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Design and Implementation of Transmission-Modulated Photoconductive Decay System for Recombination Lifetime MeasurementsErdman, Emily Clare January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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Defect-enhanced Silicon Photodiodes for Photonic Integrated CircuitsLogan, Dylan 10 1900 (has links)
<p>The continuous reduction of feature size in silicon-based electronic integrated circuits (ICs) is accompanied by devastating propagation delay time and power consumption that have become known as the “Interconnect Bottleneck”. Optical interconnection is a proposed solution that is poised to revolutionize the data transmission both within and between ICs. By forming the optical transmission and functional elements from silicon, they can be monolithically incorporated with standard ICs using the established CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) infrastructure with minimal incremental cost. A key required functional element is the photodetector, which provides optical-toelectrical conversion of signals. In this thesis, a method of achieving such conversion is explored, which uses the optical absorption at 1550 nm wavelengths provided by lattice defects. The physics governing defect-enhanced silicon waveguide photodiode operation is described, and a device model is used to verify the posited detection process and propose design improvements. The model was used to design a novel photodetector structure using a waveguide formed by the LOCOS (LOCal Oxidation of Silicon) process with a poly-silicon self-aligned contact. The fabricated device exhibited a responsivity of 47 mA/W, providing an improvement over previous devices of similar dimensions, although were ultimately limited by the quality of the poly-silicon/silicon interface. A sub-micron waveguide photodiode fabrication process using electron-beam lithography was developed, which produced photodiodes with responsivities of 490 mA/W. This process was used to integrate photodiodes onto micro-ring resonators, which exhibit resonant enhanced photocurrent. The physics of this enhancement were explored, and found to produce a 50 μm long resonant photodiode of responsivity equal to that of a 3 mm long non-resonant photodiode. Lastly, the integration of such sub-micron photodiodes as functioning power monitors throughout photonic circuits was demonstrated as a means to characterize and tune micro-rings during operation.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Design of Silicon Photonics External Cavity LaserZheng, Jiamin January 2014 (has links)
<p>The development of silicon photonics, driven by the increasing demand for bandwidth from data centre applications, is receiving growing attention. As a result of the indirect bandgap of Si material, it is more practical to heterogeneously incorporate the laser source than fabricate directly on Si. Of all the approaches, an external cavity laser (ECL) approach which consists of III-V gain material and Si photonic integrated circuit (SiPIC), is a flexible and cost effective solution. This thesis captures theoretical and experimental work on the design of SiPIC ECLs. In addition, a four wavelength laser source using an SiPIC ECL scheme is proposed and studied.</p> <p>The theoretical tool is first introduced on the traveling wave model (TWM) and it is numerically solved with FDTD in Matlab. A digital filter approach is used to describe the feedback from an SiPIC external cavity, where the phase delay of the digital filter is investigated and utilized to set the cavity length.</p> <p>The III-V gain chip and SiPIC are then examined separately for their characterization, along with the coupling and feedback requirements in an ECL design.</p> <p>Lastly, experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of four wavelength ECLs and SiPIC ECLs.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
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Performance considerations in high-speed TDFA-band silicon photonic micro-ring resonator modulatorsHagan, David January 2019 (has links)
The ever-increasing bandwidth requirements to support telecommunications infrastructure
