Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-69). Also available via the Internet.

Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine)-containing herbicides are a common and highly effective method to terminate alfalfa (Medicago sativa) stands. With the development and use of glyphosate-resistant (Roundup Ready®) alfalfa, this tool is no longer an option. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimal strategy to rotate from glyphosate-resistant alfalfa into silage corn (Zea mays). Studies were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at sites near Cache Junction and Cornish, Utah to determine the effect of tillage type and timing [fall conventional till (FCT), spring conventional till (SCT), fall strip-till (FST), spring strip-till (SST), and no-till (NT)], 2,4-D plus dicamba herbicide timing (fall, spring, in-crop, and a control), and N rate (0, 56, 112, and 224 kg N ha-1) on soil penetration resistance (PR), alfalfa re-growth, and corn emergence rate index (ERI), silage yield, quality, and economic return. The fall, spring, and in-crop herbicide timings across all tillage treatments reduced alfalfa stem count and biomass by at least 95% and 98%, respectively. Tillage reduced PR compared to NT to or near the depth of tillage. The ERI was significantly higher under FCT, SCT, and SST and when herbicides were applied in fall or spring. Silage yield, quality, and economic return were the highest when spring herbicide timing was used with all tillage types and timings and the fall herbicide timing under conventional tillage. Increasing N rates increased crude protein, milk ha-1, and dry matter yield. However, optimal yield and quality can be obtained with no additional N fertilizer. First-year silage corn yield, quality, and economic return can be optimized under fall or spring conventional till, strip-till, and no-till at the spring herbicide timing along with the fall herbicide timing for conventional tillage with no additional N fertilizer.

