Thèse--Aarhus, 1991.

Development of Middle Triassic red-bed plays is commonly hampered by a lack of understanding of the stratigraphic relationships between reservoir sandstones. This inadequacy reflects poor palynological recoveries and a general deficiency in understanding the controls on palynological preservation. The sedimentology and palynology of Triassic red-bed facies, from the UK North Sea and onshore analogues, are studied to determine the sedimentary controls on palynological preservation and to investigate whether palynology is useful in these facies, where other stratigraphic techniques do not always provide unique solutions. The Skagerrak Formation (Quadrants 22, 29 and 30) typically comprises ephemeral channel and sheet-flood deposits in the north, but includes sediments deposited in perennially wet, alluvial plain and lacustrine settings in the south. Further north (Quadrant 210), the Cormorant Formation comprises dry alluvial deposits. Onshore, the Bromsgrove Sandstone Formation is characterised by ephemeral channel deposits that pass progressively upwards into tidally-influenced, fluvial and estuarine deposits; these are partly comparable with sediments in the Tarporley Siltstone Formation. Palynological analysis reveals that, in the absence of palynomorphs, palynodebris and absolute organic concentration can distinguish between preservational regimes, and thus environment. Palynological preservation demonstrates a correlation with facies deposited in perennially wet, alluvial plain, lacustrine and tidally influenced settings. Organic assemblages distinguish between members in the Bromsgrove Sandstone Formation, and can subdivide members on palaeoenvironmental criteria, which is of local value in correlation. Palynological assemblages are mostly lacking where ephemeral depositional processes were dominant. The assemblages demonstrate a close relationship with sedimentary facies, their associations, and sediment colour, but the oxidation potential of pore fluids, during and soon after deposition, is an overriding control on organic preservation. These relationships are all beneficial for targeting sediments for further palynological analysis.

No description available.

Wind power is a rapidly growing industry worldwide, both on- andoffshore. Most of the good locations onshore in continental Europeare in use today, which has prompted a move offshore in recentyears. Europe has by far the most offshore wind turbinesinstalled, mostly located in the North sea.The low hanging fruits are locations with relatively shallowwaters (up to 45-50 meters), a high and steady wind speed and isclose to grid connections onshore. Big parts of the North Sea aresuitable for this, but many places with good wind conditionsworldwide are too deep. The next step for the industry is to moveto these deeper waters, with the help of floating wind turbines.The first prototype floating turbines have been running for acouple of years, with even larger, albeit still pretty small, windfarms in the planning stage.This thesis looks on the possibility of building large floatingwind farms in the future, specifically in the eastern most part ofthe North Sea - Skagerrak. Several different factors andstakeholders have been mapped out and important factors such aswater depth, wind speed and seabed conditions considered to createfour different future scenarios. Each scenario has been evaluatedtechnically and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) has beencalculated to be able to compare the different locations.Since the technology is very new and under development, theinitial costs are high. This gives the lower LCOE of 149 €/MWh.Many new developments are however expected in the years to come,which would lower the investment cost considerably, by up to 40%according to some sources. This would lower the LCOE to under 100€/MWh.It is however also found that these investments carry many otherpositive effects, such as developing a new carbon neutraltechnology in Scandinavia which could become a big exportworldwide. The social acceptance of bottom fixed foundationoffshore (close to shore) and onshore wind power is also falling,and this would also be a big plus for floating offshore wind as itcan be built so far offshore it can't be seen from land. BothSweden and Denmark have big power plants closing in the comingdecades, nuclear power in Sweden and coal fired power plants inDenmark. These need to be replaced either by import or by newcarbon neutral power production.

<p>Detailed information on past oceanographic and climatic changes is crucial for our understanding of natural climate variability and for the assessment of future climate variations. Sediments strongly influenced by the North Atlantic Current accumulate at high rates in the northeastern Skagerrak, forming a potential highresolution archive for information on past climatic and oceanographic processes and events. Through a highresolution, multi-proxy study of the 32 meter long core MD99-2286 from the north-eastern Skagerrak, and interpretation of chirp sonar profiles from the coring area, this thesis provides new and detailed insights about the paleoceanographic development of the eastern North Sea region since the deglaciation.</p><p>The chronostratigraphic control of core MD99-2286 relies on 27 radiocarbon dates. Ages are presented in calibrated thousand years before present (abbreviated “kyr”). Core MD99-2286 was correlated to chirp sonar profiles using measured physical properties. This correlation demonstrates that a strong regional acoustic reflector, previously assumed to represent the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary, was formed as a result of rapid ice retreat during the latest Pleistocene. Based on the distribution of ice rafted debris in the core, ice berg calving in the Skagerrak ended at 10.7 kyr. Detailed grain-size analyses of the core were interpreted using a novel 3D-visualization technique. Between 11.3 and 10.3 kyr, clay-rich distal glacial marine sediments were deposited in the northeastern Skagerrak, derived from Baltic melt-water outflow across south-central Sweden through the Otteid-Stenselva strait. As a result of differential isostatic uplift, the route of the major outflow and the associated sediment deposition moved southwards along the Swedish west coast. After 10.3 kyr, sediment deposition in the north-eastern Skagerrak gradually adopted to a fully interglacial normal marine sedimentation dominated by Atlantic inflow and the North Jutland Current.</p><p>The establishment of the modern circulation system in the eastern North Sea is marked by abrupt coarsening of the sediments in core MD99-2286 at 8.5 kyr. This was a result of increased Atlantic inflow, opening of the English Channel and the Danish straits, and formation of the South Jutland Current. Mineral magnetic properties of the core show a distinct relationship reflecting general sediment source variability. After 8.5 kyr, sediments in the northeastern Skagerrak were derived predominantly from the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, with varying contributions from the South Jutland Current, the Baltic Current, and the currents along the coasts of western Sweden and southern Norway. Between 6.3 and 3.8 kyr, the eastern North Sea was further developed towards the modern situation by an increase of the South Jutland Current flow. The Skagerrak bottom currents were probably forced by strong Atlantic water inflow between 0.9 and 0.5 kyr, and after that by increased wind stress. The influence of regional climate on the eastern North Sea circulation has increased since the middle of the Holocene.</p>

Detailed information on past oceanographic and climatic changes is crucial for our understanding of natural climate variability and for the assessment of future climate variations. Sediments strongly influenced by the North Atlantic Current accumulate at high rates in the northeastern Skagerrak, forming a potential highresolution archive for information on past climatic and oceanographic processes and events. Through a highresolution, multi-proxy study of the 32 meter long core MD99-2286 from the north-eastern Skagerrak, and interpretation of chirp sonar profiles from the coring area, this thesis provides new and detailed insights about the paleoceanographic development of the eastern North Sea region since the deglaciation. The chronostratigraphic control of core MD99-2286 relies on 27 radiocarbon dates. Ages are presented in calibrated thousand years before present (abbreviated “kyr”). Core MD99-2286 was correlated to chirp sonar profiles using measured physical properties. This correlation demonstrates that a strong regional acoustic reflector, previously assumed to represent the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary, was formed as a result of rapid ice retreat during the latest Pleistocene. Based on the distribution of ice rafted debris in the core, ice berg calving in the Skagerrak ended at 10.7 kyr. Detailed grain-size analyses of the core were interpreted using a novel 3D-visualization technique. Between 11.3 and 10.3 kyr, clay-rich distal glacial marine sediments were deposited in the northeastern Skagerrak, derived from Baltic melt-water outflow across south-central Sweden through the Otteid-Stenselva strait. As a result of differential isostatic uplift, the route of the major outflow and the associated sediment deposition moved southwards along the Swedish west coast. After 10.3 kyr, sediment deposition in the north-eastern Skagerrak gradually adopted to a fully interglacial normal marine sedimentation dominated by Atlantic inflow and the North Jutland Current. The establishment of the modern circulation system in the eastern North Sea is marked by abrupt coarsening of the sediments in core MD99-2286 at 8.5 kyr. This was a result of increased Atlantic inflow, opening of the English Channel and the Danish straits, and formation of the South Jutland Current. Mineral magnetic properties of the core show a distinct relationship reflecting general sediment source variability. After 8.5 kyr, sediments in the northeastern Skagerrak were derived predominantly from the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, with varying contributions from the South Jutland Current, the Baltic Current, and the currents along the coasts of western Sweden and southern Norway. Between 6.3 and 3.8 kyr, the eastern North Sea was further developed towards the modern situation by an increase of the South Jutland Current flow. The Skagerrak bottom currents were probably forced by strong Atlantic water inflow between 0.9 and 0.5 kyr, and after that by increased wind stress. The influence of regional climate on the eastern North Sea circulation has increased since the middle of the Holocene.

