Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Tooth discoloration has increased the demand by patients to pursue aesthetic treatment options. Bleaching is considered a conservative approach in performing an aesthetic treatment for discolored teeth; however colour rebound and post-operative sensitivity are among the adverse effects associated with vital bleaching. In-office bleaching systems employ the use of high hydrogen peroxide concentrations. The effects of in-office bleaching agents on the degree of colour change and the gender differences in relation to bleaching outcomes are questionable. Post-operative sensitivity can be considered a bleaching side effect and the number of patients that experience it is unknown.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of an in-office vital bleaching technique. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the degree of colour change after vital tooth bleaching using a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (Yotuel® Special, Biocosmetics Laboratories, Spain), using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d Konica, Minolta) to measure the colour change at each intervention during the bleaching process, to assess the post-operative sensitivity during the first week of the intervention, to evaluate the patients' perception of the colour change and to compare it to the colour change (ΔE) expressed in numeric values and to investigate whether gender differences exist in relation to the outcome of the bleaching procedure. Materials and Methods: The maxillary anterior teeth of 22 patients comprising of 11 males and 11 females were bleached with a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (Yotuel® Special, Biocosmetics Laboratories, Spain). Pre-treatment readings of the two maxillary central incisors using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d Konica, Minolta) were obtained. Subsequent readings were obtained after scaling and polishing, before bleaching (which was used as a baseline reading), immediately after bleaching, one week and one month post-operatively. Patients were requested to complete a form regarding post-operative tooth sensitivity and their colour perception toward the bleaching treatment. Results: The quantitative effect of the bleaching material on tooth colour showed an increase in L* values and a decrease in a* and b* values, the changes were significant (p values ≤ 0.05) except for the mean value of b* one month after bleaching which was only significant between five and ten percent.The mean values of colour change measured as ΔE between baseline and after bleaching was found to be 3.4 which did not exceed the visible colour change perceptible clinically at a difference of 3.7 units according to the literature. However nine patients exceeded the visible clinical colour change immediately after bleaching. There was no gender difference in the ΔE values in the entire bleaching process. Tooth sensitivity is considered a bleaching side effect and in this study sensitivity was traced until the fifth day after bleaching. The mean value of patients' tooth sensitivity was found to be 1.73 in the first day on a 4 point visual analog scale. The mean value of patients' colour perception was found to be 2.14 immediately after bleaching on a 3 point visual analog scale. Spearman correlation tests showed a positive relationship between ΔE values immediately and one week after bleaching and a weak relationship one week and one month after bleaching. There was significant consistency in the patients‟ colour perception data immediately and one week after the bleaching process and a weak relationship between ΔE values and patients' colour perception one month after bleaching. Conclusion: Yotuel® Special, Biocosmetics Laboratories, (Spain) an in-office bleaching material consisting of 35% hydrogen peroxide was able to bleach patients' teeth with a perceptible colour change however the chalky white teeth desired were not obtained for all the patients. Tooth sensitivity was a temporary side effect.

The Malliavin-Thalmaier formula was introduced for simulation of high dimensional probability density functions. But when this integration by parts formula is applied directly in computer simulations, we show that it is unstable. We propose an approximation to the Malliavin-Thalmaier formula. In this paper, we find the order of the bias and the variance of the approximation error. And we obtain an explicit Malliavin-Thalmaier formula for the calculation of Greeks in finance. The weights obtained are free from the curse of dimensionality.

