It was the purpose of this study to determine whether one or a combination of adult readability formulas, when applied to shorthand dictation material, could predict difficulty, as well as to develop a shorthand formula for this specific purpose. In addition, the questions of comparative reliability and practicability were tested with respect to the two kinds of formulas as applied to the shorthand material.

This study was an experimental design, using twenty-two variables, twelve covariates, and six criterion measures. The purpose of the study was the effect of the use of selected transcription drills in beginning shorthand on the ability of students to produce both typewritten copy and mailable letters from shorthand notes. The bases for comparison were five minute timed transcription tests, three-minute dictation tests, and thirty-minute mailable letter production tests, of both previewed and unpreviewed material.

The aim of this study is to discover how many of the examined seventy-one places of higher education offer undergraduate commerce courses.

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A sample U. S. Civil Service shorthand test was given to 2,336 students of 66 Utah high school shorthand instructors to determine the efficiency of shorthand students in taking shorthand at 80 words per minute and transcribing it with 95 per cent accuracy. The test was also used to compare shorthand achievement through the use of typewriters in shorthand instruction, the location of the school, the size of class by number of students, and the length of the class period. Test scores were used as the means of comparison. The test results were coded and punched into cards. These cards were then tabulated by a computer and results were placed in table form for comparison at the .05 level of significance. Only 4.31 per cent of the students taking the test passed it with 95 per cent accuracy-- .4 per cent of the first -year students and 15.1 per cent of the second-year shorthand students. The programs of teaching had no effect on the students learning at the first- or second-year levels of instruction. The location of the school had an effect only on the second-year students where students did better in rural schools than in urban schools. The use of typewriters, class size, and class length all ad a significant effect on the students' l earning of shorthand according to the test results compared in this study.

Inaug.-diss.--Munich. / Lebenslauf. "Berichtigungen" slip mounted on p. 80. "Literaturverzeichnis": p. [79]-80.

Current textual studies of Finnegans Wake have identified sigla chiefly as notebook shorthand, but this thesis argues that this interpretation has enforced limitations on future research, owing to the lack of significance mere abbreviation has within literary analysis. The thesis aims to free sigla research from this restrictive critical viewpoint and overturn its present state of neglect in Joyce studies. The research studies the James Joyce Archive and uses a genetic approach. However, instead of its analytical focus being on the notebooks (where the majority of sigla are located), it contains case studies of diagrams from the chapter drafts which are designed using sigla shapes. I have shown the functions of three types of sigla: the first are 'static' (which are shown isolated and not in a relationship to any other characters, which would imply movement); the 'kinetic' status of sigla is a different actualisation of static sigla wherein they are presented in relationships with other sigla or in diagrams which imply their movement within a certain space; and finally the 'three dimensional' sigla are sigla which are brought to the status of a diagram on the basis of parallels between the siglum and meanings of the same shape in the tradition of knowledge. To analyse the narrating quality of a siglum, the minimal condition is that at least one character is in the final version of Finnegans Wake and in a draft drawing. This is the starting point wherein comparisons can be made or symmetries can be established. This process of analysis reveals plotlines and shows how sigla can move within the drawing's space. In conclusion, sigla function as elementary plot units, which develop the plot of Finnegans Wake.