This paper addresses the self-management processes of change, referring to a series of processes that take place in education centers undergoing change. The perspective from which the approach is proposed is educational management. The evidences integrated into the document are the result of a study conducted in Uruguay, which involved seven primary, secondary, and technical schools. The approach used has been the study of multiple cases with the intention of analyzing the phenomenon in specific contexts, integrating the possibility of studying it from a global perspective. The overall objective was to achieve greater understanding of the self-evaluation and change processes in schools. Within the specific objectives we highlight: to identify the possible links between self-assessment and decision making / Este trabajo aborda los procesos de autogestión del cambio, haciendo alusión a una serie de procesos que se desarrollan en centros educativos en fase de cambio. La perspectiva desde la cual se propone su abordaje es la gestión educativa. Las evidencias integradas al documento, son el resultado de un estudio desarrollado en Uruguay, que involucró a siete centros de educación primaria, media y técnica. El abordaje utilizado ha sido el estudio de casos múltiples con la intención de analizar el fenómeno en contextos específicos, integrando la posibilidad de estudiarlo desde una perspectiva global. El objetivo general fue lograr mayor comprensión sobre los procesos de autoevaluación y cambio en centros educativos. Entre los objetivos específicos destacamos el de identificar posibles vinculaciones entre la autoevaluación y la toma de decisiones

Na tentativa de compreender como ocorre um processo de autogestão no cotidiano, este estudo parte da abordagem metodológica da Teoria Ator-Rede para acompanhar as atividades de uma cooperativa de trabalho. Sem definições prévias, nem quadro teórico pré-estabelecido, descreve como a autogestão se constrói e é construída nas práticas do dia-a-dia e como é enactada através da articulação de diversos elementos heterogêneos. Considerando humanos e não-humanos como actantes na apresentação de uma experiência autogestionária em que movimentações, relações, tensões, híbridos estão em um constante organizando. Para a Teoria Ator-Rede realidades são enactadas no limite da noção de rede, sendo assim, pode-se questionar: qual a participação da Administração nessa construção? / In order to understand how the process of autogestion happens, this research, in agreement with the methodological approach of the Actor-Network Theory, follows the activities of a work cooperative. Without previous definitions neither a predetermined theory framework, the research describes how the autogestion is constructs and is constructed within day-to-day practices and how is enacted through the articulation of different heterogeneous elements. Considering humans and nohumans as actants in an autogestionary experience in which movements, relations, tensions and hybrids are in constantly organizing. Actor-Network Theory suggests that realities are enacted in the bound of network concept, so, it is possible to ask: what is the participation of the Management in this construction?

Este estudo foi realizado junto a um grupo de nove famílias de um assentamento do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), em Rondônia. Estas famílias organizam o trabalho e a vida de forma coletiva há mais de dez anos, em torno do Grupo Coletivo 14 de Agosto. Teve como objetivo compreender as vicissitudes do processo organizativo cotidiano desta experiência e os sentidos de trabalho e de vida que vem sendo construídos a partir dela. De inspiração etnográfica, essa pesquisa tomou o cotidiano como horizonte de visibilidade que permitiu entender o processo de coletivização. O cotidiano é entendido enquanto o espaço onde se dá a vida e a ação social (SATO & SOUZA, 2001; SPINK, 2008). Composto basicamente por militantes do MST e do Movimento dos Pequenos Agricultores (MPA), já nos primeiros anos de acampamento estas famílias começaram a desenvolver práticas de cooperação agrícola e reciprocidade. Depois de significativos experimentos, o grupo resolveu coletivizar definitivamente a terra e trabalhar em sistema de autogestão em todos os setores de produção agrícola. Para dar concretude a essa proposta, sentiram necessidade de coletivizar também parte do trabalho doméstico, passando a ter uma cozinha coletiva. Orientados por uma matriz camponesa e agroecológica, terras, trabalho e cozinha (enquanto espaço de sociabilidade e de trabalho) compõem o tripé que sustenta diariamente a existência do Grupo Coletivo 14 de Agosto. Terras para trabalhar, trabalho livre e associado e a reorganização da vida em torno de uma sociabilidade construída a partir de uma vivência coletiva anticapitalista. Trata-se, nesse sentido, de uma experiência contra-hegemônica que disputa os sentidos da vida e do trabalho na sociedade capitalista por meio de um projeto político profundamente enraizado no cotidiano / This study was carried out among a group of nine families of a settlement of the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST ), in Rondônia. These families organize work and life collectively for over ten years around the \"Group Collective August 14\". Aimed at understanding the vicissitudes of everyday organizational process this experience and ways of work and life has been built from it. Inspired in ethnography, this research took everyday life as a horizon of visibility that allowed to understand the process of collectivization. Everyday life is understood as the space where life and social action happens ( SATO & SOUZA , 2001; SPINK , 2008) . Composed primarily by MST militants and the Small Farmers Movement (MPA), since early in camp these families have begun to develop practical agricultural cooperation and reciprocity. After significant experimentations, the group decided definitely collectivize the land and work on self-management in all sectors of work. To give concreteness to this proposal, also felt the need to collectivize domestic work, going to have a collective kitchen. Guided by a matrix and agroecological peasant, land, work and kitchen (as a space of sociability and work) make up the tripod that supports the daily existence of the \"Group Collective August 14\". Lands to work, free and associated labor and the reorganization of life around a sociability constructed from an anti-capitalist collective experience. It is, accordingly, an experience counter-hegemonic that fights the way of life and work in capitalist society through a political project deeply rooted in the everyday life