Orientador: Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T08:06:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa_IsabelFerreira_M.pdf: 17100621 bytes, checksum: 989f3c819b4db9c4a6cb6fec6d487a59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O objetivo neste estudo, duplo cego de "boca-dividida", foi avaliar, clinicamente, o efeito de dois agentes dessensibilizantes utilizados previamente à aplicação de um gel clareador, a base de peróxido de hidrogênio a 35%, com relação a sensibilidade dental, e se os mesmos interferem na efetividade do clareamento. Para isso foram consideradas duas hipóteses: os géis dessensilizantes iriam reduzir a sensibilidade decorrente do clareamento; os géis dessensibilizantes não iriam influenciar a eficácia do clareamento. Foram utilizados dois agentes dessensibilizantes com diferentes mecanismos de ação, o Flúor Neutro 2% (Flugel, DFL) (FN) que atua através do bloqueio dos canalículos dentinários enquanto o Nitrato de Potássio 5% com Fluoreto de Sódio 2% (Desensibilize KF 2%, FGM) (NP) que atua na transmissão nervosa e no bloqueio. Foram selecionados 30 pacientes, os quais receberam os quatro tratamentos, dois dessensibilizantes e dois placebos, divididos, aleatoriamente, por quadrante. O gel dessensibilizante NP e seu respectivo placebo foram aplicados durante 10 minutos em uma arcada enquanto o gel de FN e seu respectivo placebo foram aplicados por 4 minutos na outra arcada, com o cuidado para que a substância em gel permanecesse nos dentes de cada quadrante. Os dessensibilizantes foram utilizados no inicio de cada sessão, previamente à aplicação do peróxido de hidrogênio 35%. Para o clareamento foram realizadas 3 sessões clinicas, com intervalo de 7 dias entre as mesmas, havendo 3 aplicações do gel clareador por 15 minutos, totalizando 45min por sessão. Os pacientes utilizaram escala analógica de dor de 0-4 para relatarem a sensibilidade, sendo 0 = nenhuma dor, 1 = correspondente a uma dor leve, 2 = moderada, 3 = considerável e 4 = dor intensa. Antes do início de cada sessão, a cor foi registrada de forma objetiva com a utilização de espectrofotômetro (Easyshade, Vident), com o auxilio de uma matriz de silicone para que a medida da cor fosse feita sempre na mesma posição. A variação de cor (?E) foi submetida a ANOVA casual e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A sensibilidade dental foi avaliada através de ANOVA em esquema fatorial (4x6), sendo que os fatores estudados foram dessensibilizantes e tempo. Dois pacientes desistiram após a primeira sessão de clareamento devido a grande intensidade de dor, e não foram considerados para análise estatística. A alteração de cor após a terceira semana de clareamento apresentou diferença significativa em relação a cor obtida na primeira semana. A intensidade de dor foi estatisticamente significante para os fatores tempo e dessensibilizante, mas não para a interação entre os mesmos. O NP apresentou redução da intensidade de dor quando comparado ao seu placebo, porém a aplicação de FN não diferiu do seu placebo. Com relação ao tempo, a intensidade de dor foi menor durante o clareamento do que nas semanas entre os tratamentos. Pôde-se concluir que a utilização do dessensibilizante a base de nitrato de potássio a 5% e fluoreto de sódio a 2%, aplicado previamente ao clareamento, reduziu a intensidade da sensibilidade dolorosa durante a aplicação do gel clareador, sem alterar a efetividade do clareamento / Abstract: This double blind split-mouth study clinically evaluated the effect of desensitizing agents previously to in-office dental bleaching, evaluating pain intensity and if the desensitizing agents influence the effectiveness of tooth whitening. For this, two following hypotheses were postulated: the desensitizing agent will reduce the soreness resulting from tooth whitening and the desensitizing agent will have no influence on the effectiveness of tooth whitening. The desensitizing agents utilize two mechanisms. Neutral Fluoride 2% (FN) (Flugel, DFL) act obliterate the dentin tubules, and the Potassium Nitrate with 2% sodium fluoride (NP) (Desensibilize KF 2%, FGM) act by blockage of pulp enervation reduction nociceptor sensorial excitability. In total, 30 volunteers were evaluated, and witch one received the four groups of studying, two desensitizing agents and two placebo, randomly distributed between the quadrant. The desensitizing agent corresponding to each group was applied (NP and Placebo I for 10 minutes; FN and Placebo II for 4 minutes) in each arch, with carefully for each substance remained in their quadrant. The desensitizing agents was applied before the bleaching procedure with hydrogen peroxide 35%. Tree sessions was performed for the bleaching, with one week interval between sessions. The gel remained in contact with the teeth for 15 minutes, and was performed three times at each session result in in 45 minutes per session. To evaluate dental sensitivity it was utilizing a numerical scale with intensity scores that ranged from 0 to 4 (0 = no sensitivity, 1 = light sensitivity, 2 = moderate sensitivity, 3 = considerable sensitivity and 4 = intense sensitivity). The color evaluation was performed by an objective analysis utilizing a spectrophotometer (Easyshade, Vivadent) and was made before witch session, with a silicon guide to evaluate the color at different times at the same place. The color variation (?E) were submitted to an analysis of one way variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test (p<0,05). Pain intensity was submitted to a two-way ANOVA analysis (time and desensitizing agent). Two of the patients discontinued treatment due to hypersensitivity, and they aren¿t including in the statistical analises. The desensitizing products used before the treatment did not influence the final treatment efficacy. The diference of colors ate the third week was significantly different from que diference colors obtained ate the fish week of bleaching. For painful sensations during the treatments a significant difference for desensitizing agent and time was demonstrated, but the interaction of the two factors was not significant. The Tukey test indicated differences between NP and the Placebo I, but there was no significant difference between neutral FN and the placebo II. The pain intensity was lower with the use of the gel during the bleaching compared to the days after treatment, regardless of the desensitizing agent being used. It can be concluded that 5% potassium nitrate with sodium fluoride 2%, applied before in-office bleaching can reduced sensitivity intensity and the use of desensitizing gel prior to bleaching does not alter the effectiveness of whitening / Mestrado / Dentística / Mestra em Clínica Odontológica

