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Master equation approach to KPZ type growth /Neergaard, John R., January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [144]-155).
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Polymere im endlichen VolumenRother, Frank. Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
Universiẗat, Diss., 1998--Essen. / Textformat: PDF.
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From localization to delocalization: numerical studies of transport in disordered systemsRömer, Rudolf 22 June 2000 (has links) (PDF)
The present thesis reviews my scientific works on disordered systems
from 1995 until today. They can be roughly categorized into three main
classes: (1) non-interacting disordered systems, (2) the
two-interacting particle problem, and (3) the interplay of disorder
and many-particle interaction. A (4)th chapter is concerned with the
implementation of the numerical algorithms. The structure of the
thesis reflects this division. The reprints have been added at the end
of these main divisions according to their context. For the
convenience of the reader, I have ordered them in each chapter
alphabetically according to the names of the authors. Furthermore, in
each citation of my work, the starting page number in the thesis is
given, e.g, Ref.\ \cite{EPR97} refers to a paper of Eckle, Punnoose
and myself and can be found on page \pageref{EPR97}. Citations which
do not refer to my work are numbered and are ordered in the
bibliography according to the names of the authors.
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Physics and bioinformatics of RNALiu, Tsunglin, January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-108).
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Competing population : effects of diverse preferences and a finite-size scaling theory of dynamical transitions /Lim, Sze-Wah. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-54). Also available in electronic version.
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Universal finite-size scaling function for coarsening in the Potts model with conserved dynamicsJanke, Wolfhard, Majumder, Suman, Das, Subir K. 09 June 2023 (has links)
We study kinetics of phase segregation in multicomponent mixtures via Monte
Carlo simulations of the q-state Potts model, in two spatial dimensions, for 2 ≤ q ≤ 20. The
associated growth of domains in finite boxes, irrespective of q and temperature, can be described
by a single universal finite-size scaling function, with only the introduction of a nonuniversal
metric factor in the scaling variable. Our results show that although the scaling function is
independent of the type of transition, the q-dependence of the metric factor hints to a crossover
at q = 5 where the type of transition in the model changes from second to first order.
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Critical Properties Of Small World Ising ModelsZhang, Xingjun 10 December 2005 (has links)
In this dissertation, the critical scaling behavior of magnetic Ising models with long range interactions is studied. These long range interactions, when imposed in addition to interactions on a regular lattice, lead to small-world graphs. By using large-scale Monte Carlo simulations, together with finite-size scaling, the critical behavior of a number of different models is obtained. The Ising models studied in this dissertation include the z-model introduced by Scalettar, standard small-world bonds superimposed on a square lattice, and physical small-world bonds superimposed on a square lattice. From the scaling results of the Binder 4th order cumulant, the order parameter, and the susceptibility, the long-range interaction is found to drive the systems behavior from Ising-like to mean field, and drive the critical point to a higher temperature. It is concluded that with a large amount of strong long-range connections (compared to the interactions on regular lattices), so the long-range connection density is non-vanishing, systems have mean field behavior. With a weak interaction that vanishes for an infinite system size or for vanishing density of long-range connections the systems have Ising-like critical behavior. The crossover from Ising-like to meanield behavior due to weak long-range interactions for systems with a large amount of long-range connections is also discussed. These results provide further evidence to support the existence of physical (quasi-) small-world nanomaterials.
