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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Tamprių-plastinių prisitaikančių sistemų optimizacija su standumo ir stabilumo sąlygomis / Optimization of elastic-plastic systems under stiffness and stability constraints at shakedown

Merkevičiūtė, Dovilė 23 December 2005 (has links)
Optimization problems (to which is dedicated this dissertation) of structural mechanics are introductory stage of structure optimum design based on principles of solid deformable body mechanics, mathematical programming theory, its methods and their mechanical interpretation. In order to base calculation on real operating conditions of structure, it is necessary evaluate as exact as possible structure material properties, external effects and other factors in mathematical models of optimization problems. Partially it is achieved by including plastic properties of material. Calculation and design of the structures, taking in to account plastic strains, allows to use their bearing capacity more efficiently and make more economic project (in this dissertation research is developed on the basis of perfect plasticity theory). From the other side, real effect for structure are often cyclic (variable repeated load character is also evaluated in this work). In the dissertation it is assumed that load is quasi–static and is characterised by load variation bounds (deterministic formulation of problems is considered). Under repeated loading a structure can lose its serviceability because of its progressive plastic failure or because of alternating strain (usually both cases are called cyclic–plastic collapse). But, if residual forces together with variable part that do not violate the admissible bounds appear in the initial stage of loading, the structure adapts to existing load and... [to full text]
2

ESTUDO NUMÉRICO DO EFEITO DE PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS E DO ATRITO NO FENÔMENO DE SHAKEDOWN

GONCALVES, R. P. 29 September 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T00:02:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10432_RODRIGO PEREIRA GONÇALVES.pdf: 3395928 bytes, checksum: a1eb1bfe65858f3c3f79d97f9029e049 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-29 / Shakedown pode ser definido como o processo pelo qual uma estrutura submetida a um carregamento cíclico, que se deforma plasticamente durante a primeira aplicação de carga, atinge após uma determinada quantidade de ciclos um estado estacionário em que a resposta do material é perfeitamente elástica. Uma estrutura projetada com base em uma análise shakedown é mais segura do que uma baseada em seu limite plástico. Dessa forma, foi feito um estudo numérico afim de avaliar a inflência de parâmetros como tensão de escoamento, coeficiente de atrito, grau de encruamento e modelo de encruamento no fenomemo shakedown. Para isso, foi utilizado o software comercial ABAQUS, onde foi feito um modelo de elementos finitos para simular um carregamento cíclico de uma esfera rígida sobre um plano deformável. Os resultados indicam que quanto mais resistente é o material solicitado (maior tensão de escoamento) mais rápido acontece a estabilização em shakedown. O atrito se mostra prejudicial ao acontecimento do shakedown, aumentando a quantidade de ciclos de carregametno necessários para sua estabilização. Já o encruamento teve uma influência benéfica, facilitando o acontecimento do fenômeno. Os modelos de encruameno isotrópicos e cinemático linear se mostraram inadequados para análise em condições que envolvem alta deformação plástica, não sendo capazes de prever a plasticidade incremental. Já o modelo de encruamento cinemático não-linear se mostrou adequado para análise shakedown em todas as condições simuladas. Palavras chave: Shakedown, Atrito, Modelo de encruamento
3

Estados limite de componentes mecânicos considerando encruamento cinemático limitado

Nery, Domingos Eugênio de Sá, Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear 08 1900 (has links)
Submitted by Marcele Costal de Castro (costalcastro@gmail.com) on 2017-10-02T17:55:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DOMINGOS EUGENIO DE SÁ NERY D.PDF: 2789497 bytes, checksum: aff82f3bd13e62b597c33ec7477538fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-02T17:55:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DOMINGOS EUGENIO DE SÁ NERY D.PDF: 2789497 bytes, checksum: aff82f3bd13e62b597c33ec7477538fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08 / Neste trabalho o problema da acomodação elástica de enfocado, para estruturas constituídas de materiais de Mises, porém com a consideração do encruamento cinemático limitado. O modelo de camadas de microelementos de Stein é utilizado para a formulação e solução do problema e é mostrado que o algoritmo já desenvolvido para o caso de elastoplasticidade ideal, pode ser utilizado também no caso com encruamento. As soluções analíticas, desenvolvidas para o problema de um bloco com restrições, são estendidas para o caso com encruamento e permitem a validação dos resultados numéricos em tensão plana. Comparações com resultados da literatura são levadas a efeito, tanto em tensão plana quanto em problemas com simetria de revolução. Estes exemplos visam à validação da teoria e sua implementação e também o tratamento de estruturas mais complexas que se aproximem progressivamente do nível das aplicações industriais. / In this work, the problem of shakedown is considered for Mises material structures but, with limited kinematic hardening. Stein's overlay model is used for formulation and solution of the problem. It is shown that the algorithm, originally developed for elastic perfectly plastic materials, can be used when hardening is considered. Analytical solutions developed for a restrained block are extended here for the case of hardening in plane stress, allowing the validation of numerical results. Bench marks are used to check numerical results in plane stress and axissimetric problems. This examples intend to validate the theory and its implementation and also a progressive treatment of more complex structures, aiming to approach industrial level.
4

