Litt. (Psy)

The purpose of this study was to examine western influence on the Muslim child and to research the possibilities of Islam for the authentic education of the South African Muslim child. The dissertation therefore focuses on the world perspectives of the Muslim child and the phenomenon education. The study examines philosophical perspectives such as the existentialphenomenological aspect, the ontologic-anthropological aspect and the fundamental pedagogical perspective of being human. A detailed account of the religion of Islam as a philosophy of life is rendered in order to explicate the self-actualization of the South African Muslim child. A study of a modern ideology, namely, Marxism, was conducted to indicate crosscurrents which occur and affect the self-actualization of the South African Muslim child. The conclusion reached is that Islam holds possibilities for the selfactualization of the South African Muslim child since it satisfies the demands of the pedagogic. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Philosophy of Education)

This dissertation focusses on pupils who do not act according to the expectations of their educators. They are restrained in their becoming actualising persons. On the basis of the description of becoming as a phenomenon, criteria are formulated in order to identify children restrained in their becoming. These children's actualisation is investigated in accordance with the criteria for adequate actualisation. By way of observation, questionnaires and personal interviews it has been empirically established that the restrained child has relational difficulties, especially with parents, and that these difficulties result in inadequate exploration, emancipation, differentiation, distantiation and objectification. One restraint can affect every area of the child's actualisation. Educators may assist the restrained child by ensuring that his basic educational needs are met. But the chief need of the child restrained in his becoming has emerged as the security and protection an adequate father-figure (all be it a teacher) provides. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Empirical Education)

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examined the role that self development can play in order to renew any aspect of life that was found to be undesirable. During the study the analogy was used of self development being the means by which to move from an undesirable departure point of the environment, whether that of the working world, or family life, or an undesirable behaviour of the individual, or the self, to a more desirable one. Life is made up of many different spheres or roles of life, and the only way that these can be improved, is by realising that change begins from within the self. In order to achieve our zenith in life is by growing, not only in the physical sense, but also in the spiritual and emotional sense and by so doing, making an impact on all the spheres of our own lives. In this way, changes and renewal can be started in other spheres, as well as in other peoples' lives too. It must be noted that the physical dimension works in synergy with the other dimensions of spirit, mental and social so it looked at the metaphysical as well, in order to show that there is an area which one does not consider it to be within our control, but must never the less be kept in mind in order to understand life and enrich our self developmental learning. Work, family, religious and social life, all create roles with their concomitant expectations and needs which interact and create a synergy that makes a person who they are. When one area is underdeveloped or even undeveloped, there is an imbalance that upsets all the other areas that may create dis-ease of some kind. The roles themselves create expectations that, if not met, cause conflict that results in stress. Self awareness requires, and causes, a rising up from the old way to a new way. It is a repositioning of the individual within the spheres of life that they choose to develop. This self development leads to a higher level of consciousness, and this was not mere self actualisation, as it encompasses more that the satisfaction of needs, but influences the lives of those whom they may wish to influence as well. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelstelling van die werkstuk is om aan die hand van 'n literatuurstudie 'n breë oorsig te gee oor die rol van selfontwikkeling in die invloede van een deel van die lewe op die ander. Daar is nie baie navorsing in hierdie verband gedoen nie. Ten einde die oorkruisendie invloede te verstaan, is dit noodsaaklik: dat die verskillende rolle ontleed word. Gevolglik word die oorsake, simptome en gevolge as self ontwikkeling nie plaasvind nie bespreek. Self ontwikkeling as vak en die rol wat dit speel in alle dele van die lewe word bespreek, asook die dinamika binne en buite werksomstandighede. Die invloed van selfontwikkeling op psigiese, fisiese en geestelike dimesies van die persoon, word aangetoon. Die afleiding kan gemaak word dat selfontwikkeling kan 'n invloed hê op alle dele van die lewe van 'n persoon en die invloed daarop kan oordraagbaar wees van een na die ander toe.

Thesis (MEdPsych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The labelling and marginalisation practices implemented and sustained by conventional methods of education and psychology motivated the research curiosity. The significance of the learner's own experiences, the learner's own meaning-making through his/her own story-telling or the stories others tell about him/her and the constituting effects of alternative identity conclusions are explored as means of creating more preferred identity conclusions In engaging in the re-tellings of a learner's experiences at home and school, a qualitative research practice has been apllied, revealing meaning-making of alternative stories. Feminist theory and post-modern ideas and discourses have assisted me, and the participant, in the deconstruction of ADHD, depression, identity and divorce which contributed to the marginalisation of a learner due to dominant discourses within culture, education and psychopathology. Narrative approaches to therapy and an ethic of participation have guided us to emphasise the necessity of recognising a learner's preferred ways of understanding his/her experiences and what that tells about the person. Pseudonyms have been used to respect the participant's privacy. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ettikettering en marginaliserende praktyke wat gebasseer en onderhou word deur konvensionele opvoedkundige en sielkundige diskoerse, het die navorsingsnuuskierigheid by my ontlok. Die beduidenheid van 'n leerder se eie ervarings en pogings tot betekenismaking deur die oorvertel van sy/haar eie stories en die aanhoor van ander se stories oor hom/haar word uitgelig. Die konstitusionerende aard van hierdie alternatiewe identiteitskonklusies word geeksploreer om meer verkose identiteitskonsepte daar te stel. Met my deelname aan die oorvertelling van die leerder se ervarings by sy huis en skool, is 'n kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering gevolg, wat die betekenismaking van alternatiewe stories kan uitlig. Feministiese teorie, postmoderne denke en diskoerse was die sleutels wat gebruik is deur my en die deelnemers, om die betekenis van ADHD, depressie, identiteit en egskeiding te ontsluit en te dekonstrueer. Die marginaliserende praktyke wat in die naam van hierdie fenomene gepleeg word binne die dominante kultuur, opvoedkundige praktyke en psigopatologie word bevraagteken. 'n Narratiewe benadering tot terapie en 'n etiek van deelname het ons gelei om die nodige erkenning aan die leerder se verkose maniere om sy ervaringe te verwoord en wat dit omtrent sy identiteit impliseer. Pseudoname is gebruik om die deelnemer se privaatheid te respekteer.

