L’électronisation de l’industrie a mené à l’augmentation de la pollution électromagnétique pouvant être néfaste pour les systèmes électroniques sensibles et les êtres vivants. L’un des moyens pour limiter la propagation des champs électromagnétiques est l’utilisation d’un blindage. L’étude s’est ainsi focalisée sur l’élaboration à froid d’un composite bimétallique pour le blindage magnétique. Le composite étudié allie les propriétés physiques de l’aluminium et de l’acier via le trilame Al8011/AcierDC01/Al8011. Le trilame est élaboré par colaminage à température ambiante. Il s’est avéré que la qualité de l’adhérence des interfaces Al/Acier et l’architecture du trilame dépendent fortement des paramètres du colaminage. Une préparation minutieuse des tôles et de leurs surfaces concomitantes se révèle être tout aussi importante que le colaminage en lui-même. De plus, au cours du colaminage, la tôle d’acier s’est montrée sensible à des instabilités plastiques qui amènent par la suite à sa striction et à sa fragmentation. Ces instabilités plastiques favorisent l’adhérence grâce à des soudages Al/Al mais n’en sont pas un prérequis. Au niveau de l’efficacité de blindage, le trilame s’est révélé être particulièrement intéressant puisque, grâce à sa composition et à sa structuration, il est capable d’atténuer aussi bien les champs magnétiques basses fréquences (< 1 kHz) que les champs magnétiques de plus hautes fréquences (> 1 kHz). Dans une étude à iso-masse, le trilame a présenté une meilleure efficacité de blindage que les tôles d’Al, de Cu et d’acier. Cependant, la fragmentation de l’acier dans le trilame s’est révélée être néfaste pour le blindage magnétique, nécessitant de faire alors un compromis entre tenue mécanique et efficacité de blindage. / The growth of electronic devices has led to an increase in electromagnetic pollution that can be harmful to sensitive electronic systems and living beings. One of the means of limiting the propagation of electromagnetic fields is the use of shielding. Then, the study focused on the elaboration of a bimetallic composite for magnetic shielding. The studied composite combines the physical properties of aluminum and steel via the Al8011/SteelDC01/Al8011 trilayer. The trilayer is produced by cold roll bonding (CRB). It has been found that the adherence quality of the Al/Steel interfaces and the architecture of the composite heavily depend on the CRB parameters. Careful preparation of the sheet and their concomitant surfaces is just as important as CRB itself. Furthermore, during CRB, the steel sheet was sensitive to plastic instabilities which subsequently led to its necking and fragmentation. These plastic instabilities promote adherence through Al/Al welds but are not a prerequisite. In terms of shielding effectiveness, the bimetallic composite has proved to be particularly interesting. Thanks to its composition and its structuring, it can attenuate both low (< 1 kHz) and high frequency (> 1 kHz) magnetic fields. In an iso-mass study, the composite showed a higher shielding effectiveness than Al, Cu and steel sheets. However, the steel fragmentation in the composite proved to be detrimental to magnetic shielding, then requiring a compromise between mechanical strength and shielding effectiveness.

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<p>This thesis deals with the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems of distributed electrical networks, especially that caused by lightning to electrified railway. Lightning transients were found to damage important devices that control train movements, causing traffic stoppage and delays. This thesis attempts to develop computational models for identification of parameters influencing the coupling phenomena between those devices and lightning. Some supporting experimental investigations are also carried out. This thesis forms the groundwork on the subject of lightning interaction with the electrified railway networks.</p><p>Lightning induces transient overvoltages in railway conductor systems such as tracks, overhead wires, and underground cables, either due to direct lightning strike to the system or due to the coupling of electromagnetic fields from remote strikes. Models based on multiconductor transmission line theory were developed for calculating the induced voltages and currents. A transmission line return stroke model, that can predict the remote electromagnetic fields comparable to experimental observations, is also developed. </p><p>Earlier works on modeling earth return impedances for transient studies in power distribution systems are not readily applicable for railways for lightning transients, in cases of low earth conductivities found in Sweden and for large variation in conductor heights. For the wires above ground, the ground impedance models were modified for wide range of frequencies, soil conductivities and wide spread of conductor heights. Influences of pole insulator flashovers, pole-footing soil ionizations and interconnections between the conductors on the lightning surge propagation are studied. Wave propagation in buried shielded and unshielded cables with ground return is studied. Simplified, valid and computationally efficient ground impedance expressions for buried and on-ground wires are proposed. A model for the coupling phenomena (transfer impedance) through multiple cable shields with multiconductor core is also proposed. Besides, experimental studies on lightning induced transients entering a railway technical house, failure modes of relay and rectifier units used in the train position/signaling applications for lightning transients are performed. A high frequency circuit model for the booster transformer for lightning interaction studies is developed. The simulation models are being converted to user-friendly software for the practicing engineers of the railway industry.</p>