Limit and shakedown analyses by the p-version fem

Ngo, Ngoc Son, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW January 2005 (has links)
This thesis provides a contribution towards a general procedure for solving robustly and efficiently limit and shakedown analyses of engineering structures within the static approach which has been chosen for its simplicity of implementation. Throughout the thesis, attempts at improving the robustness and efficiency of the computations are presented. Beginning with efforts to prevent volumetric locking, which is a severe shortcoming of traditional low order h-type displacement elements, the investigation proposes the use of the high order p-version of the finite element method. It is shown theoretically and confirmed numerically that this p-method is not only robust in preventing locking, but also provides very accurate results. However, the use of uniformly distributed high order p-elements may be computationally demanding when the size of the problem becomes large. This difficulty is tackled by two main approaches: use of a p-adaptive procedure at the elastic computation stage and use of approximate piecewise linear yield functions. The p-adaptive scheme produces a non-uniform p-distribution and helps to greatly reduce the number of degrees of freedom needed while still guaranteeing the required level of accuracy. The overall gain is that the sizes of the models are reduced significantly and hence also the computational effort. The adoption of piecewise linear yield surfaces helps to further increase the efficiency at the expense of possibly slightly less accurate, but still very acceptable, results. State-of-the-art linear programming solvers based on the very efficient interior point methodology are used. Significant gains in efficiency are achieved. A heuristic, semi-adaptive scheme to piecewise linearize the yield surfaces is then developed to further reduce the size of the underlying optimization problems. The results show additional gains in efficiency. Finally, major conclusions are summarized, and various aspects suitable for further research are highlighted.
5

Etats limites des tuyauteries par la methode des elements finis et la programmation mathematique.

Jospin, Reinaldo Jacques, Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear January 1992 (has links)
Submitted by Marcele Costal de Castro (costalcastro@gmail.com) on 2017-10-04T18:02:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 REINALDO J. JOSPIN D.pdf: 7139084 bytes, checksum: bf9d60aa6ce4a1c288149571d9f29f14 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T18:02:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 REINALDO J. JOSPIN D.pdf: 7139084 bytes, checksum: bf9d60aa6ce4a1c288149571d9f29f14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992 / Les tuyauteries sont parmi les structures les plus utilisées dans la construction mécanique et dans des domaines aussi variés que ceux des installations nucléaires, des structures "offshore", de Pindustrie pétrochimique, etc... Ces structures, composées essentiellement de tuyaux droits (coque cylindrique) et de coudes (coque toroïdale incomplète), sont soumises à des expansions thermiques, à des séismes, à leur poids propre, à des effets de raccordement, etc....Une analyse particulièrement poussée des coudes, ses composants les plus flexibles, est nécessaire en vue de déterminer les déplacements apparus lors du chargement. Plus particulièrement, pour des matériaux rigides plastiques et pour des chargements proportionnels (analyse limite) dans le cas des tuyaux cylindriques, et dans le cas des coudes. Ces derniers utilisent une analyse viscoplastique où le cas particulier du matériau rigide plastique est obtenu à la limite quand l'exposant de la loi de comportement tend vers l'infini. Le problème crucial de la stabilité de l'ovalisation d'un coude de section circulaire et soumis à une pression interne utilisant les différences finies utilisant l'intégration numérique directe effectuée sur les équations de Reissner pour les petites déflexions finies. En ce qui concerne la modélisation et le calcul numérique des coudes, on constate dans la littérature deux voies complémentaires. La première consiste à discrétiser le coude em éléments finis de coques (bidimensionnelles ou tridimensionnelles). Dans ce cas, les effets géométriques d'ovalisation et de gauchissement de la section sont pris en compte directement. La deuxième utilise des éléments de poutre (umdimensionnels) avec des champs de déplacement enrichis par des champs qui peuvent représenter l'ovalisation et le gauchissement. La théorie de l'analyse limite considère l'état de ruine plastique des structures soumises à des charges proportionnelles croissantes, c'est à dire, dépendantes d'un seul paramètre. Généralement les charges appliquées aux structures varient indépendamment et de façon répétitive. La deuxième méthode prend aussi un grand élan surtout dans la théorie unifiée des états limites l'analyse linéaire, l'analyse limite et l'adaptation plastique car elle est plus économique pour ce qui concerne le coût numérique. Au niveau du critère de plasticité, les utilisateurs de la méthode de Newton travaillent directement sur des critères non linéaires du type von Mises tandis que les partisans de la programmation mathématique dans la majorité formulent les problèmes avec des critères linéarisés. Au niveau des variables, les premiers éliminent les variables internes (déformation plastique) au profit des variables structurales (déplacement), alors que les seconds éliminent les déplacements en ne conservant que les variables internes (le multiplicateur plastique).
6

