This study focused on the spatial and temporal variation of water qualities and the phytoplankton and zooplankton standing crop of southwestern Taiwan. Data were collected from 30 cruises of research and fishermen vessels between August 1999 and December 2002. The yield of sergestid shrimp in this area was also analyzed for possible relationship with physical environment. Concentrations of phosphate and ammonia in the study area were highest in autumn, while the concentration of dissolved silicon peaked in winter; In spring, the concentration of all three nutrients similarly dropped to their lowest level. Regardless of seasonal variation, the concentration of dissolved silicon positively correlated with the water depth around the year. Positive correlation was found between phosphate and river discharge rates of Kao-Ping River in autumn. Negative correlation was found in spring, summer and autumn for ammonia, negative correlation in spring and autumn for dissolved silicon, respectively. Variations of phytoplankton in seasons and locations were also studied. Chlorophyll a blooms in winter but was at lowest level in summer. Concentration of total-chlorophyll a decreased with distance from the shoreline. Concentration of total-chlorophyll a negatively correlated with the river discharge rate in summer, but was positively correlated in winter. Nanophytoplankton (< 10 £gm) appeared to be the major component of phytoplankton. High standing crop of copepods was found at regions near the Liu-Chiu Yu, the estuary of Kao-Ping River, and near the coast. Significant positive correlation between phytoplankton and Copepoda standing crop indicates possible feeding and grazing relationship between them. Changes of the concentration of chlorophyll a corresponds with relative levels of phosphate and ammonia in some seasons. The period with the highest phytoplanktonic standing crop also coincides with the high yield season of sergestid shrimp (from November to March). Variation of Copepoda standing crop does not follow seasonal changes of phytoplankton. Based on the results from General Linear Model analysis, lunar phases, river discharge rates of Kao-Ping River, and the Fishing Effort (hrs/haul-boat) have significant effects on the yield (kgs/haul-boat) of sergestid shrimp respectively. The yield of sergestid shrimp in the full moon period and the last quarter of a lunar month is higher than other periods. The occurrence of thick thermocline water layer matched with the period of high CPUE of sergestid shrimp.

Seasonal hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico has been mapped extensively and is known to overlap the habitat of the brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus on the Louisiana continental shelf. Yet the impacts of Gulf hypoxia on the profitable brown shrimp fishery in Louisiana remain largely unknown. The problem is primarily attributable to nonpoint source pollution in the Mississippi River, but awareness of the problem has not resulted in an effective policy solution to stem this pollution to date. Using the combination of a quantitative data analysis to look for a correlation between Farfantepenaeus aztecus and hypoxic water, a survey mailed to shrimp fishers in Louisiana, and qualitative interviews with shrimp fishers and environmental activists and lawyers in Louisiana, I will examine the potential of a legal tool, the Public Trust doctrine, to slow nonpoint source pollution into the Mississippi River.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-27T12:12:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Elisabete Coentr?o Marques.pdf: 4697334 bytes, checksum: cf49a0c9505e071c1faaa85f0240e1be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T12:12:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Elisabete Coentr?o Marques.pdf: 4697334 bytes, checksum: cf49a0c9505e071c1faaa85f0240e1be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-19 / The primary production represented by agriculture, livestock and fishing is the basis for establishment of attitudes towards the quality in this area. A raw material obtained with excellence standards is the first step to providing a safe product for consumer. The implementation of quality management system is a factor of growth and business success. A shrimp fishery trawl is a shipping company for capture and storage shrimps, thus necessitating the systems implementation ensure shrimp?s quality and safety, because it?s perishable, high commercial value and export. The objective in this work was to implement a management quality organized, represented by Manual of good handling practices to ensure safety of hygienical-sanitary for shrimp. Used a case study holistic and descriptive in a shrimp fishery trawl. The evidence collection is given through intensive direct observation and documentation. Used as research tools a check-list of Good Manufacturing Practices in establishments products/food