<p>Savremena poljoprivredana proizvodnja mora da odgovori na sve veće zahteve u pogledu za&scaron;tite životne sredine, smanjenja tro&scaron;kova proizvodnje i rasta tražnje za visoko kvalitetnim i zdravstveno bezbednim proizvodima. U takvim uslovima, jedan od odgovora poljoprivrednih proizvođača na postavljene izazove je i gajenje ozimih međuuseva jer oni mogu pružiti različite ekolo&scaron;ke i proizvodne prednosti u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji. Zbog toga, cilj rada je ispitati koje biljne vrste se mogu gajiti kao ozimi međuusevi u na&scaron;im agroekolo&scaron;kim uslovima, kakav je njihov uticaj na zemlji&scaron;te, kakve su prednosti njihove primene za stočnu hranu ili za zeleni&scaron;no đubrenje i kakav im je uticaj na sledeći usev. Ogled je postavljen na tri lokaliteta po metodi slučajnog blok sistema u tri ponavljanja. Istraživanja su izvr&scaron;ena u dva proizvodna ciklusa, od oktobra 2011. godine, kada su posejani ozimi međuusevi, do septembra 2013. kada je poko&scaron;en kukuruz za silažu. Biljne vrste kori&scaron;ćene za ozime međuuseve su maljava grahorica (Vicia vilosa Roth., sorta NS-Sirmium), ozimi tritikale (x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus, sorta Odisej) i njihova sme&scaron;a. Pored varijanti sa ozimim međuusevima u ogled su uključene i varijante sa đubrenjem mineralnim azotom prema N-min metodi do 120 kg/ha azota (N1) i do 160 kg/ha azota (N2), kao i kontrola. Ozimi međuusevi posejani u prvom bloku su kori&scaron;ćeni za krmu, dok su međuusevi posejani u drugom bloku zaorani. U zavisnosti od vremenskih uslova ispitivane biljne vrste i njihove sme&scaron;e gajene kao ozimi međuusevi, mogu da ostvare visoke prinose. Njihovim zaoravanjem značajno se može popraviti sadržaj mineralnog azota u zemlji&scaron;tu i obezbediti značajno povećanje proizvodnje kabaste stočne hrane na gazdinstvima. Dinamika mineralnog azota u zemlji&scaron;tu visoko je zavisna od ozimih međuuseva i najniži sadržaj azota je posle njihove žetve. Od ispitivanih vrsta, najvi&scaron;u količinu azota iznosi tritikale, zatim ozima krmna sme&scaron;a, a najmanje ozima grahorica. Od setve do žetve silažnog kukuruza, sadržaj mineralnog azota u zemlji&scaron;tu se povećava na svim tretmanima. Sadržaj mineralnog azota na kraju vegetacije je vi&scaron;i na tretmanima gde je zelena masa međuuseva odneta sa parcele. Međutim, preostala<br />količina azota (ARNS) posle žetve kukuruza statistički je značajno vi&scaron;a na tretmanima gde su zaorani ozimi međuusevi od tretmana gde su oni odneti sa parcele i kreće se u intervalu od 66 do 150 kg N ha-1, a najveća je posle ozime krmne sme&scaron;e. Prinosi zelene mase kukuruza u naknadnoj setvi posle ozimih međuuseva niži su u odnosu na varijante sa đubrenjem i kontrolu i kreću se od 6,6 t ha-1 do 22 t ha-1, dok kvalitet silokrme zadovoljava energetski potencijal kao i sadržaj proteina i minerala za kvalitetnu ishranu stoke na gazdinstvima. Datum</p> / <p>A modern agricultural production must respond to increasing demands in terms of environmental protection, reduction of production costs and an increased demand for high quality, safe and healthy products. In such conditions, one of the responses of agricultural producers to the challenges posed is also cultivation of winter cover crops, because they can provide different advantages in agricultural production in terms of ecology and production. Therefore, the aim of the research is to examine which plant species can be cultivated as winter cover crops in our agroecological conditions, their impact on the soil, the benefits of their application as animal feed or green fertilizer, and the impact they have on the subsequent crop. The field experiment was conducted on three locations using the&nbsp; random block design with replications. The research was carried out in two production cycles, from October 2011, when the winter cover crops were sown, to September 2013, when corn was reaped for silage. Herbaceous species used for winter cover crops are hairy vetch (Vicia vilosa Roth., variety NS-Sirmium), winter triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm. Ex A. Camus, Odyssey variety) and their mixture. In addition to variants with winter cover crops, variants with fertilization with mineral nitrogen according to the N-min method up to 120 kg/ha of nitrogen (N1) and up to 160 kg/ha of nitrogen (N2), as well as a control, are included in the field experiment. Winter cover crops sown in the first block were used for fodder, while the winter cover crops sown in the second block were ploughed. Depending on&nbsp; weather conditions of the tested plant species and their mixture grown as winter cover crops, they can achieve high yields. Their ploughing can significantly improve the content of mineral nitrogen in soil and provide a significant increase in voluminous fodder production in farms. The dynamics of mineral nitrogen in soil is highly dependent on winter cover crops and the nitrogen content is the lowest after their harvest. Out of the tested species, the highest&nbsp; nitrogen uptake was by triticale, then winter forage mix and the smallest by winter vetch. In the period from sowing to harvest of silage corn, the<br />content of mineral nitrogen in soil increases with all treatments. The content of mineral nitrogen at the end of the vegetation is higher with treatments where the green mass of the cover crops were taken away from the plot. However, the remaining quantity of nitrogen (ARNS) after corn harvest was, statistically speaking, significantly higher in treatments where winter cover crops were ploughed, from the treatment where they were taken away from the plot and ranges from 66 to 150 kg N ha-1; the largest nitrogen content was measured after winter forage mix. The green mass yields of corn in subsequent sowing after winter cover crops are lower compared to fertilized variants and the control and range from 6.6 t ha-1 to 22 t ha-1, while the quality of silage meets the energy potential, as well as the content of proteins and minerals for quality livestock feed on farms.</p>