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Polímero com monômeros e ligações interagentes na rede quadrada / Polymer with monomers and bonds interacting in square latticeMachado, Kleber Daum 09 February 2001 (has links)
Utilizando a técnica da matriz de transferência e as ideias de finite-size scaling, de renormalização fenomenológica e de invariância conforme estudamos dois modelos de polímeros interagentes na rede quadrada. Em ambos, a atividade de um monômero pertencente ao polímero vale x = e. Quando as interações são entre as ligações primeiras-vizinhas que pertencem ao polímero definimos um fator de Boltzmann associado à interação como sendo = e-l, onde l é a energia de interação entre ligações. Se as interações são entre os monômeros que pertencem a sítios primeiros-vizinhos mas não-consecutivos o fator de Boltzmann associado à interação é z = e-m , sendo m a energia de interação entre os monômeros. Através do estudo de pares de tiras de larguras L-L obtivemos estimativas para os diagramas de fases dos dois modelos. Ambos apresentam três fases: uma fase não-polimerizada, uma fase polimerizada usual e uma fase polimerizada densa, na qual o polímero se encontra colapsado. Nessa fase, o polímero assume uma configuração que maximiza o número de interações, de modo que a densidade de sítios ocupados pelo polímero tende a 1 e a densidade de interações assume valores muito próximos de 1. Os diagramas de fases dos dois modelos são qualitativamente semelhantes, havendo diferenças quantitativas, já esperadas. As transições entre a fase não polimerizada e a fase polimerizada densa são de primeira ordem. A transição entre a fase não polimerizada e a fase polimerizada usual é de segunda ordem, e um ponto dessa fronteira, que corresponde ao modelo sem interações ( = 1 ou z = 1, dependendo do modelo), é bem conhecido [1-3] e vale xc = 0,37905227 ± 0,00000012. A transição entre as fases polimerizadas é de primeira ordem para valores pequenos de x, mas muda para uma transição de segunda ordem quando x aumenta. Nessa fronteira existe um ponto tri crítico, que foi estimado em ( xPTC = 1,5 ± 0,1, yPTC = 1,1 ± 0,1 ), para o modelo de ligações interagentes. No caso do modelo de monômeros interagentes, não foi possível obter uma estimativa conclusiva a respeito da localização do ponto tri crítico. No encontro das três fronteiras existe um ponto crítico terminal, no qual terminam a linha de transições de segunda ordem entre a fase não polimerizada e a fase polimerizada usual, a linha de transições descontínuas entre as duas fases polimerizadas e a linha de transições de primeira ordem entre as fases não polimerizadas e a polimerizada densa. Os valores estimados por nós são (xPCT = 0,244 ± 0,002, yPCT = 3,86 ± 0,03) para o modelo de ligações interagentes e (xPCT = 0,345 ± 0,001, zPCT = 1,52 ± 0,001) para monômeros interagentes. O ponto , no qual termina a fronteira de segunda ordem entre a fase não-polimeriza e a fase polimerizada usual e onde ocorre pela primeira vez a transição de colapso é um ponto crítico terminal em ambos os modelos. Os expoentes críticos e associados à fronteira entre a fase não polimerizada e polimerizada usual também foram calculados, e encontramos os valores = 0,7507 ± 0,0008 e = 0,2082 ± 0,0004, para y = 1, e = 0,7498 ± 0,0004 e = 0,205 ± 0,003, para y = 1,2, para o modelo de ligações interagentes. Para o modelo de monômero interagentes, os dados foram = 0,7507 ± 0,0007 e = 0,2089 ± 0,0009, para z = 1, e = 0,7500 ± 0,0004 e = 0,205 ± 0,008, para z = 1,2. Observando os valores dos expoentes, vemos que eles ficam constantes dentro das barras de erros, de modo que a transição é uma transição de segunda ordem usual. Os valores concordam muito bem com os valores esperados, que são (exatamente) = 3/4 e = 5/24 [4]. / Using the transfer matrix technique, finite-size scaling, phenomenological renormalization group, and conformal invariance ideas, we studied the thermodynamic behavior of two interacting models of polymers on the square lattice. In both models one monomer that belongs to the polymer has an activity x = e. When the interactions are between first neighbor bonds that belong to the polymer, we define a Boltzmann factor y = e-l, where l is the interaction energy between two bonds. If the interactions are between monomers located at first neighbor but nonconsecutive sites, the associated Boltzmann factor is z = e-m, where m is the interaction energy between two monomers. We consider pairs of strips of widths L-L\' and found estimates for the phase diagrams of both models. They have three phases: a non-polymerized phase, an usual polymerized phase and a dense phase, in which the polymer is colapsed. In this phase, the configuration of the polymer is that maximizes the number of interactions, and the density of sites occupied by the polymer goes to 1, while the density of interactions is very close to 1. The phase diagrams of two models are qualitatively similar, but. there are quantitative differences between them, as we already expected. The transition between non polymerized phase and dense phase is of first order. The transition between non-polymerized phase and usual polymerized phase is of second order, and one point of this frontier, which corresponds to the non-interacting model (y = 1 ou z = 1, depending on the specific model), is well known [1-3J and has the value xc = 0,37905227 ± 0,00000012. The transition between the two polymerized phases is of first order for small values of x, and it changes to a second order transition when x increases. At this frontier there is a tri critical point, and we found ( xTCP = 1,5 ± 0,1, yTCP = 1,1 ± 0,1 ) for the interacting bond model. It was not possible to obtain a conclusive estimation of the location of the tri critical point for the model of interacting monomers. At the point that all transition lines meet there is a critical endpoint, in which the second order transition line between non polymerized phase and usual polymerized phase, the first order transition line between polymerized phases and the first order transition line between non polymerized phase and dense polymerized phases finish. We found (xCEP = 0,244 ± 0,002, yCEP = 3,86 ± 0,03) for the interacting bond model and (xCEP = 0,345 ± 0,001, zCEP = 1,52 ± 0,001) for the interacting monomer model. The point is where ends the second order transition between non polymerized phase and usual polymerized phase and at this point the collapse transition happens at the first time. Then, in our models, the point is a critical endpoint. We also found the critical exponents and of the second order transition line between non polymerized phase and usual 1\'olymerizcd phase. The values we obtained are = 0,7507 ± 0,0008 and = 0,2082 ± 0,0004, for y = 1, and = 0,7498 ± 0,0004 and = 0,205 ± 0,003, for y = 1,2, to the model of interacting bonds. The interacting monomers model has = 0,7507 ± 0,0007 and = 0,2089 ± 0,0009, for z = 1, and = 0,7500 ± 0,0004 and = 0,205 ± 0,008, for z = 1,2. Looking at these results we can see that the exponents remain constant within error bars, thus the transition is a usual second order transition. Furthermore, these values are in a very good agreement with the expected values, which are = 3/4 and = 5/24 [4].
