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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

The Association Between Citrus Consumption and Skin Cancer: An Analysis of Risk and Nutrient-Gene Interaction

Marley, Andrew Raymond 12 1900 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Purpose. In the US, melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) rates have increased substantially in recent decades. While many skin cancer risk factors have been established, the impact of dietary citrus, which is naturally abundant in photocarcinogenic psoralens, remains enigmatic. The purpose of this research was to investigate associations between citrus consumption and risks of melanoma and NMSC, and to conduct a genome-wide study to identify genetic variants that may modify this association. Methods. Participants from the UK Biobank were leveraged for these analyses. Citrus consumption was collected via five rounds of 24-hour recall questionnaires, with complete citrus data available for n=210,126 participants. Ascertainment of melanoma and NMSC cases were identified by international classification of disease codes via linkage with national registries. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between citrus consumption and skin cancer outcomes. Individual citrus products were assessed for independent associations with skin cancer risk, and established skin cancer risk factors were tested for interaction. Joint 2-degree-of-freedom (df) and 1-df tests were used to assess interaction between total citrus consumption and genetic variants. Results. After controlling for covariates, high total citrus consumption was significantly associated with increased melanoma risk, an association primarily driven by orange and orange juice consumption. Skin color was found to be a significant effect modifier for the association between total citrus consumption and melanoma risk, but only before adjusting for multiple comparisons. No significant associations were observed for high total citrus consumption or consumption of any individual citrus products and NMSC risk. Significant associations for half a serving of citrus consumption and NMSC risk were likely due to chance or confounding. Index SNPs on chromosomes 3, 9, and 16 were significant according to the joint 2-df test, and 7 SNPs on chromosome 16 displayed evidence of a citrus-gene interaction. Conclusion. My analyses provide evidence in support of high citrus consumption significantly increasing risk of melanoma, but not NMSC. I also identified SNPs on AFG3L1P that may modify this association. Future research should further explore these associations, particularly for NMSC and to confirm my genetic findings.
92

Coffee and Tea Intake and Risk of Cutaneous Melanoma

Wu, Haotian 01 January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Cutaneous melanoma accounts for less than 5% of all skin cancers but over 75% of skin cancer related deaths. Prior biologic research suggests caffeine may arrest cancer cell formation and metastasis in vivo. Additionally, certain tea components exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and other anti-carcinogenic effects. Prior epidemiologic studies show possible protective effect of both coffee and tea on risk of melanoma, but results remain inconsistent. We examined the association between coffee and tea intake and risk of cutaneous melanoma using the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Coffee and tea intake were measured through self-administered questionnaires. Melanomas were self-reported and physician adjudicated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations. Of the 66,484 white post-menopausal women with no prior history of cancer (average follow up=7.8 years), 73% reported daily intake of coffee, 26% reported daily tea intake, and 398 cases of melanoma were adjudicated. Daily coffee intake (HR=0.84 95% CI=0.66-1.08) and daily tea intake (HR=1.00, 95% CI=0.78-1.29) were not significantly associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma compared to non-daily intake. No significant trend was observed with increased daily coffee (p-trend=0.22) or tea intake (p-trend=0.28). In conclusion, we observed insignificant inverse associations between coffee intake and cutaneous melanoma among post-menopausal Caucasian women.
93

The Use of Sphingomyelin to Protect Against UV Induced DNA Damage in Human Keratinocytes

Campbell, Kevin 01 June 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Non melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a serious condition caused by chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure that leads to DNA damage in skin. UV radiation has the potential to lead to DNA damage, which triggers biochemical pathways within a cell. The result is that the cell either undergoes cell cycle arrest, giving the cell time to repair DNA damage, or apoptosis. Sunscreen is the most commonly used treatment for preventing UV induced skin damage, but it involves a number of undesirable and toxic side effects including damaging the dermis, premature aging of skin and underweight child births. This has led to interest in finding safer alternatives to prevent UV damage without the negative side effects of sunscreen. In particular, bovine milk sphingomyelin (SM) is a compound that has the potential to protect against UV damage without any of the dangerous side effects of sunscreen. Here we present the use of SM for UV protection of human keratinocytes (KRTs) to prevent DNA mutations that result from UV exposure. In particular, analysis of the expression of DNA damage biomarkers p21 and p53 was done to determine the potential of SM to prevent DNA damage associated with UV exposure. Both non-SM treated KRTs and KRTs treated with 0.1% SM media 24 hours prior to UV radiation were fixed and IF-stained at 24 hours following 40 mJ/cm2 of UV exposure. Significant differences in both p21 and p53 were observed between the SM treated and non-SM treated cells at the UV dosage level (via t-test; p
94

