Methods for fusing two computer vision methods are discussed and several example algorithms are presented to illustrate the variational method of fusing algorithms. The example algorithms seek to determine planet topography given two images taken from two different locations with two different lighting conditions. The algorithms each employ assingle cost function that combines the computer vision methods of shape-from-shading and stereo in different ways. The algorithms are closely coupled and take into account all the constraints of the photo-topography problem. The algorithms are run on four synthetic test image sets of varying difficulty.

How the visual system extracts shape information from a single grey-level image can be approached by examining how the information about shape is contained in the image. This technical report considers the characteristic equations derived by Horn as a dynamical system. Certain image critical points generate dynamical system critical points. The stable and unstable manifolds of these critical points correspond to convex and concave solution surfaces, giving more general existence and uniqueness results. A new kind of highly parallel, robust shape from shading algorithm is suggested on neighborhoods of these critical points. The information at bounding contours in the image is also analyzed.

This research develops a technique focused on shading and texturing, with an emphasis on line work and color, to emulate the unique qualities of copperplate line-engraving from 16th century cartography. A visual analysis of selected maps determines the defining characteristics adapted for three-dimensional computer generated environments. The resulting work is presented in a short time-based animation.

This research develops a technique focused on shading and texturing, with an emphasis on line work and color, to emulate the unique qualities of copperplate line-engraving from 16th century cartography. A visual analysis of selected maps determines the defining characteristics adapted for three-dimensional computer generated environments. The resulting work is presented in a short time-based animation.

This thesis describes two new techniques for enhancing the rendering quality of cartoon characters in toon-shading applications. The proposed methods can be used to improve the output quality of current cel shaders. The first technique which uses 2D image-based algorithms, enhances the silhouettes of the input geometry and reduces the computer generated artefacts. The silhouettes are found by using the Sobel filter and reconstructed by Bezier curve fitting. The intensity of the reconstructed silhouettes is then modified to create a stylised appearance. In the second technique, a new hair model based on billboarded particles is introduced. This method is found to be particularly useful for generating toon-like specular highlights for hair, which are important in cartoon animations. The whole rendering framework is implemented in C++ using the OpenGL API. OpenGL extensions and GPU programming are used to take the advantage of the functionalities of currently available graphics hardware. The programming of graphics hardware is done using Cg, a high level shader language.

A mismatch in a photovoltaic array implies differences in the I-V characteristics of the modules forming the array which can lead to significant energy losses known as mismatch losses. The sources of mismatch losses could be easy- or difficult-to-predict sources. This thesis proposes novel designs for photovoltaic arrays to reduce mismatch losses. The mismatch from easy-to-predict sources and its resulting losses can be reduced by altering the interconnection of the array. Therefore, this thesis proposes an optimal total-cross-tied interconnection, based on a thorough mathematical formulation, which can significantly reduce mismatch losses from easy-to-predict sources. Application examples of the operation of the optimal total-cross-tied interconnection under partial shading are presented. The effect of partial shading caused by easy- or difficult-to-predict sources can be considerably reduced by photovoltaic array reconfiguration. This thesis proposes a novel mathematical formulation for the optimal reconfiguration of photovoltaic arrays to minimize partial shading losses. The thesis formulates the reconfiguration problem as a mixed integer quadratic programming problem and finds the optimal solution using branch-and-bound algorithm. The proposed formulation can be used for equal or non-equal number of modules per row. Moreover, it can be used for fully reconfigurable or partially-reconfigurable arrays. Application examples of the operation of the reconfigurable photovoltaic array under partial shading are presented. Finally, the recently updated American National Electric Code requires the presence of a series arc fault detector in any Photovoltaic installation operating at a voltage greater than or equal to 80V. However, the Photovoltaic market nowadays lacks the presence of an accurate series arc fault detector that can detect series arc faults and discriminate between them and partial shading. The work in this thesis proposes an algorithm that can detect series arc faults and discriminate between them and partial shading in total-cross-tied arrays. This algorithm is based on the measurement of instantaneous row voltages.