This thesis deals with the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems of distributed electrical networks, especially that caused by lightning to electrified railway. Lightning transients were found to damage important devices that control train movements, causing traffic stoppage and delays. This thesis attempts to develop computational models for identification of parameters influencing the coupling phenomena between those devices and lightning. Some supporting experimental investigations are also carried out. This thesis forms the groundwork on the subject of lightning interaction with the electrified railway networks. Lightning induces transient overvoltages in railway conductor systems such as tracks, overhead wires, and underground cables, either due to direct lightning strike to the system or due to the coupling of electromagnetic fields from remote strikes. Models based on multiconductor transmission line theory were developed for calculating the induced voltages and currents. A transmission line return stroke model, that can predict the remote electromagnetic fields comparable to experimental observations, is also developed. Earlier works on modeling earth return impedances for transient studies in power distribution systems are not readily applicable for railways for lightning transients, in cases of low earth conductivities found in Sweden and for large variation in conductor heights. For the wires above ground, the ground impedance models were modified for wide range of frequencies, soil conductivities and wide spread of conductor heights. Influences of pole insulator flashovers, pole-footing soil ionizations and interconnections between the conductors on the lightning surge propagation are studied. Wave propagation in buried shielded and unshielded cables with ground return is studied. Simplified, valid and computationally efficient ground impedance expressions for buried and on-ground wires are proposed. A model for the coupling phenomena (transfer impedance) through multiple cable shields with multiconductor core is also proposed. Besides, experimental studies on lightning induced transients entering a railway technical house, failure modes of relay and rectifier units used in the train position/signaling applications for lightning transients are performed. A high frequency circuit model for the booster transformer for lightning interaction studies is developed. The simulation models are being converted to user-friendly software for the practicing engineers of the railway industry.

Durch die Ergänzung von Organoblechen mit gewebten Strukturen aus Metalldrähten können hochbelastbare Bauteile gleichzeitig mit einer abschirmenden Wirkung versehen werden und ermöglichen so Anwendungen wie beispielsweise im Umfeld der Elektromobilität. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein polypropylen-basierter Schichtverbund aus thermoplastischen Hochleistungsfaserverbunden und Metalldrahtgewebe hinsichtlich seiner Eignung zur Abschirmung elektromagnetischer Wellen für Gehäusestrukturen und seiner Verarbeitbarkeit im Spritzgießen näher analysiert. Die Untersuchungen zeigen den Einfluss von Defekten, wie sie bei der Herstellung realer Bauteile entstehen können, und deren Auswirkung auf die Abschirmwirkung des Bauteils. Darüber hinaus werden mit Vibrations-,Infrarot- und Heißgasschweißen mögliche Fügeverfahren aufgezeigt und hinsichtlich ihrer Abschirmwirkung bewertet, die auch eine elektrische Kontaktierung über die Fügestelle hinweg ermöglichen.:1 Einleitung 2 Grundlagen 3 Experimentelles 4 Analyseverfahren 5 Untersuchungsergebnisse 6 Zusammenfassende Bewertung der Ergebnisse 7 Zusammenfassung / By combining endless glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic semifinished products with embedded metal wire meshes it is possible to produce highly stressable parts, which additionally allow shielding of electromagnetic waves. Therefore these party can be used for electric cars. In this study a multi-layer film, consisting of polypropylene-based organosheets, PPGF30 and metal wire meshes, is analyzed regarding its suitability for shielding against electromagnetic waves and its processability in injection molding. The analysis show the influences defects, which accure during the production of housings, and their impact of the shielding effectiveness. Moreover possible joining technologies, such as infraredwelding, vibrationwelding and ultrasonicwelding, are studied and evaluated whether it’s possible to create a electrically conductive joint.:1 Einleitung 2 Grundlagen 3 Experimentelles 4 Analyseverfahren 5 Untersuchungsergebnisse 6 Zusammenfassende Bewertung der Ergebnisse 7 Zusammenfassung