The dissertation investigates definiteness marking in two typologically diverse languages — Lithuanian which is an articleless language and has a partially grammaticalized marking of definiteness and Danish which has a fully developed system of definiteness markers. The aim of the thesis is to compare Lithuanian definiteness markers — definite adjectival forms and emergent articles — to definiteness markers of article languages (Danish, English, etc.). The following methods of analysis were applied in the dissertation: contrastive analysis, L. Hjelmslev’s commutation test and semantic map method. Besides the contrastive perspective, the dissertation also has a typological perspective with the aim of determining the universal usage types of definiteness markers and considering definiteness marking in Lithuanian and Danish in a typological context. The Semantic Map of Lithuanian Definite Adjectivals and the Semantic Map of Definiteness Markers in Danish, which were drawn in the thesis, help to highlight the similarities and differences of definiteness marking in Lithuanian and Danish. In the dissertation, it is argued that the pronominal morpheme –jis, –ji contained in the definite adjectival form can be regarded as a formal marker of definiteness in Lithuanian since in all cases this morpheme marks the definiteness of a noun phrase, whether it is definiteness on the level of individual reference or definiteness on the level of type (taxonomic) reference. The demonstrative tas... [to full text] / Disertacijoje tyrinėjama apibrėžtumo raiška dviejose tipologiniu požiūriu skirtingose kalbose — lietuvių kalboje, kuri yra neartikelinė ir turi mažai sugramatintą apibrėžtumo raišką, ir danų kalboje, turinčioje išplėtotą apibrėžtumo rodiklių sistemą. Disertacijos tikslas yra palyginti lietuvių kalbos apibrėžtumo rodiklius — apibrėžiamuosius būdvardžius ir gramatėjančius demonstratyvus (artroidus) — su artikelinių kalbų (danų, anglų ir kt.) apibrėžtumo rodikliais. Disertacijoje naudojamasi kontrastyvinės analizės metodu, Hjelmslevo komutacijos testu ir semantinio žemėlapio metodu. Šalia kontrastyvinės pasirinkta ir tipologinė perspektyva siekiant nustatyti universalius apibrėžtumo rodiklių vartosenos tipus, taip pat įvertinti lietuvių bei danų kalbų apibrėžtumo raišką tipologiniame kontekste. Sudaryti lietuvių kalbos apibrėžiamųjų būdvardžių ir danų kalbos apibrėžtumo rodiklių semantiniai žemėlapiai padeda išryškinti apibrėžtumo raiškos šiose kalbose panašumus bei skirtumus. Disertacijoje teigiama, kad įvardžiuotinės būdvardžio formos įvardinė morfema –jis, –ji lietuvių kalboje pagrįstai gali būti laikoma formaliu daiktavardinės frazės apibrėžtumo rodikliu, nes ši morfema visais atvejais žymi daiktavardinės frazės apibrėžtumą, kuris gali būti tiek individo referencijos, tiek tipo (taksonominės) referencijos lygmens. Besiformuojančiu apibrėžtumo rodikliu lietuvių kalboje gali būti laikomi gramatėjantys demonstratyvai (artroidai) tas, ta.

In order to respect cultural identity (i.e. to preserve the existing identity and to reveal its potential) the information regarding the particular identity should be considered during the preparation of a particular project. However, as the estimation of the present situation shows, in urban design, the information about the individual characteristics has not yet been formalized to a necessary degree. Architects should consider the possibilities offered by new information technologies (i.e. digital models of localities and database included into the so-called GIS – Geographical Information Systems) both for the determination of the locus’ cultural identity and for its respectation. Obviously, the orientation toward the application of the formalized information models of locus is purposeful. Although the majority of the authors claim that the environmental design should necessarily involve the estimation of the context and consideration of the local factors affecting the structural intention, they do not introduce clear instrumental tools and do not reveal sufficiently how to embody it in practice. The term identity is often employed to define the essential features of localities and architectural objects, which should be preserved and protected, in a word, respected. Locality is the concept pointing to both natural and relative territorial units of various types that are significant in relevant architectural contexts. The term identity is accompanied by the word cultural in... [to full text]