In zwei Berichten werden der Einfluss von Saattermin und Gülledüngung sowie unterschiedliche Maßnahmen zur Unkrautregulierung auf Ertrag und Qualität von Silomais im ökologischen Landbau dokumentiert. Ein früher Saattermin erhöht die TM-Erträge. Alle geprüften Ausbringungsverfahren an Rindergülle (vor Saat breitflächig, Unterfußdüngung, 2-Blattstadium Injektion, 6-8-Blattstadium Schleppschlauch) sind praxistauglich und führen zu höheren Erträgen und besseren Qualitäten. Die Feldversuche zeigen, dass je nach vorhandener Technik verschiedene Strategien der Unkrautregulierung erfolgreich umgesetzt werden können.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate and compare production of biomass and dry matter of silage corn hybrids with different time of earliness - Ronaldinio (Z 240/S 250), Agro Vitallo (Z 270/S 280) and Balasco (Z 370/S 380). This experiment was realized on a field near České Budějovice ( 400 m.a.s.l.) and the resuls were compared to results of a pilot plant experiment realised by KWS OSIVA s.r.o. in ZOD Podhradí Choustník ( 562 m.a.s.l.). All startings of phonological phases were studied according to BBCH-scale in the course of vegetation period. Samples were taken before the harvest to test for contents of dry matter in biomass. They were used to determine the optimal harvest period. These parametres were observed during the harvest : plant height, biomass yield, dry matter of biomass, corncobs yield, share of corncobs, dry matter of corncobs, dry matter yield. The resuls showed succesful use of corn hybrids with higher FAO number (Balasco) in areas of less favourable conditions. Corn is one of the plants very dependent on the course of the year.

In zwei Berichten werden der Einfluss von Saattermin und Gülledüngung sowie unterschiedliche Maßnahmen zur Unkrautregulierung auf Ertrag und Qualität von Silomais im ökologischen Landbau dokumentiert. Ein früher Saattermin erhöht die TM-Erträge. Alle geprüften Ausbringungsverfahren an Rindergülle (vor Saat breitflächig, Unterfußdüngung, 2-Blattstadium Injektion, 6-8-Blattstadium Schleppschlauch) sind praxistauglich und führen zu höheren Erträgen und besseren Qualitäten. Die Feldversuche zeigen, dass je nach vorhandener Technik verschiedene Strategien der Unkrautregulierung erfolgreich umgesetzt werden können.

Corn (Zea mays L.) hectarage has increased rapidly in Utah and Idaho in recent years due to expansion of the dairy industry, but little is known about corn production practices that optimize yield and quality of silage corn in semi-arid irrigated cropping systems. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter yield and quality effects of corn hybrids grown in different plant densities and row widths in the Intermountain West. Field experiments were conducted under irrigation in 2015 and 2016 at locations near North Logan, Utah and Jerome, Idaho. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-split plot arrangement with four replications. The whole plot treatment was hybrid (DKC 49-29, DKC 56-54, and DKC 61-88), the sub-plot treatment was row width (76 and 51-cm), and the sub-sub plot treatment was plant density (61,776 to 123,552 plants ha-1 at intervals of 12,355 plants ha-1). The 51-cm row width resulted in forage dry matter yield increases of 4-7% over corn in 76-cm rows. Hybrids differed in response to row width, with no difference detected for the 99-RM hybrid but a significant yield increase for the 106- and 111-RM hybrids by planting in narrow rows. Yield increased quadratically as plant population increased from 61,776 to 123,552 plants ha-1 for all hybrids. The only forage nutritive value that was influenced by row spacing was crude protein (CP), where the 76-cm row spacing showed a 4.5% advantage over the 51-cm row width. Starch increased approximately 3% from the lowest to highest plant densities tested. Net returns showed possible positive increases when comparing row width adjustments. Silage corn yield and quality in the Intermountain West appears to be optimized in 51-cm rows at a plant population between 86,487 and 98,842 plants ha-1.