On May 31st 1916, during the First World War, one of the greatest naval battles took place in the North Sea outside of the Danish west coast between the naval forces of Great Britain and Germany. This paper aims to examine the outcome of the Battle of Jutland through three different perspectives on victory and defeat. The battle is well-debated as it has been considered a draw, as both actors saw themselves as victorious states after the battle. This study therefore contributes to the debate by systematically investigate how three different perspectives on victory and defeat can explain the outcome. Through the perspectives end-state understandings, cost-benefit calculus and match-fixing, events during the battle and which contributed to the subsequent discussions about the outcome, will be analyzed. The study results in the finding that one of the three perspectives, match-fixing, can explain victory and defeat in the battle. The result therefore shows that an systematic analyze of the perspectives can explain the outcome of the battle. This is an important contribution to the further research and demonstrates that there are ways to systematically measure an outcome with an explanatory ambition.

On May 31 in 1916, the battle of Jutland between Germany and Great Britain broke out in the North Sea. By the end of the battle, Great Britain had won at the strategic level of warfare while the Germans became victorious at the tactical level. Much research has been done on the battle, however, only from the British perspective. Germany emerged victorious at the tactical level, and despite solid research efforts of the battle, no one has made efforts to understand the German victory. The purpose of the study is to analyze the Battle of Jutland, which contributes to the research world with knowledge of how Germany could win at the tactical level. This will be done with a theory-consuming approach where the warring sides based on Geoffrey Till’s 11 perspectives were compared. By analyzing the two warring sides with the help of till’s theory and comparing their tactics, a greater understanding of the outcome of the battle has been created at the tactical level of warfare. The outcome of the analysis shows us that Germany was more successful than the British in six out of eight analyzed perspectives. The results contribute to existing research by highlighting the results of the tactical level of warfare.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

The recovering harbor seal population along the Swedish west coast has coincided with declining cod stocks. Although the cod stocks were primarily depleted by intense fisheries, some stakeholders argue that reduced seal populations could have direct, positive effects on the cod stocks. The outbreaks of Phocine distemper virus (PDV) in 1988 and 2002 when up to 66% of the harbor seals along the Swedish west coast died, could be viewed as natural experiments allowing for assessment of any positive impacts of reduced mortality from seal predation on cod abundance. I quantified removal from seal predation and fishery landings and analyzed correlations to cod abundance of different length classes. Analyses were conducted for a longer time- series, 1979-2019, reaching back to when removal from fisheries was substantially larger than that from seal consumption. I also analyzed the data with a more recent perspective, 2003-2019, starting after the later PDV outbreak when seal predation relative landing sizes has increased. During this period, fishery discard data is available and included in the models. Methods include graphical presentation, multiple linear regression analyses, and to expand the existing data on seal diet, I collected diet samples of harbor seal feces from two haul-outs in Skagerrak. No statistically significant, negative correlations between seal predation and cod abundance were found in any data set, hence, I cannot support the idea of harbor seals having an impact on cod abundance. Also, the significant correlations between cod abundance and landings were all positive. I argue that culling of seals cannot be motivated as a strategy to help cod recover, as this would jeopardize the persistence of the seal population rather than assuring cod stability.