necessitates large-scale fabrication of low-cost and scalable silicon photonic integrated circuits. Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) schemes are fundamentally limited in the number of channels supported in long-haul transmission by the erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). To address this, researchers have turned focus toward the thulium doped fiber amplifier (TDFA), which provides 3× more bandwidth. This thesis describes the development of high-speed silicon-on-insulator (SOI) micro-ring resonator (MRR) modulators optimized for wavelengths in the TDFA band. Chapter 2 presents a theoretical performance comparison between MRR modulators designed for optimized use at EDFA and TDFA wavelengths. Chapter 3 presents an experimental study of optical loss mechanisms at extended wavelengths which suggests reduced waveguide scattering and enhanced divacancy defect absorption as well as larger bending and substrate leakage losses when compared with shorter wavelengths. An electronic variable optical attenuator is characterized in Chapter 4 to experimentally verify the predicted 1.7× TDFA-band free-carrier effect enhancement over EDFA-band wavelengths. The
first steady-state operation of an MMR modulator near a central wavelength of 1.97 µm is also demonstrated under the enhanced free-carrier effect. Chapter 5 demonstrates the first high-speed reverse bias operation of an MRR modulator with a measured bandwidth of 12.5 GHz, and an on-chip optical link consisting of a modulator followed by a defectmediated detector with open eye-diagrams up to data rates of 12.5 Gbps. Chapter 6 introduces an electrically-driven post-fabrication defect-assisted resonance trimming technique via local annealing for use in MRR devices. Chapter 7 presents a Monte Carlo simulation of resonance alignment in multi-MRR systems subjected to spatially-correlated wafer variation created through the Virtual Wafer Model process to predict thermal power consumption and power reduction through resonance trimming. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Fabrication, Design and Characterization of Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguide Amplifiers Coated in Erbium-Doped Tellurium OxideNaraine, Cameron January 2020 (has links)
This research introduces tellurium oxide (TeO2) glass doped with optically active erbium
ions (Er3+) as an active oxide cladding material for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides
for realization of a silicon-based erbium-doped waveguide amplifier (EDWA) for
integrated optics. Optical amplification of this nature is enabled by energy transitions,
such as stimulated absorption and emission, within the shielded 4f shell of the rare-earth
atomic structure caused by excitation from photons incident on the system. Er3+ ions
are doped into the TeO2 film during deposition onto the SOI waveguides using a reactive
magnetron co-sputtering system operated by McMaster’s Centre for Emerging Device
Technologies (CEDT). Prior to fabrication, the waveguides are designed using photonic
CAD software packages, for optimization of the modal behaviour in the device, and Matlab,
for characterization of the optical gain performance through numerical analysis of
the rate and propagation equations of the Er3+-based energy system. Post fabrication,
the waveguide loss and gain of the coated devices are experimentally measured. The
fabricated waveguide amplifier produces a peak signal enhancement of 3.84 dB at 1533
nm wavelength for a 1.7 cm-long waveguide device. High measured waveguide losses (>
10 dB/cm) produce a negative internal net gain per unit length. However, the demonstration
and implementation of an active rare-earth doped cladding material on a silicon
waveguide is successful, which is a major step in developing integrated optical amplifiers
for conventional silicon photonics platforms. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
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Automatic Measurement Setup for new Optical FPGA:sLundberg, Tommy, Nee, Daniel January 2019 (has links)
Aiming to reduce research and development times in the field of silicon photonics, this paper presents a method for automatized device testing. Focus lies on automatic optical coupling between the grating couplers on a chip and optical fibers and efficient switching between devices when performing laboratory tests on silicon photonic chips. A lab setup with high precision motorized stages has been built and an algorithm for finding the best optical coupling between fiber and chip, based on the light distribution properties of the fiber, has been implemented. The project results shows that, while these methods have the potential of considerable time savings, further testing is needed.