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Polímero com monômeros e ligações interagentes na rede quadrada / Polymer with monomers and bonds interacting in square latticeKleber Daum Machado 09 February 2001 (has links)
Utilizando a técnica da matriz de transferência e as ideias de finite-size scaling, de renormalização fenomenológica e de invariância conforme estudamos dois modelos de polímeros interagentes na rede quadrada. Em ambos, a atividade de um monômero pertencente ao polímero vale x = e. Quando as interações são entre as ligações primeiras-vizinhas que pertencem ao polímero definimos um fator de Boltzmann associado à interação como sendo = e-l, onde l é a energia de interação entre ligações. Se as interações são entre os monômeros que pertencem a sítios primeiros-vizinhos mas não-consecutivos o fator de Boltzmann associado à interação é z = e-m , sendo m a energia de interação entre os monômeros. Através do estudo de pares de tiras de larguras L-L obtivemos estimativas para os diagramas de fases dos dois modelos. Ambos apresentam três fases: uma fase não-polimerizada, uma fase polimerizada usual e uma fase polimerizada densa, na qual o polímero se encontra colapsado. Nessa fase, o polímero assume uma configuração que maximiza o número de interações, de modo que a densidade de sítios ocupados pelo polímero tende a 1 e a densidade de interações assume valores muito próximos de 1. Os diagramas de fases dos dois modelos são qualitativamente semelhantes, havendo diferenças quantitativas, já esperadas. As transições entre a fase não polimerizada e a fase polimerizada densa são de primeira ordem. A transição entre a fase não polimerizada e a fase polimerizada usual é de segunda ordem, e um ponto dessa fronteira, que corresponde ao modelo sem interações ( = 1 ou z = 1, dependendo do modelo), é bem conhecido [1-3] e vale xc = 0,37905227 ± 0,00000012. A transição entre as fases polimerizadas é de primeira ordem para valores pequenos de x, mas muda para uma transição de segunda ordem quando x aumenta. Nessa fronteira existe um ponto tri crítico, que foi estimado em ( xPTC = 1,5 ± 0,1, yPTC = 1,1 ± 0,1 ), para o modelo de ligações interagentes. No caso do modelo de monômeros interagentes, não foi possível obter uma estimativa conclusiva a respeito da localização do ponto tri crítico. No encontro das três fronteiras existe um ponto crítico terminal, no qual terminam a linha de transições de segunda ordem entre a fase não polimerizada e a fase polimerizada usual, a linha de transições descontínuas entre as duas fases polimerizadas e a linha de transições de primeira ordem entre as fases não polimerizadas e a polimerizada densa. Os valores estimados por nós são (xPCT = 0,244 ± 0,002, yPCT = 3,86 ± 0,03) para o modelo de ligações interagentes e (xPCT = 0,345 ± 0,001, zPCT = 1,52 ± 0,001) para monômeros interagentes. O ponto , no qual termina a fronteira de segunda ordem entre a fase não-polimeriza e a fase polimerizada usual e onde ocorre pela primeira vez a transição de colapso é um ponto crítico terminal em ambos os modelos. Os expoentes críticos e associados à fronteira entre a fase não polimerizada e polimerizada usual também foram calculados, e encontramos os valores = 0,7507 ± 0,0008 e = 0,2082 ± 0,0004, para y = 1, e = 0,7498 ± 0,0004 e = 0,205 ± 0,003, para y = 1,2, para o modelo de ligações interagentes. Para o modelo de monômero interagentes, os dados foram = 0,7507 ± 0,0007 e = 0,2089 ± 0,0009, para z = 1, e = 0,7500 ± 0,0004 e = 0,205 ± 0,008, para z = 1,2. Observando os valores dos expoentes, vemos que eles ficam constantes dentro das barras de erros, de modo que a transição é uma transição de segunda ordem usual. Os valores concordam muito bem com os valores esperados, que são (exatamente) = 3/4 e = 5/24 [4]. / Using the transfer matrix technique, finite-size scaling, phenomenological renormalization group, and conformal invariance ideas, we studied the thermodynamic behavior of two interacting models of polymers on the square lattice. In both models one monomer that belongs to the polymer has an activity x = e. When the interactions are between first neighbor bonds that belong to the polymer, we define a Boltzmann factor y = e-l, where l is the interaction energy between two bonds. If the interactions are between monomers located at first neighbor but nonconsecutive sites, the