Direct Effects of VEGF on Keratinocyte Function During Skin Carcinogenesis and Wound Healing

Johnson, Kelly Elizabeth 26 December 2013 (has links)
No description available.
95

PURIFICATION OF RECOMBINANT δ NP63 α AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PEPTIDE BINDING

Albati, Amal Abdulah January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
96

The Role of Calpains in UVB-Induced Inhibitor Kappa B Alpha Degradation

Morris, Rachel A. 26 July 2012 (has links)
No description available.
97

ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CUTANEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Dworkin, Amy Marie 20 August 2010 (has links)
No description available.
98

Long non‑coding RNAs drive metastatic progression in melanoma (Review)

Akhbari, Pouria, Whitehouse, A., Boyne, James R. January 2014 (has links)
No / Metastatic melanoma is the leading cause of skin‑cancer related deaths and while in recent years some progress has been made with targeted therapies, there remains an urgent unmet need for novel therapeutic treatments and reliable diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. The emergence of next generation sequencing (NGS) has seen a growing appreciation for the role played by non‑coding genomic transcripts in regulating gene expression and by extension impacting on disease progression. The long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent the most enigmatic of these new regulatory molecules. Our understanding of how lncRNAs regulate biological functions and their importance to disease aetiology, while still limited, is rapidly improving, in particular with regards to their role in cancer. Herein we review the identification of several lncRNAs shown to impact on melanoma disease progression and discuss how these molecules are operating at the molecular level.
99

Advancing Artificial Intelligence For Accurate, Equitable, And Interpretable Skin Cancer Diagnosis And Management

Rezk, Eman January 2024 (has links)
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and its incidence has been rising over the years. Early diagnosis substantially contributes to enhancing patient outcomes and increasing survival rates. However, due to a lack of dermatologists, especially in rural areas, cancer cases may go undiagnosed or inaccurately diagnosed. Subsequently, the burden of early diagnosis falls on non-specialists, such as primary healthcare providers, who are typically not trained to deal with complex dermatological conditions. Given the increasing prevalence of skin cancer and the chronic shortage of dermatological expertise, there is a critical need to develop computer-aided skin cancer decision support systems that offer an accurate early diagnosis. These applications are crucial to ensuring that patients receive timely treatment and that their chances of survival are significantly increased. The recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have given rise to a new era of skin cancer diagnosis models that perform on par with dermatologists. Nevertheless, the current AI diagnostic applications are subject to critical limitations. These include the lack of racial data diversity that results in the development of inequitable diagnostic models. Additionally, the black-box nature of AI models poses interpretability challenges that diminish human understandability and trust thus limiting their application in a clinical workflow. Furthermore, the paucity of applications dedicated to disease management prediction, primarily caused by the dearth of labeled data for the purpose of managing skin cancers, presents a significant hurdle in advancing AI in treatment prediction. This thesis aims to harness the power of AI to overcome these limitations, thereby achieving equitable, interpretable skin cancer diagnosis, and enhanced disease management. To accomplish these objectives, this work comprised five phases. In Phase 1, a comprehensive and analytical review employing text mining techniques was conducted to study AI methods and applications in skin cancer diagnosis and treatment. This analysis sought to gain a deep understanding of the explored capabilities and challenges of AI within these fields. Phases 2 and 3 were dedicated to resolving the data diversity issue. Phase 2 focused on the development of an integrated tool that encompassed segmentation, pixel clustering and classification to quantitively assess representation disparities of dark skin tones in dermatological resources. Phase 3 was centred around augmenting the training data with the underrepresented skin tones and developing an inclusive malignancy detection model employing deep neural networks. Phase 4 focused on developing interpretable diagnosis models that capitalize on the incorporation of human knowledge into model design and training to create transparent diagnosis models. Finally, Phase 5 delved into disease management, where a comparison between human-centred and machine-centred approaches was conducted. The two approaches aimed to accurately predict skin cancer management options while overcoming the challenges posed by data size limitations. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
100

Effects of Creatine and Nicotinamide on experimentally induced senescence in dermal fibroblasts.

Mahajan, Avinash Satyanarayan 02 September 2020 (has links)
No description available.

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