suppliers from Sanitary Surveillance National Agency. After the first evaluation, elaborated the Manual of Good Practices on Handling of Fish and guided improvement actions, defining the basic situations that involve the capture and transport with measures to ensure the safe and sanitary quality and the instructions theoretical and practical training to develop operational techniques. Good results was achieved with the Manual as speed in providing service with a reduction in average time of work execution on board around 37,5%, higher prodution volume and profit improvement by reducing the loss by errors in manipulation, and these losses have increased from 0,5% for 0,15% considered a virtually total flow of production. With Manual of Good Practice for Handling Fish observed benefits to shrimp fishery trawl, shaping the quality and indicating ways to control production. / A produ??o prim?ria representada pela agricultura, pecu?ria e pesca ? a base para o estabelecimento de atitudes em prol da qualidade na ?rea dos alimentos. Uma mat?ria-prima obtida com padr?es de qualidade de excel?ncia ? o primeiro passo para disponibiliza??o de um produto in?cuo para o consumidor. A aplica??o de sistema de gest?o da qualidade ? um fator de crescimento e sucesso empresarial. Camaroneiro ? uma empresa mar?tima destinada ? captura e armazenagem de camar?es, necessitando, portanto da implementa??o de sistemas que garantam a qualidade higi?nico-sanit?rio e a seguran?a dos camar?es, por ser produto perec?vel, de alto valor comercial e de exporta??o. O objetivo dessa pesquisa, baseando-se no Ciclo de Deming, como pressuposto de diretriz para documenta??o de sistema de gest?o da qualidade, foi elaborar o Manual de Boas Pr?ticas de Manipula??o para barco camaroneiro com orienta??o de a??es t?cnicas de processo como forma de valorizar a mercadoria frente ao mercado competitivo. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso hol?stico e descritivo em um barco camaroneiro. A coleta de evid?ncias se deu por meio da observa??o direta intensiva e da documenta??o. Usou-se como instrumental de pesquisa o check-list de Boas Pr?ticas de Fabrica??o em estabelecimentos produtos/comercializadores de alimentos da Ag?ncia Nacional de Vigil?ncia Sanit?ria. Ap?s a primeira avalia??o, elaborou-se o Manual de Boas Pr?ticas de Manipula??o do Pescado e orientou-se a??es de melhoria, definindo as situa??es b?sicas que envolvem a captura e transporte com medidas que garantam as condi??es de seguran?a higi?nico-sanit?rias e as instru??es de ensino te?rico e pr?tico para desenvolver as t?cnicas operacionais. Obteve-se bons resultados com o Manual com agilidade na presta??o do servi?o com diminui??o do tempo m?dio de execu??o do trabalho a bordo em torno de 37,5 %, maior volume de produ??o e melhoria dos lucros pela diminui??o das perdas do produto por manipula??o incorreta, sendo que estas perdas passaram de 0,5% para 0,15% considerado um escoamento praticamente total da produ??o. Com a introdu??o do Manual de Boas Pr?ticas de Manipula??o do Pescado no local observou-se benef?cios para a embarca??o, modelando a qualidade e indicando formas de controle da produ??o.

In the southeastern United States, skimmer trawls, pusher-head trawls, wing nets, and small try nets (headrope length less than 12-ft (3.66-m)) are exempt from using a turtle excluder device (TED) and instead must adhere to tow time restrictions as a mode to mitigate sea turtle bycatch. However, observer and stranding data indicate that these tow times may often be exceeded and result in mortality of sea turtles. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) published a notice of proposed rulemaking in December 2016 to extend TED requirements to other trawl types, however there has been limited development of specialized TEDs for these smaller trawls. In anticipation of a regulatory change, we developed and identified multiple versions of a top-opening TED with a minimum width of 28-in (71-cm) and height of 24-in (61-cm) as the best option for small trawl gears. Prototypes were initially equipped within small try nets and tested for gear performance and sea turtle exclusion in Panama City, Florida. The final designs were then tested for target shrimp retention, bycatch reduction, and general usability of TEDs in the commercial fisheries. A paired comparison test was conducted in 8-ft (2.44-m) and 10-ft (3.05-m) try nets aboard the NMFS R/V Caretta, three commercial skimmer trawls in vesselsFarfantepenaeus duorarum) fishery. There was a general reduction of shrimp and bycatch averaging from a minimum loss of 3.31% in the Miami wing net fishery (FV FL-01) to 22.07% in the skimmer trawl fishery (FV LA-01). This dissertation research indicates that TEDs can function properly in small trawl types, however additional studies are recommended to minimize the shrimp loss and improve the overall TED effectiveness specific to each fishery and trawl type evaluated.