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Towards Compact and High Speed Silicon ModulatorsBrimont ., Antoine Christian Jacques 12 January 2012 (has links)
Los moduladores son elementos claves para la transmisión de la señal y el procesamiento de la información. Las técnicas de fabricación avanzadas "complementary metal-oxide semiconductor" (CMOS) permiten reducir drásticamente las dimensiones de estos dispositivos de interés para la implementación a gran escala en un chip de silicito a bajo coste. El trabajo realizado en esta tesis se centra en el diseño, la fabricación y la caracterización de estructuras de onda lenta con el objetivo de realizar moduladores compactos y eficientes integrados en un chip de silicio. El trabajo se divide en cuatro capítulos y un capítulo de conclusión y perspectivas. El capítulo uno introduce los fundamentos de física del estado sólido y de los mecanismos básicos de propagación guiada de la luz por reflexión total interna. El capítulo dos presenta los parámetros importantes de los moduladroes electro-ópticos así como un trabajo de recopilación de todos los mecanismos físicos que pueden ser empleados para modular la luz en silicio. Además, se presenta el estado del arte de los moduladores basados en silicio. El capítulo tres presenta el diseño , fabricación y caracterización de un modulador electro-óptico en silicio compacto y eficiente basado en el efecto de onda lenta en una estructura periódica unidimensional integrada, cuya geometría, similar a la de una red de Bragg, permite reducir la velocidad de grupo de un paquetes de ondas. Dicho efecto, se emplea para incrementar la interacción luz-materia y por lo tanto la eficiencia del modulador electro-óptico. El capítulo cuatro demuestra experimentalmente que dicha guía unidimensional periódica puede ser mejorada a fin de conseguir que el efecto de baja velocidad de grupo suceda en un rango mayor de longitudes de onda para posibles aplicaciones como la multiplexación por división de longitudinal de onda. En el capítulo cinco, se proporcionan conclusiones y perspectivas sobre el trabajo realizado. / Brimont ., ACJ. (2011). Towards Compact and High Speed Silicon Modulators [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/14345
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Development of integrated silicon photonics modulation devices for digital and analog applicationsGutiérrez Campo, Ana María 08 November 2013 (has links)
Silicon photonics is one of the most exciting and fastest growing photonic technologies
in recent years. The salient feature of this technology is its compatibility with the
mature silicon IC manufacturing based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
(CMOS) processes widely used in microelectronic industry. Another motivation is the
availability of high-quality silicon-on-insulator (SOI) planar waveguide circuits that
offer strong optical confinement due to the high index contrast between silicon (n=3.45)
and SiO2 (n=1.45). This opens up miniaturization and very large scale integration of
photonic devices allowing photonic integrated circuits for a wide range of applications
and markets, from optical telecommunications to bio-photonic devices or precise fibre
sensors. Optical modulators are key building-blocks for high speed signal transmission
and information processing in any photonic interconnection solution. The work
developed in this thesis, as part of the objectives of the European project HELIOS in
which it is framed, is essentially focused on realizing compact and efficient modulators
integrated on silicon chips.
The thesis consists of three main chapters as well as the concluding section on the
work accomplished. Chapter one is aimed at giving a general description of the benefits
of using silicon photonics, showing its challenges and opportunities as well as at giving
a deeply overview of all issues related to the electro-optic modulation. Chapter two is
devoted to develop silicon modulators with high features for digital applications.
Specifically, new optical structures different to the conventional ones are presented with
the aim of enhancing the modulation performance or at least several critical parameters
in the modulation. Chapter three is dedicated to the analog applications. The concept of
microwave photonics is described as well as different researches carried out in the
analog scope for application in the field of integrated microwave photonics, all of them
using CMOS-compatible electro-optic silicon modulators which validate the potential of
silicon photonics as a promising approach for enabling the development of integrated
microwave photonics applications. Finally, conclusions on the work realized are
provided in Chapter 4. / La fotónica de silicio es una de las tecnologías fotónicas que está experimentando un
crecimiento más excitante y rápido en los últimos años. La característica más destacada
de esta tecnología es su compatibilidad con las maduras técnicas de fabricación de
circuitos integrados de silicio basadas en los procesos ¿complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor¿ (CMOS) ampliamente utilizados en la industria microelectrónica. Otra
motivación es la disponibilidad de circuitos de guía de ondas planas de silicio sobre
aislante (SOI) de alta calidad que ofrecen un fuerte confinamiento óptico debido al alto
contraste índices entre el silicio (n=3,45) y el SiO2 (n = 1,45). Esto abre las puertas a la
miniaturización y a la integración a gran escala de dispositivos fotónicos lo que resulta
en circuitos fotónicos integrados para una amplia gama de aplicaciones y mercados,
desde telecomunicaciones ópticas a dispositivos bio-fotónicos o sensores de fibra
precisos. Los moduladores ópticos son elementos básicos fundamentales para la
transmisión de señales a alta velocidad y el procesado de información en cualquier
solución de interconexión fotónica. El trabajo desarrollado en esta tesis, como parte del
los objetivos del proyecto Europeo HELIOS en el que está enmarcada, se centra
fundamentalmente en realizar moduladores compactos y eficientes, integrados en chips
de silicio.
La tesis consiste en 3 capítulos principales así como una sección de conclusiones del
trabajo conseguido. El capítulo uno está destinado a dar una descripción general de los
beneficios del uso de la fotónica de silicio, mostrando sus retos y oportunidades, así
como a dar una visión profunda de todos los aspectos relacionados con la modulación
electro-óptica. El capítulo dos está dedicado a desarrollar moduladores de silicio de altas
prestaciones para aplicaciones digitales. Específicamente, se presentan nuevas
estructuras ópticas diferentes a las convencionales con el objetivo de mejorar el
rendimiento de la modulación o al menos algunos parámetros críticos en la modulación.
El tercer capítulo se dedica a las aplicaciones analógicas. Se describe el concepto de la
fotónica de microondas, así como diferentes investigaciones llevadas a cabo en el
ámbito analógico para su aplicación en el campo de la fotónica integrada de
microondas, todas ellas usando moduladores electro-ópticos de silicio compatibles con
los procesos de fabricación CMOS, lo que valida el potencial de la fotónica de silicio
como un prometedor enfoque para permitir el desarrollo de aplicaciones de la fotónica
integrada de microondas. Por último, las conclusiones sobre el trabajo realizado se
proporcionan en el Capítulo 4. / Gutiérrez Campo, AM. (2013). Development of integrated silicon photonics modulation devices for digital and analog applications [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/33330
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Ultrafast, CMOS compatible, integrated all optical switchingMatres Abril, Joaquín 09 June 2014 (has links)
El proyecto consistirá en implementar funcionalidades fotónicas avanzadas sobre silicio tales como conmutación ultra rápida o la realización de puertas lógicas todo ópticas. Para ello se emplearán efectos no lineales del silicio basados en el efecto Kerr, producido por el coeficiente no lineal de tercer orden chi(3) .Los dispositivos deberán funcionar al menos a 40Gbps para que sean competitivos con los dispositivos actuales de última generación. También deberán ser compatibles con tecnología CMOS, lo cual es crucial para que la fabricación se pueda realizar a gran escala a precios competitivos. / Matres Abril, J. (2014). Ultrafast, CMOS compatible, integrated all optical switching [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/37984
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Development of high sensitivity photonic sensing structures based on porous silicon substratesCaroselli, Raffaele 10 September 2018 (has links)
La salud y el bienestar siempre han sido el centro de atención de muchas instituciones de investigación y empresas de todo el mundo. Esto llevó a la tecnología a desarrollarse en los campos químico, biológico, médico y clínico con el objetivo de proporcionar una mejor protección al ser humano. Como consecuencia, ha surgido una competición entre el tiempo necesario para que la enfermedad progrese y el tiempo necesario para que el hombre trate dicha enfermedad. Para ganar esta competición, es necesario actuar con anticipación, cuando la enfermedad aún no está demasiado desarrollada. Esto es posible realizando una detección precoz de la enfermedad. El logro de este objetivo allana el camino para el desarrollo de dispositivos ópticos de biosensado capaces de detectar la presencia de ciertas moléculas en concentraciones extremadamente bajas. Entre ellos, las estructuras integradas fotónicas están teniendo un gran éxito debido a su considerablemente alta sensibilidad. Sin embargo, el mecanismo de detección de estas estructuras se basa en la interacción entre la onda evanescente, que se propaga a lo largo de la superficie de la estructura, y el analito a detectar. De esta forma, no todo el campo que se propaga en la estructura fotónica se usa con fines de detección, sino solo una pequeña cantidad de éste. Esto representa una limitación crucial de los sensores basados en fotónica integrada.