Nowadays, as oil industry gradually moves towards deep sea fields with water depth more than 1000 meters, they are subjected to several threats which can cause failure of the pipeline, of which the accidentally-dropped objects have become the leading external risk factor for subsea developments. In this thesis, a sample field layout introduced in Det Norske Veritas (DNV) guide rules is selected as the study case with 100 m water depth. Six different groups of dropped objects are used in this paper. The conditional hit probability for long/flat shaped objects will be calculated with the methods from both DNV rules and an in-house tool Dropped Objects Simulator (DROBS). The difference between the results will be discussed. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis on mass, collision area , the volume, added mass coefficient and drag coefficient of the objects are calculated.

This paper was published in Nature 2009 Aug 13;460(7257):904-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08240. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v460/n7257/full/nature08240.html / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第12855号 / 論医博第2085号 / 新制||医||1006(附属図書館) / 31535 / (主査)教授 髙折 晃史, 教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 岩井 一宏 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Interoceptive sensitivity (IS) is the ability to feel one’s own bodilysignals accurately. The connection between IS, emotional processingand consecutive behavior is a popular research topic. In this study, Itried to replicate a study by Piech and colleagues from 2017. Theoriginal study reported on a correlation between strong IS and beingmore altruistic. In this replication attempt, I used the same methodologyas in the original study; a dictator game as a measure of altruistictendencies and a heartbeat detection task as a measure of IS. However,I did not find a relationship between strong IS and being more altruistic.An analysis of the new data indicates that a minor methodologicaldifference for this replication - using a purely hypothetical dictatorgame - resulted in a generally larger amount of money given away inthe test. This complicates interpretation, since this new result can beinterpreted either as resulting from individual differences in respondingto a hypothetical game (as compared to a real game), or from an actualnull relationship found between IS and altruism. The strength of therelationship reported in the original study is still questioned, afterarguments are made that the data in replicating most favorably supportthe null relationship being a valid estimate.

No description available.

Reliable forecasting of wind power generation is crucial to optimal control of costs in generation of electricity with respect to the electricity demand. Here, we propose and analyze stochastic wind power forecast models described by parametrized stochastic differential equations, which introduce appropriate fluctuations in numerical forecast outputs. We use an approximate maximum likelihood method to infer the model parameters taking into account the time correlated sets of data. Furthermore, we study the validity and sensitivity of the parameters for each model. We applied our models to Uruguayan wind power production as determined by historical data and corresponding numerical forecasts for the period of March 1 to May 31, 2016.

This repeated-measures study evaluated the relative sensitivity to change of the Child Behavior Checklist/6-18 (CBCL/6-18), the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2), and the Youth Outcome Questionnaire-2.01 (Y-OQ-2.01). Participants were recruited from Valley Mental Health, a community outpatient clinic in Salt Lake City, UT. There were 178 participants for 136 cases, with 134 adults and 44 adolescents. Participants provided two through five data points for a total of 548 data points. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was conducted for three major comparisons: adult informants, adult and adolescent dyads, and adolescents. Results indicated the Y-OQ-2.01 was the most change sensitive, while the BASC-2 and CBCL/6-18 were not statistically different from each other. Results also showed that the parent-report measures were more change-sensitive than the self-report measures completed by adolescent informants. Sensitivity to change was also evaluated through the reliable change index (RCI) and the use of cut-off scores. In comparisons using the RCI, the Y-OQ-2.01 identified the most cases for reliable change. The Y-OQ-2.01 also had the greatest corroboration of its findings with the other two measures. In comparisons using cut-off scores, results are offered for three variations, as different standards were used to establish cut-off scores for the three measures. The third variation, for which cut-off scores for all three measures were adjusted to one standard deviation above the mean, is suggested to be the most appropriate when comparing measures. Those results indicated there was no statistical difference in how the measures performed relative to each other. Thus, based on the HLM and RCI results of this study, it is recommended that clinicians select the Y-OQ-2.01 for outcome use and tracking changes in child and adolescent symptoms and behaviors.