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη λειτουργίας των φωτοβολταϊκών γεννητριών υπό συνθήκες χαμηλής έντασης ακτινοβολίας όχι όμως ελεγχόμενης, δηλαδή σε εσωτερικό χώρο, αλλά εκτεθειμένο σε εξωτερικό χώρο και με απρόβλεπτες εναλλαγές έντασης. Επιπλέον το υποβάλαμε σε μερική σκίαση με διαφορετική διάταξη κάθε φορά προκειμένου να διαπιστώσουμε τη λειτουργία του και το πώς αυτό συμπεριφέρεται, προκειμένου να κατανοήσουμε το πόσο σημαντικό είναι να ακολουθούνται οι προδιαγραφές εγκατάστασης για να παίρνουμε την μέγιστη απόδοση από τις φωτοβολταϊκές γεννήτριες. Για το σκοπό αυτό είχαμε στη διάθεσή μας ένα φωτοβολταϊκό πλαίσιο, το οποίο αποτελούνταν από 36 στοιχεία και μια βάση κινητή για να το τοποθετήσουμε με σκοπό να το προσανατολίζουμε σωστά ακολουθώντας την πορεία του ηλίου και την οποία την κατασκευάσαμε εξ αρχής. Στη συνεχεία απαραίτητη ήταν η κατασκευή δύο κυκλωμάτων, ενός “I-V tracer” και ενός “Ramp Generator” μέσα στο ίδιο κουτί, προκειμένου να συνδέσουμε επάνω σε αυτό όλες τις συσκευές μας για να καταγράψουμε τις σειρές των μετρήσεών μας που μας έδιναν οι διάφορες συσκευές μας καθώς και το φωτοβολταϊκό κατά τη διάρκεια της έκθεσής του στην ηλιακή ακτινοβολία. Ακόμα, σημαντικό κομμάτι αποτέλεσε και ο προγραμματισμός του Data Logger έτσι ώστε να καταγράφονται σωστά η τάση, το ρεύμα, οι θερμοκρασίες και η ακτινοβολία κάθε στιγμή του πειράματός μας για να τα εκμεταλλευτούμε και να εξαγάγουμε σωστά συμπεράσματα. Τέλος μπορούμε να πούμε πως η επιλογή ιδανικών ημερών ήταν ένα δύσκολο κομμάτι και η υπομονή που απαιτούσε το πείραμά μας ήταν ένας καλός σύμμαχος για την ολοκλήρωσή του. / -

Submitted by JOÃO ANDRÉ DO AMARAL null (champignom2000@gmail.com) on 2016-05-24T20:37:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Corrigida1.3.pdf: 8641211 bytes, checksum: 179938942aaaf6301236254125d6ed40 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-30T20:01:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 amaral_ja_me_ilha.pdf: 8641211 bytes, checksum: 179938942aaaf6301236254125d6ed40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-30T20:01:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amaral_ja_me_ilha.pdf: 8641211 bytes, checksum: 179938942aaaf6301236254125d6ed40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Gramados são parte fundamental na composição de campos esportivos. Alguns aspectos devem ser levados em consideração no processo de escolha da espécie a ser utilizada, como a utilização do gramado (tolerância ao pisoteio), manejo do gramado, condições físico-químicas do solo e tolerância ao sombreamento. Com a realização de eventos esportivos no país, houve a necessidade de reformas e modernizações das arenas de futebol; dentre as alterações na arquitetura está a implantação de coberturas nos estádios, o que resultou em uma redução da luminosidade, afetando o desenvolvimento normal do gramado. Objetivou-se com o experimento avaliar a influência da luminosidade e de diferentessubstratos no desenvolvimento de grama bermuda (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis). Foi conduzido no Campus II - UNESP, de Ilha Solteira – SP, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 (substratos x luminosidades), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 20 tratamentos e 3 repetições. Os substratos foram: S1 = Solo, S2 = Solo + areia (2:1), S3 = Solo + matéria orgânica (1:1), S4 = Solo + matéria orgânica + areia (2:1:1) e S5 = Matéria orgânica + areia (3:1), em 4 condições de luminosidade (pleno sol, 30%, 50%, 80%), durante os meses de março a outubro de 2014. Foram avaliados: altura, massa fresca e massa seca das aparas da grama, teor de clorofila e radiação solar. Concluiu-se que: o sombreamento interferiu no pleno desempenho da grama bermuda, sendo que esta tolera sombreamento intermediário (30% e 50%), e os substratos que contém maiores teores de matéria orgânica submetidos ao sombreamento tiveram o desempenho prejudicado. / Lawn is the main part of sports fields and landscaping projects, it is difficult to find a landscaping project on which the lawn is not present. Some aspects must be considered when choosing the species or cultivar, as tolerance to treading, need for irrigation, the soil physic and chemical conditions and shade tolerance. Due to the realization of the sports events in the following years, there was a need for reforms and modernization of football arenas; among the architectural changes is the implantation of roof on the arenas, resulting in a reduction in light, affecting the normal development of lawn. The aim of the presentstudy wasto evaluate the light and differentsubstrates influence in the development of Bermudagrass. The study has been conducted in Campus II - UNESP Campus of Ilha Solteira - SP, in a factorial design 5x4 (substrates x light), in a completely randomized design with 20 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments: substrates - S1 = Soil, S2 = Soil + sand (2:1), S3 = Soil + organic matter (1:1), S4 = Soil + organic matter + sand (2:1:1) and S5 = Organic matter + sand (3:1), in 4 lighting conditions (full sun, 30%, 50%, 80%), during the months of March to October 2014. It has been evaluated: shoot height, shoot fresh and dry matter, chlorophyll content in the leaves, solar. Conclusion: shade interfered in the full performance of bermudagrass, the grass tolerates intermediate shading (30% and 50%) and the substrates that has most quantities of organic matter in its composition and submitted to shade had the damaged performance.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a tolerância ao sombreamento de cinco variedades de Stylosanthes guianensis, em duas épocas de semeadura. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e em três e quatro níveis de sombreamento. Aos 60 dias após o início de cada experimento foram avaliadas as características: altura de planta, número de ramos, de folhas e de nódulos, área foliar, teores de clorofila a e b, teor total de clorofila, razão entre os teores de clorofilas a/b, comprimento de raiz, massa seca de ramos, de folhas e de raiz. Nas duas épocas de avaliação, a variedade vulgaris cv. Pucallpa apresentou maiores valores para as características estudadas, sendo o melhor desempenho das variedades em 30% de sombreamento na primeira avaliação e em 50% na segunda. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que há variabilidade de resposta ao sombreamento entre as variedades de Stylosanthes guianensis. / Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance to the shading of five varieties of Stylosanthes guianensis, at two times of sowing. Treatments were set in complete randomized design with four repetitions, and three and four levels of shading. To the 60 days after the beginning of each experiment had been measured the traits: height of plant, number of branches, of leaves and nodules; leaf area; content of chlorophyll a and the b, total content of chlorophyll, reason enters contents of chlorophyll a/b, root length; dry mass of branches, of leaves and root. At the two times of evaluation, the variety vulgaris cv. Pucallpa had presented raised values for the studied traits, being the best performance of the varieties in 30% of shading in the first evaluation and 50% in second. The gotten results had indicated that it has variability of reply to the shading between the varieties of Stylosanthes guianensis. / Orientador: Maria Lidia Stipp Paterniani / Coorientador: Teresinha de Jesus Deléo Rodrigues / Banca: Ana Regina Pimentel de Almeida / Banca: Danísio Prado Munari / Mestre