O presente estudo tem por objeto a organização do trabalhador do setor habitacional da Construção Civil em cooperativas de trabalho. Partimos dos pressupostos do cooperativismo - constituição democrática, autogestão, vantagens fiscais em relação a outros tipos de empresa e predileção do Estado prevista em lei -, para compreender quais características do modo de produção capitalista do setor interferem na formação, organização do trabalho e inserção no mercado das cooperativas de trabalhadores. Para tanto, buscamos compreender as razões da formação e da manutenção de uma base manufatureira de produção no setor - pautada na divisão intelectual e na precarização do trabalho e suas possíveis influências e distorções na organização do trabalho no sentido original de uma cooperativa. Também analisamos a atual organização do mercado de trabalho - marcada pela sub-contratação, terceirização de serviços e conseqüente suspensão de direitos trabalhistas adquiridos - buscando entender como o capital tem se utilizado das cooperativas e de seus princípios organizacionais. Por fim, levantamos possibilidades emancipadoras do trabalhador cooperativado na Construção Civil, bem como o papel que caberia ao arquiteto nesse processo. / The object of this study is the organization of the labour force of the house building sector in cooperatives. We started with the principles of cooperative work democratic constitution, self management, lower taxes than in other enterprises, and State support established by law -, to understand which characteristics of the capitalist mode of production interfere with the formation and the organization of labour and the insertion of the cooperatives in the market. To this effect, we sought to understand the reasons of the formation and upkeep of a production basis in manufacture of this sector based on the intectual division and precarious nature of labour and their eventual influences and distortions in labour organization in the original sense of a cooperative. We also analised the current organization of the labour market wrought by sub-contracting, outsourcing and consequent suspension of labour rights trying to understand how capital uses the cooperatives and its principles. Finally, we surveyed the emancipatory possibilities of cooperative work in the building industry, as well as the role Architects in this process.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MEd (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Intervening early in the course of psychotic illness (e.g. schizophrenia) may significantly improve prospects for the recovery, both in medical and psychosocial terms, of the individuals who experience these conditions. Engaging such individuals in care, however, remains a challenge. One barrier to engagement is lack of insight, or the low illness awareness that is considered to be a typical characteristic of people who experience psychotic illnesses, particularly in their early phases. The dominant view of this phenomenon is that it is primarily related to the illness itself and thus is biologically based. There is reason to believe, however, that understanding the psychosis experience is also an interpretive process, and that the meaning of this experience for the individual arises out of dialogue between the person, mental health professionals and significant others. There is also reason to believe that the relationship between insight and recovery may not be as straightforward as presumed. While the dominant view sees insight as a crucial condition for recovery, emerging evidence suggests that insight once gained may lead to depression and demoralization. Insight thus may be understood as an interpretive, dialogical process that is fundamentally narrative in nature, the consequences of which may be divergent. Using qualitative methods (constructivist grounded theory complemented by narrative analysis), the present study sought to understand the process by which insight developed in early psychosis, and sought to explore the relationship between insight and the early stages of illness management and recovery, as reflected by the written and oral accounts of twelve individuals who were within the first three years of illness. Overall, the results suggest that insight development in early psychosis can be conceptualized as the process of coming to an acceptable, adaptive explanation. More specifically, the results first of all suggest that insight development involves finding or negotiating an account of illness that fits or can be accommodated with the individual’s own story of the psychosis experience. The process also involves finding an account of illness and its treatment that can be envisioned as a helpful rather than disruptive aspect of the individual’s future biography. / Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies / Graduate