El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es superar esta limitación y desarrollar estructuras fotónicas de sensado más sensibles que sean capaces de detectar las concentraciones más bajas posibles. Con este objetivo, nos centramos en el estudio del silicio poroso como plataforma para el desarrollo de estructuras ópticas con sensibilidades extremadamente altas gracias a que la interacción de sensado se realiza directamente dentro de la propia estructura, lo que permite explotar todo el campo que se propaga. / Health and well-being have always been the center of attention of many research institutions and companies around the world. This led the technology to develop in the chemical, biological, medical and clinical fields with the aim to provide a better protection to the human being. As a consequence, a competition is born between the time necessary to the disease to progress and the time necessary to man to treat such disease. In order to win this competition, it is necessary to act with anticipation, when disease is not too developed yet. This is possible by performing an early-detection. The achievement of this goal paves the way for the development of optical biosensing devices able to detect the presence of certain molecules at extremely low concentrations. Among them, photonic integrated structures are finding a great success due to their considerably high sensitivity. However, the sensing mechanism of these structures is based on the interaction between the evanescent wave, propagating along the structure surface, and the target analyte to detect. In this way, not all the field propagating in the photonic structure is used for sensing purposes, but rather only a small amount of it. This represents a crucial limitation of the integrated photonics based sensors.
The aim of this PhD Thesis is to overcome this limitation and to develop more sensitive photonic sensing structures able to detect the lowest concentration possible. To this aim, we focused on the study of porous silicon as platform for the development of optical structures with extremely high sensitivities thanks to the fact that the sensing interaction takes place directly inside the structure itself, allowing to exploit all the field propagating in the structure. / La salut i el benestar sempre han sigut el centre d'atenció de moltes institucions de recerca i empreses de tot el món. Açò va portar a la tecnologia a desenvolupar-se en els camps químic, biològic, mèdic i clínic amb l'objectiu de proporcionar una millor protecció a l'ésser humà. Com a conseqüència, ha sorgit una competició entre el temps necessari per que la malaltia progresse i el temps necessari per que l'home tracte aquesta malaltia. Per a guanyar aquesta competició, és necessari actuar amb anticipació, quan la malaltia encara no està massa desenvolupada. Açò és possible realitzant una detecció precoç de la malaltia. L'assoliment d'aquest objectiu facilita el camí per al desenvolupament de dispositius òptics de biosensat capaços de detectar la presència de certes molècules en concentracions extremadament baixes. Entre ells, les estructures fotòniques integrades estan tenint un gran èxit a causa de la seua considerablement alta sensibilitat. No obstant açò, el mecanisme de detecció d'aquestes estructures es basa en la interacció entre l'ona evanescent, que es propaga al llarg de la superfície de l'estructura, i l'analit a detectar. D'aquesta forma, no tot el camp que es propaga en l'estructura fotònica s'usa amb finalitats de detecció, sinó solament una xicoteta quantitat d'aquest. Açò representa una limitació crucial dels sensors basats en fotònica integrada.
L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi doctoral és superar aquesta limitació i desenvolupar estructures fotòniques de sensat més sensibles que siguen capaces de detectar les concentracions més baixes possibles. Amb aquest objectiu, ens centrem en l'estudi del silici porós com a plataforma per al desenvolupament d'estructures òptiques amb sensibilitats extremadament altes gràcies a que la interacció de sensat es realitza directament dins de la pròpia estructura, el que permet explotar tot el camp que es propaga. / Caroselli, R. (2018). Development of high sensitivity photonic sensing structures based on porous silicon substrates [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/107318
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