In order to respect cultural identity (i.e. to preserve the existing identity and to reveal its potential) the information regarding the particular identity should be considered during the preparation of a particular project. However, as the estimation of the present situation shows, in urban design, the information about the individual characteristics has not yet been formalized to a necessary degree. Architects should consider the possibilities offered by new information technologies (i.e. digital models of localities and database included into the so-called GIS – Geographical Information Systems) both for the determination of the locus’ cultural identity and for its respectation. Obviously, the orientation toward the application of the formalized information models of locus is purposeful. Although the majority of the authors claim that the environmental design should necessarily involve the estimation of the context and consideration of the local factors affecting the structural intention, they do not introduce clear instrumental tools and do not reveal sufficiently how to embody it in practice. The term identity is often employed to define the essential features of localities and architectural objects, which should be preserved and protected, in a word, respected. Locality is the concept pointing to both natural and relative territorial units of various types that are significant in relevant architectural contexts. The term identity is accompanied by the word cultural in... [to full text]

Sąvoka kompiuterių virusas gyvuoja nuo 1984 m., tačiau net ir praėjus trims dešimtmečiams lietuvių kalboje ji vis dar nėra pakankamai diferencijuota, tebėra painiojama su kitomis kompiuterių saugumui priskiriamomis sąvokomis, dažniausiai kirminu ir Trojos arkliu. Iki šiol nebuvo atlikta išsamių lingvistinių nagrinėjamos sąvokos ir jos žymiklio tyrimų lietuvių kalba. Šios disertacijos tikslas – aprašyti sąvokos kompiuterių virusas semantinį lauką, kurio pagrindas yra termino kompiuterių virusas mikrosistema. Tirta 919 Symantec kompiuterių grėsmių banke Threat Explorer paskelbtų kompiuterių grėsmių aprašų su žyma Virus, Threat Explorer partnerių terminografiniai ištekliai ir Lietuvoje nuo 1984 m. iki 2006 m. išleisti kompiuterijos terminų žodynai bei tuo pačiu laikotarpiu paskelbti analitiniai straipsniai apie kompiuterijos leksiką Lietuvos mokslo leidiniuose. Sąvokos raidai įvertinti įtraukta papildomų terminografinių išteklių lietuvių ir prancūzų kalbomis. Visi surinkti terminologiniai duomenys apie nagrinėjamos sąvokos semantinį lauką, kurį šiame darbe sudaro 177 sąvokos, tirti taikant šiuos metodus: lyginamąjį, aprašomąjį, komponentinės analizės ir aukštynkryptės analizės metodais. Tyrimo metu paaiškėjo, kad disertacijoje nagrinėjamos sąvokos semantinį lauką dėl jį sudarančių sąvokų tarpusavio hierarchinių santykių galima gana tiksliai apibrėžti. Toks semantinių laukų teorijos taikymas terminologiniams duomenims, iš kurių svarbiausiu laikoma intensinė termino apibrėžtis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The concept “computer virus” has been in existence since 1984. However despite the fact that almost 30 years have passed, it is not properly defined in Lithuanian sources and is still confused with other concepts tied to computer security, most often with concepts such as “worms” and “Trojan horses.” There has never been comprehensive linguistic research carried out on this concept and its signifier in Lithuanian. The aim of this dissertation is to describe the semantic field of the concept “computer virus,” the basis of which is the microsystem of the term “computer virus.” The following was used for the research: a total of 919 computer threat descriptions included in the Symantec computer threat bank that are tagged virus, the terminographical resources of Threat Explorer partners and computer terminology dictionaries published in Lithuania from 1984 to 2006 as well as analytical articles about computer terminology in Lithuanian scientific journals during the same period. Additional terminographical resources in Lithuanian and French are included in the research to assess and analyze the development of this concept. All of the terminological date that was collected concerning the semantic field of the concept in question (comprised of 177 concepts in this work) was analysed using the following methods: the comparative method, descriptive method, componential analysis and uplink analysis. As the research was carried out, it became clear that the semantic field of the... [to full text]

Data storing semantic technologies separate it from applications code and gives availability for computers as well as people understand and share semantics in real time. These technologies also enable to add new data source or link between software applications as easy as to draw new link in the model. Unfortunately these technologies are yet not developed and popular as we could notice strong benefits of them in daily life. Introduction of semantic search system is an attempt to show the strong points of semantic technologies. Semantic search is more precise because of its opportunities to narrow handled domain down, it gives more exact result than usual, keyword based search. This advantage is clearly shown when database is very large and is filled with plenty of data. It also gives possibility to retrieve results from multiple distant data sources and form custom or predefined result sets as a central hub for some data domain. Automatic ontology generation based on database schema and metadata is suggested in this work. Such solution ensures that semantic search, which uses generated ontology, serves up-to-date search services even when structure of database is changed.