Orientador: Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho / Resumo: Gramados são parte fundamental na composição de campos esportivos. Alguns aspectos devem ser levados em consideração no processo de escolha da espécie a ser utilizada, como a utilização do gramado (tolerância ao pisoteio), manejo do gramado, condições físico-químicas do solo e tolerância ao sombreamento. Com a realização de eventos esportivos no país, houve a necessidade de reformas e modernizações das arenas de futebol; dentre as alterações na arquitetura está a implantação de coberturas nos estádios, o que resultou em uma redução da luminosidade, afetando o desenvolvimento normal do gramado. Objetivou-se com o experimento avaliar a influência da luminosidade e de diferentessubstratos no desenvolvimento de grama bermuda (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis). Foi conduzido no Campus II - UNESP, de Ilha Solteira – SP, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 (substratos x luminosidades), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 20 tratamentos e 3 repetições. Os substratos foram: S1 = Solo, S2 = Solo + areia (2:1), S3 = Solo + matéria orgânica (1:1), S4 = Solo + matéria orgânica + areia (2:1:1) e S5 = Matéria orgânica + areia (3:1), em 4 condições de luminosidade (pleno sol, 30%, 50%, 80%), durante os meses de março a outubro de 2014. Foram avaliados: altura, massa fresca e massa seca das aparas da grama, teor de clorofila e radiação solar. Concluiu-se que: o sombreamento interferiu no pleno desempenho da grama bermuda, sendo que esta tolera sombreamento intermediário (30% e 50%), e os s... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Lawn is the main part of sports fields and landscaping projects, it is difficult to find a landscaping project on which the lawn is not present. Some aspects must be considered when choosing the species or cultivar, as tolerance to treading, need for irrigation, the soil physic and chemical conditions and shade tolerance. Due to the realization of the sports events in the following years, there was a need for reforms and modernization of football arenas; among the architectural changes is the implantation of roof on the arenas, resulting in a reduction in light, affecting the normal development of lawn. The aim of the presentstudy wasto evaluate the light and differentsubstrates influence in the development of Bermudagrass. The study has been conducted in Campus II - UNESP Campus of Ilha Solteira - SP, in a factorial design 5x4 (substrates x light), in a completely randomized design with 20 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments: substrates - S1 = Soil, S2 = Soil + sand (2:1), S3 = Soil + organic matter (1:1), S4 = Soil + organic matter + sand (2:1:1) and S5 = Organic matter + sand (3:1), in 4 lighting conditions (full sun, 30%, 50%, 80%), during the months of March to October 2014. It has been evaluated: shoot height, shoot fresh and dry matter, chlorophyll content in the leaves, solar. Conclusion: shade interfered in the full performance of bermudagrass, the grass tolerates intermediate shading (30% and 50%) and the substrates that has most quantities of organic matte... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre