The diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of sewerage and wastewater disposal in the recreational centre near Vřesovice. The purpose of the diploma thesis is the elaboration of variant solutions of sewerage, including the proposal of possibilities of wastewater treatment, economic evaluation of variants, their subsequent comparison and recommendation of the most suitable variant. The diploma thesis deals with the design of variants of wastewater treatment with subsequent discharge into surface waters. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the individual variants of sewerage are summarized with a comparison of costs and subsequent recommendation of the variant.

The submitted diploma thesis is focused on finding optimal inside arrangement of multi-chamber septic tank using the conductive method. The diploma thesis brings detailed description and measuring results, including the testing of several different arrangements of the standard circular three chamber septic tank in the project TAČR with the working title "Anasep" and newly developed four-chamber septic tank with several innovative features. The results are then categorized according to own terminology for ease application in the practice. The described method may be a suitable alternative for other technically and economically less available methods. The method shows very clearly whether the inner space of the septic tank sufficient use its volume to the velocity field distribution which has a direct impact on the rate of sedimentation of suspended solids and therefore affect the life of the downstream filtration equipment. Measured data processing and graphical outputs were processed in the programme Minitab. Graphical display of all variants of septic tanks was carried out using SketchUp. Visualization of a septic tank in 2D and 3D space plane was solved in COMSOL Multiphysic with the application of CFD module. The conclusion is based on achievements discussed the applicability of the described method and it presented hydraulically efficient multi-chamber septic tank, which is currently copyrighted solution, developed by a team of solvers in the project ANASEP.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:04:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jairo Pinto de Oliveira.pdf: 2727767 bytes, checksum: 3b1352014d87848112176e085bb84c8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Effluents are released daily into water bodies without any treatment with high levels of oil and grease (OG) and are a huge environmental problem. These residues are potentially available may be used for energy recovery, such as oil usage for the production of biodiesel. As the biggest barrier to the production of biodiesel involves the cost of raw materials, grease traps of restaurants, industries and wastewater treatment plants can be used as feedstock for biofuel production, since they have large amounts of oil and grease without cost. However, residual oils and greases contain high levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and as the preferred route for the production of biodiesel transesterification is alkaline, may be formed soap as a final product, impairing the separation of glycerol and decreasing the reaction yield. Thus, the acidic and enzymatic transesterification can present as promising alternatives, since it can catalyze the modification of both triglycerides and free fatty acids. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using four types of oily waste sanitation (skimmings of grease from a University Restaurant, a Food Industry, a Station Wastewater Treatment and Sludge pits and septic tanks); characterize the physicochemical properties of oils and greases extracted and evaluate processes involving generation of biodiesel acid catalyst (H2SO4) and enzyme (immobilized Candida antarctica). The residues studied showed high levels of oil and grease and physicochemical characterization showed high levels of acidity, saponification and humidity. Were detected and quantified the major saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The production of biodiesel from raw materials from grease traps showed high levels of conversion, greater than or equal 90%, which shows that both catalysts (H2SO4 and lipase Candida antarctica) are presented in the efficient esterification of raw waste acidic. The best conversion was found to be 96.5% using the lipid material from the grease trap the University Restaurant UFES catalyzed enzymatically at 50 ° C and molar ratio of 1:9 (oil: alcohol) / Efluentes são lançados diariamente em corpos d água sem nenhum tipo de tratamento com elevados teores de óleos e graxas (OG) e constituem um enorme problema ambiental. Estes resíduos potencialmente disponíveis podem ser utilizados para o aproveitamento energético, como o uso de óleo para a produção de biodiesel. Como a maior barreira para produção de biodiesel envolve o custo de matéria prima, caixas de gordura de restaurantes, indústrias e de estações de tratamento de efluentes podem ser utilizados como matéria prima para produção de biocombustível, pois apresentam grandes quantidades de óleos e graxas sem nenhum custo. No entanto, óleos e graxas residuais contêm altos teores de ácidos graxos livres (AGL), e como a via preferencial para a produção de biodiesel é a transesterificação alcalina, pode ocorrer a formação de sabão como produto final, prejudicando a separação do glicerol e diminuindo o rendimento da reação. Desta forma, a transesterificação enzimática e ácida podem se apresentar como alternativas promissoras, visto que podem catalisar a modificação tanto de triglicerídeos como de ácidos graxos livres. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a possibilidade de utilização de quatro tipos de resíduos oleosos do saneamento (Escumas de caixas de gordura de um Restaurante Universitário, de uma Indústria de Alimentos, de uma Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes e de Lodos de Fossas e Tanques Sépticos), caracterizar as propriedades físico-químicas dos óleos e graxas extraídos, bem como avaliar processos de geração de biodiesel envolvendo catalisador ácido (H2SO4) e enzimático (Candida antarctica imobilizada). Os resíduos estudados apresentaram altos teores de óleos e graxas e a caracterização físico-química mostrou elevados índices de acidez, saponificação e umidade. Foram detectados e quantificados os principais ácidos graxos saturados e insaturados por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). A produção do biodiesel a partir das matérias primas provenientes de caixas de gordura apresentaram altos níveis de conversões, maior ou igual 90%, o que demonstra que ambos os catalisadores (H2SO4 e a lipase Candida antarctica) apresentam-se eficientes na esterificação de matérias primas residuais ácidas. A melhor conversão encontrada foi de 96,5% utilizando o material lipídico proveniente da caixa de gordura do Restaurante Universitário da UFES catalisado enzimaticamente a 50ºC e razão molar 1:9 (óleo:álcool)

Orientadores: Bruno Coraucci Filho, Roberto Feijo de Figueiredo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T17:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SousaJunior_OderLuizde_M.pdf: 3018467 bytes, checksum: f62050928dc0c085881f96c0708b1328 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo deste projeto foi estudar as valas de filtração como um método de baixo custo aplicável a residências isoladas e pequenas ou médias comunidades brasileira, analisar as valas de filtração como unidades de pós-tratamento de efluente anaeróbio de um sistema fossa filtro, na remoção natural de nutrientes e microrganismos patogênicos. No presente estudo foram estudadas três valas de filtração em escala piloto com 1 m de comprimento e 0,50 m de largura, com altura da camada de areia igual a 0,25, 0,50, e 0,75 m, foi utilizado tubo de drenagem em PEAD - polietileno de alta densidade ¿ com 0,10 m de diâmetro, as valas de filtração foram alimentadas por efluente de um sistema fossa filtro, foram empregadas 4 taxas hidráulicas (40, 60, 80, e 100 L/m2.dia) cada taxa foi aplicada na freqüência de 6, 12, 18, e 24 hora/dia. O esgoto bruto, afluente, e efluente das valas de filtração, foram analisados semanalmente permitindo constatar que os resultados obtidos no estudo das valas de filtração no emprego de altas taxas hidráulicas proporcionavam uma remoção superior a 82,5% DBO e adequação de coliformes e a ausência de microrganismo patogênico. Quanto aos compostos nitrogenados, ocorreu uma grande nitrificação. A concentração de fósforo também foi muito reduzida, adequando o efluente das valas de filtração a legislação brasileira, em todas as taxas empregadas / Abstract: The aim of this work was to study filtration ditches as a method of low cost applicable the isolated homes and the small Brazilian municipalities for the posttreatment of anaerobic effluent from a system septic tank with anaerobic unit in the removal of natural nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms. For the research were analyzed three filtration ditches on pilot-scale with 1 m length and 0,5 m width, with height of the layer of sand equal 0,25, 0,50, and 0,75 m was used a drainage pipe in HDPE - High Density Polyethylene - with 0,10 m in diameter. The of filtration ditches were fed by effluent from a system septic tank with anaerobic unit were used four high hydraulic rates (40, 60, 80, and 100 L/m2.day) each rate was applied in the frequency of 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours/day. The municipal wastewater, affluent and the effluent of the filtration ditches were weekly analyzed allowing that the results obtained in the study removal of organic matter exceeded 82,5% BOD and adequacy of coliform, absence of pathogenic microorganisms. In terms of nitrogen compounds, a high nitrification occurred. The phosphorus concentration also was very reduced, the effluent of the three filtration ditches being in compliance with Brazilian laws at all the rates used. / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The thesis deals with possible ways of drainage and wastewater disposal. The issue of wastewater discharge to the environment has been closely monitored in recent years, and there is an apparent effort to improve the current situation.The dissertation discusses and compares three selected options – access to improved sanitation, building reservoirs and domestic wastewater treatment plant.The final section is dedicated to a comparison of acquisition and operating costs over time and to subsequent evaluation of the most suitable option. For the sake of clarity and assessment of potential solutions, the locality in the administrative area Vysoké Mýto - Domoradice has been selected as a model. The local authorities have been designing a public storm sewer, and given that it is surrounded by land, this issue will need to be addressed.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Underground septic systems thrive or fail based on the relationship with their local environment. This paper explores ways environmental variables such as soil type, tree roots, degree of slope, and impervious surfaces affect on-site wastewater treatment systems. It also discusses the effects each of these variables may have on a septic system, and the resulting impact a compromised system may have on the surrounding environment. This research focuses on an approximately 20 square mile area of central Washington Township in Marion County, Indiana. This area of central Indiana contains a large septic system owning population in a sampling of different environments such as wooded areas, hilly areas, and a variety of different soil types.