Medicinos darbuotojai dėl kasdieninio kontakto su žmogaus organizmo skysčiais priskiriami didžiausios biologinių veiksnių rizikos grupei. Incidentų – mikrotraumų ir ekspozicijos krauju, rizika yra susijusi su kraujo keliu plintančiomis infekcijomis (HBV, HCV, ŽIV). Darbo tikslas: Nustatyti medicinos darbuotojų profesinių biologinių veiksnių riziką ir paplitimą Kauno medicinos universiteto klinikų chirurgijos profilio skyriuose. Tyrimo metodika. Vykdytas retrospektyvinis tyrimas 2006 m. 1-6 mėnesių, duomenys rinkti Kauno medicinos universiteto klinikų chirurgijos profilio skyriuose. Atlikta anketinė apklausa. Išdalintos 347 anoniminės anketos, atsako dažnis 89,6 % (311). Statistiniam duomenų apdorojimui naudotas SPSS 11.0 programinis paketas. Rezultatai. 64,5% respondentų patyrė mikrotraumą, 71,1 % – ekspoziciją biologiniais skysčiais, mikrotraumą, ir ekspoziciją patyrė 39,6% darbuotojų. Visais mikrotraumų atvejais buvo sužeistos rankos, ekspozicijų metu 63% respondentų apsitaškė sveiką odą, 20% – akis. Dažniausiai darbuotojai apsitaškė krauju (60%). Gydytojai mikrotraum��� dažniausiai patyrė operacijų metu (79,3%), slaugytojos – apruošdamos instrumentus (35,1%), pagalbiniai darbuotojai – tvarkydami atliekas (75,8%). Gydytojai dažniausiai susižeidė chirurgine adata (72,4%), slaugytojos – injekcine adata (72,4%), pagalbiniai darbuotojai – stiklu (60,6%). 86% respondentų nebuvo pasiskiepiję HB vakcina. Mikrotraumų metu 14,5%, ekspozicijų metu 5% respondentų asmeninių apsaugos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The health care workers are attributed to the highest biological factors risk group, as they daily come into contact with fluids of human body. Risk of incidents – sharps injuries and blood exposure – is related to the infections, spread by blood (HBV, HCV, HIV). Aim of the study. Determine the professional biological risk factors for health care workers and their incidence in the surgical departments of Kaunas Medical University Hospital. Methods. Retrospective study of 1-6 months of year 2006 was performed; data was collected in the surgical departments of Kaunas Medical University Hospital. Anonymous questionnaire survey was performed. 347 questionnaires were distributed; rate of response was 89.6% (311). SPSS 11.0 software was used for statistical data processing. Results. 64.5% of respondents had experienced sharps injury, 71.1% were exposed to the biological fluids, and 39.6% of workers had experienced the injury and the exposure. The hands were injured during all the sharps injury cases; 63% of respondents were drabbled by blood on the healthy skin and 20 % were drabbled into the eyes during the blood exposure. In most cases worker were drabbled by blood (60%). Physicians mostly experience the sharps injury during the surgery (79.3%), nurses – during the preparation of instruments (35.1%), supporting staff – disposing the waste (75.8%). Commonly physicians were injured by the surgical needle (72.4%), nurses – by needlestick (72.4%), and the supporting staff – by glass... [to full text]

Introduktion Operationssjuksköterskor handhar dagligen vassa instrument och har ett nära samarbete med operatören. Det finns risk för stick- och skärskador, varför flera utarbetade preventiva metoder finns att tillgå. Instrumenteringen av vassa instrument ska vara effektiv och säker. Handhavandet kräver kunskap och ställer krav på operationssjuksköterskan. Syfte Syftet med studien var att beskriva operationssjuksköterskors upplevelser av det intraoperativa handhavandet av vassa instrument. Metod Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats och individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer. Data analyserades genom manifest och latent innehållsanalys. Resultat Sju underkategorier, tre huvudkategorier samt ett övergripande tema framkom. Operationssjuksköterskorna var trygga i sin roll och arbetade med lugnt och fokuserat förhållningssätt utifrån personligt utformade arbetssätt för att bevara kontrollen. Säkert handhavande hos operatören upplevdes respektfullt och operationssjuksköterskorna anpassade sig och sade ifrån när riskfyllt handhavande observerades. Vid stick- och skärskada var professionellt handlande med bevarad aseptik angeläget. En viss rädsla för blodburen smitta fanns, men de såg samtidigt stick- och skärskador som en del av vardagen i deras arbetsmiljö. Slutsats Operationssjuksköterskorna var trygga i handhavandet av vassa instrument vilket gav dem förmåga till att anpassa sig. Konsekvent användande av personligt utformade arbetssätt upplevdes säkert och bidrog till kontroll. Stick- och skärskadepreventiva metoder användes i synnerhet vid känd blodburen smitta då rädsla förelåg att drabbas av smitta. / Introduction Theatre nurses manages sharp instruments and works closely with the surgeon. There is a risk of sharps injury and several developed preventative methods are avaliable. Instrumentation of sharp instruments must be effective and safe. The management requires knowledge and puts demands on the theatre nurse. Aim To describe the theatre nurses’ experiences of the intraoperative management of sharp instruments. Method Qualitative method with an inductive approach and individual semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed with manifest and latent content analysis. Results Seven subcategories, three main categories and one covering theme. Theatre nurses were confident in their role and worked with a calm and focused approach with own personal designed work routines to maintain control. Safe management by the surgeon led to feelings of respect towards the theatre nurses and they adapted and reprimanded the surgeon when hazardous management was observed. In case of sharps injury, professional managing with remained asepsis was important. There was some level of fear towards bloodborne pathogen, but at the same time they saw sharp injuries as a common occurrence in their work environment. Conclusion Theatre nurses were confident in the management of sharp instruments which gave them the ability to adapt. Consistent use of personal designed work routines was percieved as safe and contributed to control. Preventative methods against sharps injury were especially used in care of patients with known bloodbourne pathogene as there was a fear of being infected.