Contribuição ao estudo da deformação permanente dos solos de subleito / Contribution to study of subgrade soil permanent deformation

Ribeiro, Madalena Maria Pereira 05 August 2013 (has links)
Esta pesquisa apresenta uma contribuição ao entendimento do efeito da variação do estado de tensões e variação de umidade na compactação, na suscetibilidade à deformação permanente dos solos de subleito. Assim, um programa experimental foi desenvolvido considerando as variáveis o estado de tensões e a umidade, que são importantes na análise da evolução da deformação permanente dos solos de subleito. Para esta avaliação, foi utilizado um solo arenoso laterítico proveniente da região de Dois Córregos, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram realizados ensaios de caracterização e ensaios triaxiais de cargas repetidas (módulo de resiliência e deformação permanente). Adicionalmente, foi analisado o efeito do acúmulo de deformação permanente nos valores de módulo de resiliência, que foi efetuado a partir de ensaios realizados antes e após o ensaio de deformação permanente. Além disso, de posse dos resultados de deformação permanente foi verificada a ocorrência do Shakedown. Concluiu-se que um aumento de tensões causa um aumento na deformação permanente, não sendo possível avaliar o efeito da variação de umidade na deformação permanente. Observou-se a ocorrência do Shakedown, porém não foi possível definir seu limite. Não foi possível o enquadramento da deformação permanente no modelo de Monismith, sendo proposto, por meio de regressão múltipla, um modelo para avaliação da deformação permanente, considerando as variáveis, umidade, número de aplicações de carga e estado de tensões. / This research presents a contribution to understanding the effect of the variation of the state of stress and water content in the evolution of the permanent deformation of subgrade soils. A lateritic sandy soil from the region of Dois Córregos, State of São Paulo, Brazil, was used throughout the characterization and triaxial repeated loads tests (resilient module and permanent deformation tests). Additionally, it was analyzed the effect of the accumulation of permanent deformation in the values of resilient module from tests performed before and after the permanent deformation tests, as well as it was verified the occurrence of Shakedown. It was concluded that an increase of stress causes an increase in permanent deformation, but it was not possible to evaluate the effect of the variation of moisture content in permanent deformation. It was also observed the occurrence of Shakedown, but it was not possible to set its limit. Furthermore, it was not possible to fit the permanent deformation testing data in the model of Monismith, being proposed, by means of multiple regression, a model for the assessment of permanent deformation considering the variables moisture content, number of load applications and state of stress.
7

Contribuição ao estudo da deformação permanente dos solos de subleito / Contribution to study of subgrade soil permanent deformation