Thesis (MEdPsych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary goal with this research project was to investigate the psychosocial development of a group grade 8 boys before adolescence in terms of the four developmental crisis according to Eriksson's' theory. The study proceeded through two phases. A questionnaire investigation with a larger study group (N=221) was done in phase 1, and this (quantitative) data was analysed. Phase 2 comprised a further investigation, which took place 2 years later. Based on the results of the questionnaire investigation, a small group (N=ll) experiencing a potencial low self-consciousness was identified and focus group interviews were conducted with them. The researcher made the assumption that individuals' experiences of the first four stages of Erikson's psychosocial developmental model form the basis for later identity development during adolescence, as well as continuing personality development. Current research indicates that the total scale and two of the sub-scales ('Industry vs Inferiority' and 'Autonomy vs Shame') show sufficient reliability (Alpha-coefficients are greater than 0.70). The distributions of the sub-scales were in all cases skew to the left, which indicate that most of the scores for each sub-scale are closer to the maximum value than the minimum value. A negative measure of skewness is reported. All the sub-scales relate significantly to each other (p < 0.01). Therefore, one can conclude with relative certainty that this scale is valid. Age does not correlate significantly with any of the sub-scales (p > 0.05 in all cases), but a significant correlation was not expected given the small age variance. From the qualitative responses of phase 2 it appeared that the present level of expectations, which learners experience, is not appropriate. They would benefit from more positive feedback on their successes. The responses reflect that feedback is not always constructive, nor given in a positive, non-judgemental spirit. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel met hierdie navorsingsprojek is om ondersoek in te stel na psigososiale ontwikkeling voor adolessensie by 'n groep graad 8-seuns in terme van die eerste vier ontwikkelingskrisisse volgens Erikson se teorie. Die ondersoek het in twee fases verloop. In Fase 1 is 'n vraelysondersoek met 'n groter ondersoekgroep (N=221) gedoen, en hierdie (kwantitatiewe) data is verwerk. Fase 2 het twee jaar later uit 'n verdere ondersoek bestaan. vraelysondersoek verkry is, Op grond van die resultate wat uit die is 'n klein ondersoekgroep (N=ll) geïdentifiseer wat 'n lae fokusgroeponderhoude gevoer is. selfbelewing ervaar, met wie Die ondersoeker het van die veronderstelling uitgegaan dat individue se belewing van die eerste vier fases van Erikson se psigososiale ontwikkelingsmodel die basis vorm vir latere identiteitsontwikkeling tydens adolessensie asook vir verdere persoonlikheidsontwikkeling. Die huidige navorsing dui daarop dat die totale skaal en twee van die subskale ('Arbeidsaamheid vs Minderwaardigheid' en 'Outonomie vs Skaamte') oor voldoende betroubaarheid beskik (Alfa-koëffisiënte is groter as 0.70). Die verspreiding van die subskaaltellings is in alle gevalle skeef na links, wat beteken dat die meerderheid tellings vir elke subskaal nader aan die maksimumwaarde as aan die minimumwaarde lê. 'n Negatiewe maatstaf van skeefheid word gerapporteer. AI die subskale hou beduidend met mekaar verband (p < 0.01). Dus kan daar met redelike sekerheid die gevolgtrekking gemaak word dat hierdie skaal geldig is. Ouderdom hou nie beduidend verband met enige van die subskale nie (p > 0.05 in alle gevalle), maar 'n beduidende korrelasie is nie verwag nie as gevolg van die klein ouderdomsvariansie. Vanuit Fase 2 se kwalitatiewe response wil dit voorkom asof die leerders se huidige vlak van uitdagings wat aan hulle gestel word nie toepaslik is nie. Hulle sou kon baat vind by meer positiewe terugvoer ten opsigte van hul suksesse. Terugvoer blyk uit die response nie altyd konstruktief en in 'n positiewe, nie-veroordelende gees te wees nie.

The purpose of this study was to examine western influence on the Muslim child and to research the possibilities of Islam for the authentic education of the South African Muslim child. The dissertation therefore focuses on the world perspectives of the Muslim child and the phenomenon education. The study examines philosophical perspectives such as the existentialphenomenological aspect, the ontologic-anthropological aspect and the fundamental pedagogical perspective of being human. A detailed account of the religion of Islam as a philosophy of life is rendered in order to explicate the self-actualization of the South African Muslim child. A study of a modern ideology, namely, Marxism, was conducted to indicate crosscurrents which occur and affect the self-actualization of the South African Muslim child. The conclusion reached is that Islam holds possibilities for the selfactualization of the South African Muslim child since it satisfies the demands of the pedagogic. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Philosophy of Education)

This study has been undertaken to investigate the impact of group discussion upon sociometric status, selfactualization, and number of stated problems with respect to student nurses. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine whether group discussion will enhance sociometric status of student nurses, (2) to determine whether group discussion will positively affect self-actualization of student nurses, (3) to determine whether group discussion will lessen the number of stated problems of student nurses, and (4) to examine the group process and interaction of the group discussion sessions.