Introduction: The global burden of diabetes can be minimised by interventions focusing on the control of glucose levels. Effective self-management and quality of care have improved diabetes outcomes such as glycaemic levels. However, few studies directly evaluate the relative importance of individual aspects of self-management and quality of care on glycaemic control. Therefore, I evaluated the individual contribution and relative importance of specific aspects of self-management and quality of care on the glycaemic control of Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted. Consecutive patients were recruited from the waiting rooms in five primary care practices in the city of Aguascalientes, Mexico (from December 2009 to April 2010). These practices are part of the largest social security institution in Mexico (the Mexican Institute for Social Security). Predictors of glycaemic control were measured from medical records and interviews with patients at baseline. Self-management was measured using four questionnaires: the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ-24), the Medical Prescription Knowledge Questionnaire (MPKQ), the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), and the Diabetes Self Efficacy Scale. Quality of care was measured using three questionnaires and by extracting data from medical records to evaluate an index of continuity of care (MMCI) and treatment intensification. The questionnaires used were the continuity of care scale from the General Practice Assessment Questionnaire (GPAQ), the Patient–Doctor Communication Scale (PDCS), and the Patient Satisfaction with Diabetes Care scale (PSDC). Glycaemic control (HbA1c levels) was measured at two time points: baseline and six month follow-up. The main analysis was a multivariate regression model with HbA1c at six-month follow-up as the dependent variable and with self-management and quality of care as predictors and demographic and clinical factors as covariates. A secondary analysis considered the interaction between self-management and quality of care in the prediction of HbA1c at six-month follow-up using a multivariate regression model including HbA1c at baseline in the model. Results: The multivariate linear regression model, that included all variables, was significant and explained 36 % of the variance (P <0.01). Patients had lower HbA1c at follow-up if they had lower levels of HbA1c at baseline, received care at one particular practice in the city, had diabetes of shorter duration, and were prescribed monotherapy. When HbA1c at baseline was removed from the model it explained 14% of the variance (P <0.01). Practice and medical prescription remained significant. In addition, lower levels of HbA1c at follow-up were related to the patient undergoing appropriate treatment intensification by their general practitioner. In the secondary analysis, the interaction showed that if treatment was not intensified, good self-managers had lower HbA1c (P <0.01) but if treatment was intensified, the level of self-management had no effect. Conclusions: Treatment intensification was the main predictor of lower HbA1c levels at follow-up. Although none of the self-management predictors was significantly related to HbA1c, an exploratory analysis of self-management/quality of care interactions showed that patients who did not receive treatment intensification but performed more self-management behaviours had lower HbA1c levels at follow-up.

In the health psychology literature there has been a proliferation of research linking forms of self-attention to psychological distress, especially to depression. The broad conclusion that self-attention is harmful, however, challenges the central premise of self-regulation theory - a theory detailing the role of self-attention as the engine of an adaptive regulating system that enables people to achieve their goals. In an attempt to reconcile these perspectives, I conducted two studies to distinguish the forms and states of self-attention that serve an adaptive self-regulation function from those that create a vulnerability to depression. Both studies included a pretest and a daily diary component. Participants were pretested on trait self-attention, trait negative affectivity (Study 1), depression (Study 2), and a goal inventory. Study 2 included a follow-up session where participants again completed the depression inventory. For the diary component, participants described and rated the most negative event they experienced during the rating period (twice daily for 2 weeks in Study 1; once daily for 4 weeks in Study 2). Diary self-report measures of self-attention included: level of rumination (Study 1), initial self-analysis (Study 2), and multi-day-protracted attention (Study 2). After the diaries were completed, participants' event descriptions were coded for goal-relevance and level of self-focused attention (SFA). Consistent with self-regulation theory, participants' goal-related events elicited stronger self-attentional responses (higher levels of SFA, rumination, initial self-analysis, and protracted attention) than did their goal-unrelated events. These within-person effects were not moderated by the pretest measures, nor did they predict levels of emotional distress. Thus, in daily life it appears to be typical and not harmful for people to respond to goal-setbacks by engaging in elevated levels of introspection, self-analysis, and even negative, symptom-focused rumination. With respect to individual differences, people higher in pretest rumination and in chronic daily rumination, initial self-analysis and protracted attention experienced higher levels of emotional distress. Chronic daily levels of initial self-analysis and rumination predicted emotional distress after controlling for pretest levels of distress. Thus, self-attention appears to create a vulnerability to depression only when people have chronic difficulty containing initial levels of self-analysis and rumination in response to negative events. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

This thesis aims to elaborate a case study of self-managed factories, which has been emerging in Argentina after the economic crisis in 2001. Mainly the conflictive origin, organization, role of the state and the dynamics of the movement of self-managed factories is discussed. This paper is based on European tradition of social movements' analysis and seeks to characterize movement of Argentine self-managed factories as so called old or new social movement. This dividing line will ultimately prove to be problematic.

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a preclerkship elective and assess its effectiveness in supplementing medical students' education. Methods: A group of medical students under the guidance of two faculty advisors developed an elective consisting of six sessions covering a variety of practical aspects of diabetes care/education taught by an interprofessional team. Following the course completion, a survey was emailed to the enrollees who attended at least one session. The results were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and descriptive analyses. Results: A total of 14 medical students were enrolled (nine first year and five second year). An average of 4.4 sessions/student was attended. Thirteen students attended at least one session and were surveyed. The survey response rate was similar to 62% (8/13). All eight students indicated that the course was valuable and would recommend it to their colleagues. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a statistically significant increase in students' confidence in all five areas assessed following participation in the course, P<0.05 with a large effect (r>0.5). Conclusion: This study suggests the feasibility of developing disease state-specific preclerkship elective courses and that such courses can be beneficial in supplementing medical student education with practical knowledge.