Madalena Maria Pereira Ribeiro 05 August 2013 (has links)
Esta pesquisa apresenta uma contribuição ao entendimento do efeito da variação do estado de tensões e variação de umidade na compactação, na suscetibilidade à deformação permanente dos solos de subleito. Assim, um programa experimental foi desenvolvido considerando as variáveis o estado de tensões e a umidade, que são importantes na análise da evolução da deformação permanente dos solos de subleito. Para esta avaliação, foi utilizado um solo arenoso laterítico proveniente da região de Dois Córregos, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram realizados ensaios de caracterização e ensaios triaxiais de cargas repetidas (módulo de resiliência e deformação permanente). Adicionalmente, foi analisado o efeito do acúmulo de deformação permanente nos valores de módulo de resiliência, que foi efetuado a partir de ensaios realizados antes e após o ensaio de deformação permanente. Além disso, de posse dos resultados de deformação permanente foi verificada a ocorrência do Shakedown. Concluiu-se que um aumento de tensões causa um aumento na deformação permanente, não sendo possível avaliar o efeito da variação de umidade na deformação permanente. Observou-se a ocorrência do Shakedown, porém não foi possível definir seu limite. Não foi possível o enquadramento da deformação permanente no modelo de Monismith, sendo proposto, por meio de regressão múltipla, um modelo para avaliação da deformação permanente, considerando as variáveis, umidade, número de aplicações de carga e estado de tensões. / This research presents a contribution to understanding the effect of the variation of the state of stress and water content in the evolution of the permanent deformation of subgrade soils. A lateritic sandy soil from the region of Dois Córregos, State of São Paulo, Brazil, was used throughout the characterization and triaxial repeated loads tests (resilient module and permanent deformation tests). Additionally, it was analyzed the effect of the accumulation of permanent deformation in the values of resilient module from tests performed before and after the permanent deformation tests, as well as it was verified the occurrence of Shakedown. It was concluded that an increase of stress causes an increase in permanent deformation, but it was not possible to evaluate the effect of the variation of moisture content in permanent deformation. It was also observed the occurrence of Shakedown, but it was not possible to set its limit. Furthermore, it was not possible to fit the permanent deformation testing data in the model of Monismith, being proposed, by means of multiple regression, a model for the assessment of permanent deformation considering the variables moisture content, number of load applications and state of stress.
8

Modélisation du comportement hydromécanique des sols gonflants basée sur la théorie de l'état limite / Modeling the hydromechanical behavior of swelling soils based on shakedown concept

Li, Kai 24 February 2015 (has links)
Les matériaux argileux sont soumis aux chemins complexes de succion/contrainte qui se manifestent par des désordres affectant principalement les structures construites en surface et les ouvrages enterrés. Dans ce contexte, il est important d’appréhender le comportement hydromécanique de ces matériaux afin de mieux maîtriser leur utilisation. Le comportement hydromécanique complexe des matériaux argileux est directement relié à leur structure interne qui a été le principal sujet de plusieurs études sur la micro- et macrostructure des sols. Ces études ont conduit aux développements des modèles élastoplastiques pour sols gonflants. Les modèles existants sont capables de simuler le comportement principal de sol gonflant non saturé, mais ils présentent un grand nombre de paramètres, ce qui prend du temps pour le calcul. Par conséquence, on propose une méthode simplifiée pour modéliser le comportement hydromécanique des sols gonflants basée sur la théorie de l’état limite. Ce modèle est tout d’abord validé par les résultats de l’essai oedométrique. Ensuite, il est implanté dans un code aux éléments finis (CAST3M) pour simuler le comportement in situ des sols gonflants. Enfin, l’application de la théorie de l’état limite au sol gonflant avec une grande densité est effectuée par la combinaison de l’écrouissage cinématique et l’écrouissage isotrope. / Clayey materials are often subjected to the complex suction/stress paths, causing many problems in both surface structures and buried structures built on them. In this context, it is important to study the hydromechanical behavior of these materials in order to better control their use in civil engineering. The complex hydromechanical behavior of clay materials is basically connected to their fabric which has been the main subject of several studies on the micro- and macrostructure of soils. These studies have led to the development of elastoplastic models for expansive soils. The existed models are able to simulate the basic behavior of unsaturated expansive soil, but present a large number of model parameters, leading to a time-consuming calculation. Therefore, we propose a simplified method to model the hydromechanical behavior of expansive soils based on shakedown concept. This model is first validated by the experimental results of cyclic suction-controlled oedometer tests. Then, it is implemented in a finite element code (CAST3M) to simulate the in-situ behavior of expansive soils. Finally, the application of shakedown theory to heavily dense expansive soils is carried out by considering a combined hardening plasticity.
9