associated Boltzmann factor is z = e-m, where m is the interaction energy between two monomers. We consider pairs of strips of widths L-L\' and found estimates for the phase diagrams of both models. They have three phases: a non-polymerized phase, an usual polymerized phase and a dense phase, in which the polymer is colapsed. In this phase, the configuration of the polymer is that maximizes the number of interactions, and the density of sites occupied by the polymer goes to 1, while the density of interactions is very close to 1. The phase diagrams of two models are qualitatively similar, but. there are quantitative differences between them, as we already expected. The transition between non polymerized phase and dense phase is of first order. The transition between non-polymerized phase and usual polymerized phase is of second order, and one point of this frontier, which corresponds to the non-interacting model (y = 1 ou z = 1, depending on the specific model), is well known [1-3J and has the value xc = 0,37905227 ± 0,00000012. The transition between the two polymerized phases is of first order for small values of x, and it changes to a second order transition when x increases. At this frontier there is a tri critical point, and we found ( xTCP = 1,5 ± 0,1, yTCP = 1,1 ± 0,1 ) for the interacting bond model. It was not possible to obtain a conclusive estimation of the location of the tri critical point for the model of interacting monomers. At the point that all transition lines meet there is a critical endpoint, in which the second order transition line between non polymerized phase and usual polymerized phase, the first order transition line between polymerized phases and the first order transition line between non polymerized phase and dense polymerized phases finish. We found (xCEP = 0,244 ± 0,002, yCEP = 3,86 ± 0,03) for the interacting bond model and (xCEP = 0,345 ± 0,001, zCEP = 1,52 ± 0,001) for the interacting monomer model. The point is where ends the second order transition between non polymerized phase and usual polymerized phase and at this point the collapse transition happens at the first time. Then, in our models, the point is a critical endpoint. We also found the critical exponents and of the second order transition line between non polymerized phase and usual 1\'olymerizcd phase. The values we obtained are = 0,7507 ± 0,0008 and = 0,2082 ± 0,0004, for y = 1, and = 0,7498 ± 0,0004 and = 0,205 ± 0,003, for y = 1,2, to the model of interacting bonds. The interacting monomers model has = 0,7507 ± 0,0007 and = 0,2089 ± 0,0009, for z = 1, and = 0,7500 ± 0,0004 and = 0,205 ± 0,008, for z = 1,2. Looking at these results we can see that the exponents remain constant within error bars, thus the transition is a usual second order transition. Furthermore, these values are in a very good agreement with the expected values, which are = 3/4 and = 5/24 [4].
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Seasonal Variation of Fish and Macroinvertebrate Biomass Spectra in Southern West Virginia StreamsKirk, Andrew J 01 January 2016 (has links)
The biomass size spectrum - the power-law scaling relationship between average individual size and total biomass - has often been studied in lake and marine ecosystems, but rarely in lotic systems. The objective of this study was to test for characteristic biomass spectra in small temperate streams. Seasonal fish and macroinvertebrate data, including population abundance and biomass estimates, were collected in three wadeable, southern West Virginia streams from October 2013 to May 2015. Fish abundances were estimated with 3-pass electrofishing (depletion) surveys and individuals were weighed in the field. Macroinvertebrates were collected with a Hess sampler and returned to the lab for identification to the lowest practical level (usually genus). Published length-mass regressions were then used to estimate individual mass. All size spectra relationships (linear regression of log-log data) were highly significant (p<0.001). Size spectra intercepts were variable and may reflect seasonal differences in fish and invertebrate densities. Size spectra slopes were more consistent, with a mean slope of approximately -0.73, suggesting a common scaling relationship between stream consumers at differing trophic levels.
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