Color has been significant in visual arts for as long as the art-forms have existed. Still images and movies have long used colors and color grading effects to affect the viewer and characterize the work. In recent years attempts have been made to bring these techniques of stylizing also to interactive games. This dissertation aims to compare two different approaches of performing real-time color grading for games. Focus is put on examining the two ways from a number of different perspectives and from there draw conclusions on advantages and disadvantages of the approaches. The results show no unanimously superior approach but rather aim to break down the results in categories and attempt to explain the benefits and drawbacks in using either one of them, aiding the decision for anyone inclined to implement color grading effects in games.

Context. Ray tracing has always been a simple but effective way to create a photorealistic scene but at a greater cost when expanding the scene. Recent improvements in GPU and CPU hardware have made ray tracing faster, making more complex scenes possible with the same amount of time needed to process the scene. Despite the improvements in hardware ray tracing is still rarely run at a interactive speed. Objectives. The aim of this experiment was to implement a new kdtree generation algorithm using DirectX 11 compute shaders. Methods. The implementation created during the experiment was tested using two platforms and five scenarios where the generation time for the kd-tree was measured in milliseconds. The results where compared to a sequential implementation running on the CPU. Results. In the end the kd-tree generation algorithm implemented did not run within our definition of real-time. Comparing the generation times from the implementations shows that there is a speedup for the GPU implementation compared to our CPU implementation, it also shows linear scaling for the generation time as the number of triangles in the scene increase. Conclusions. Noticeable limitations encountered during the experiment was that the handling of dynamic structures and sorting of arrays are limited which forced us to use less memory efficient solutions.

Målet med denna studie är att utvärdera möjligheten att göra färgkorrigering i realtid. Denna färgkorrigering ska hjälpa färgblinda att lättare urskilja mellan olika färger. Ett problem med färgkorrigering är att det kan vara för långsamt för realtid. En prototyp där existerande algoritmer har implementerats på GPU istället för CPU tas fram, detta för att testa hypotesen att färgkorrigering tar mindre prestanda ifall den implementeras på GPU. Prestandaresultaten visar att det är lämpligt att göra färgkorrigering med hjälp av shaderprogrammering på GPU istället för CPU. Ett fortsatt arbete utifrån denna studie vore att analysera hur bra olika färgkorrigeringsalgoritmer är för färgblinda personer.

Context Subsurface scattering - the effect of light scattering within a material. Lots of materials on earth possess translucent properties. It is therefore an important factor to consider when trying to render realistic images. Historically the effect has been used for offline rendering with ray tracers, but is now considered a real-time rendering technique and is done based on approximations off previous models. Early real-time methods approximates the effect in object texture space which does not scale well with real-time applications such as games. A relatively new approach makes it possible to apply the effect as a post processing effect using GPGPU capabilities, making this approach compatible with most modern rendering pipelines. Objectives The aim of this thesis is to explore the possibilities of a dynamic real-time solution to subsurface scattering with a modern rendering API to utilize GPGPU programming and modern data management, combined with previous techniques Methods The proposed subsurface scattering technique is implemented in a delimited real-time graphics engine using a modern rendering API to evaluate the impact on performance by conducting several experiments with specific properties. Results The result obtained hints that by using a flexible solution to represent materials, execution time lands at an acceptable rate and could be used in real-time. These results shows that the execution time grows nearly linearly with consideration to the number of layers and the strength of the effect. Because the technique is performed in screen space, the performance scales with subsurface scattering screen coverage and screen resolution. Conclusions The technique could be used in real-time and could trivially be integrated to most existing rendering pipelines. Further research and testing should be done in order to determine how the effect scales in a complex 3D-game environment.

This work discusses shadowing methods, analyses them and describes implementation in DirectX 11 API. Theoretical part describes historical evolution of shadow usage in 3D applications and also analyzes shadowing algorithms. This work compares 2 variants of shadow mapping algorithm for omnidirectional lights, based on cube mapping and paraboloid projection, on demo application using quality, performance and implementation aspects.

Goal of this diploma thesis is to get knowledge about history and evolution of computer graphic in area of realistic image synthesis, get knowledge about rendering system mental ray and about writing shader for it and write several shader. Create manual about writing  shaders for mental ray. Get knowledge about program Maya and create a tutorial hot to get the shader into it.

Computer graphics is a branch of Computer Science that specializes in the virtual representation of real-life objects in a computer screen. While the past advancements in this field were commonly related to entertaining media industries such as video games and movies, these have found a use in others. For instance, they have provided a visual aid in medical exploration for healthcare and training simulation for military and defense.Ever since their first applications for data visualization, there has been a growth in the development of new technologies, methods and techniques to improve it. Today, among the most leading methods we can find the Volumetric or Volume Rendering techniques. These allow the display of 3-dimensional discretely sampled data in a 2dimensional projection on the screen.This thesis provides a study on volumetric rendering through the implementation of a real-time simulation. It presents the various steps, prior knowledge and research required to program it. By studying the necessary mathematical concepts including noise functions, flow maps and vector fields; an interactive effect can be applied to volumetric data. The result is a randomly behaved volumetric fog. The implementation issues, intricacies and paradigms are reflected upon and explained. The conclusion explores the results while these illustrate what can be accomplished using mathematical and programming notions in the manipulation of graphic data. / Datorgrafik är en filial inom datavetenskap som specialiserar sig på realistisk virtuell representation av verkliga objekt på en datorskärm. Medan de tidigare framstegen inom detta område vanligtvis var relaterade till underhållande medieindustrier som videospel och filmer, hade dessa hittat en annan användning i andra. De har tillhandahållit ett visuellt stöd inom bland annat sjukvård, arkitektur, militär och försvar och utbildning.Helt sedan deras första applikationer för visualisering av data har det skett en tillväxt av ny teknik, metoder och tekniker för att förbättra datarepresentationen. Idag, bland de mest ledande metoderna, kan vi hitta Volumetric eller Volume Renderingtekniker. Dessa möjliggör visning av 3-dimensionell diskret sampling av data i en tvådimensionell projektion på skärmen.Dennaavhandling ger en studie om volumetrisk rendering genom en realtidsimulering. Den presenterar de olika stegen, kunskapen och forskningen som krävs för att simulera den med hjälp av de matematiska grunderna som gör det mycket eftertraktat och även beräkningsproblematiskt. Implementeringsfrågor, komplikationer och paradigmer återspeglas och förklaras medan resultaten illustrerar vad som kan åstadkommas med matematiska och programmeringsmeddelanden när de tillämpas på manipulering av grafisk data.

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The goal of this work is to create an application, which will combine procedural and keyfram animations with subsequent visualization. Composition of this two different animations techniques is used to animate a virtual character. To combine this two techniques one starts with interpolations from keyframe animation and then enchance them by procedural animations to properly fit into the characters surroundings. This procedural part of animation is obtained by using forward and inverse kinematics. Whole application is written in C++, uses GLM math library for computations and OpenGL and GLUT for final visualization.

The first part of this project is focused on theoretical analysis of methods for rendering volume data. Both methods are analyzed showing the volume data using triangle mesh, and methods for direct volume rendering. Ray Casting is presented in detail. Possible way of its realization using graphics card is the subject of implementation part. The paper presents several methods that could be applied to ray casting and achieve different results of visualization of the same data. The work also aims to create a  graphical user interface that allows interactive visualizations.