Lenkiamų plokščių optimizacija prisitaikomumo sąlygomis / Optimization of bending plates at shakedown

Jarmolajeva, Ela 03 July 2007 (has links)
Disertaciniame darbe, pasitelkus deformuojamo kūno mechanikos energinius principus ir matematinio programavimo teoriją, iš vieningų pozicijų išnagrinėtos tiek tamprių, tiek tamprių-plastinių sistemų deformacijų darnos (Sen-Venano) lygtys. Sprendžiant energinio principo apie papildomos energijos minimumą pagrindu sudarytą ekstremumo analizės uždavinį, įrodoma, kad yra tik trys nepriklausomos Sen-Venano lygtys su atitinkamai performuotomis kraštinėmis sąlygomis. Prisitaikomumo teorija nagrinėja tamprių-plastinių konstrukcijų, veikiamų kintamos-kartotinės apkrovos, būvį, pasitelkdama tiek tamprumo, tiek plastiškumo teorijų pagrindines lygtis ir priklausomybes: disertaciniame darbe pavyko, pasinaudojant Kuno ir Takerio optimalumo sąlygomis, metodiškai pagrįstai įjungti į plastinį konstrukcijų skaičiavimą liekamųjų deformacijų darnos lygtis. Taigi, disertacijoje Kuno ir Takerio sąlygos originaliai pritaikytos tamprumo teorijos lygtims įtempiais ir asociatyvinio tekėjimo dėsnio išraiškoms plastiškumo teorijoje gauti. Pasinaudojant gautaisiais rezultatais patobulinta prisitaikančių lenkiamų plokščių optimizavimo teorija ir sukurti nauji tokių uždavinių sprendimo metodai. Netiesinių uždavinių matematiniai modeliai, sudaryti taikant pusiausvirų baigtinių elementų metodą, sprendžiami iteraciniu būdu, pasitelkus Rozeno projektuojamųjų gradientų algoritmą. Darbui būdinga tai, kad matematinio programavimo teorija optimizavimo problemos nagrinėjimą lydi nuo matematinio modelio sudarymo iki... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Adapted perfectly elastic-plastic structure satisfies strength conditions and it is safe with respect to cyclic-plastic collapse. But it can do not satisfy its serviceability requirements, for instance, stiffness ones. Therefore, not only strength, but also stiffness conditions-constraints should be included in the discrete mathematical models of bending plate parameter or load variation bound optimization problems (exactly such problems are considered in the dissertation). Using mathematical programming not only new optimization technique of bending plates at shakedown is developed, but also relation between Kuhn-Tucker conditions and strain compatibility (Saint-Venant) equations and dependences of associative yield law of the deformable body mechanics is showed in the dissertation. Mathematical models of nonlinear problems are constructed applying method of equilibrium elements and are solved by iterations using Rosen project gradient algorithm. The feature of this research work is that the theory of mathematical programming accompanies investigation of optimization problem from the construction of the mathematical model up to its numerical solution, at the same time revealing mechanical meaning optimality criterion of applied Rosen algorithm.
10

Tamprių-plastinių prisitaikančių sistemų optimizacija su standumo ir stabilumo sąlygomis / Optimization of elastic-plastic systems under stiffness and stability constraints at shakedown

Merkevičiūtė, Dovilė 09 February 2006 (has links)
Optimization problems (to which is dedicated this dissertation) of structural mechanics are introductory stage of structure optimum design based on principles of solid deformable body mechanics, mathematical programming theory, its methods and their mechanical interpretation. In order to base calculation on real operating conditions of structure, it is necessary evaluate as exact as possible structure material properties, external effects and other factors in mathematical models of optimization problems. Partially it is achieved by including plastic properties of material. Calculation and design of the structures, taking in to account plastic strains, allows to use their bearing capacity more efficiently and make more economic project (in this dissertation research is developed on the basis of perfect plasticity theory). From the other side, real effect for structure are often cyclic (variable repeated load character is also evaluated in this work). In the dissertation it is assumed that load is quasi–static and is characterised by load variation bounds (deterministic formulation of problems is considered). Under repeated loading a structure can lose its serviceability because of its progressive plastic failure or because of alternating strain. But, if residual forces together with variable part that do not violate the admissible bounds appear in the initial stage of loading, the structure adapts to existing load and further behaves elastically. This phenomenon is... [to full text]

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