The aim of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between traits using breeding values and to propose a total merit index for bulls and cows of Czech Fleckvieh cattle on the basis of these correlation. Genetic correlation was estimated from de-regressed proofs. REML procedure was used for determining components of variance. The basic database included 785 breeding values of bulls of Czech Fleckvieh and 441 of Fleckvieh (German and Austrian population). Estimated genetic standard deviations were similar to the standard deviations of breeding values and they always had a higher value. The genetic correlations were similar to correlations of breeding values as well. The genetic correlations matrix showed that the relationships were mostly within particular groups of traits. There were correlations 0,79 - 0,93 among milk production traits and 0,41 - 0,59 among beef production traits. Estimated genetic correlations, breeding values correlations and economic weights set by Wolfová et al. (2007) were used for construction of selection index for Czech bulls. Milk production has 45 %, beef 24 %, exterior 16 % and fitness 15 % within this total merit index. The total monetary gain is divided as follows: 86,7 % for milk production, 5,13 % for beef traits and 8,08 % for fitness. Reliability of this total merit index is 0,86. The total merit index for cows has as the same composition as the index of bulls; the missing breeding values (fertility, calving ease and longevity) were computed using genetic correlations estimated for bulls. In conclusion, incorporation of new breeding values will increase the genetic level of fitness traits. Estimation of genomic breeding values for milk and fitness allows obtaining reliable breeding value earlier.

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Thesis has been focused on the analysis of selected factors affecting the length of gestation in cattle, Holstein breed. Pregnancy duration was considerably influenced by the month of conception. Gestation duration was also affected by alive and dead calf, parity, sex of calves and twins. In conclusion, results suggest that pregnancy of cows may be influenced by many factors.

The aim was to evaluate the reproductive performance of the dairy herd. Data were obtained on the farm ZZN Strakonice center Sousedovice from cows culled during 2015. The center treats an average of 250 cows that are kept free of manure and farm milked at four milking robots Lely - Astronaut. The most important reproduction traits were summarized and subsequently statistically processed. Monitored were fertility parameters, milk yield and lifetime production, which were derived from a zootechnical records and monthly reports from milk recording system on 100 dairy cows. With increasing milk yields were deteriorating reproduction parameters such as artificial insemination index, insemination interval and number of days open. For the entire group of cows was monitored milk productivity and reproduction parameters related to parity. The average milk yield in the selected cows was 8579 kg of milk per lactation. With parity increased milk yield per lactation. As well as the average daily milk production and average milk production per day of calving interval. Insemination index and days open length were significantly longer for 2nd lactation where a large increase in milk yield negatively affected these parameters. Furthermore, we evaluated the lifetime milk production. The highest average yield per lactation reached cows cullet later than on 4th lactation. In these cows was detected milk production per lactation for 1000 kg higher than in cows that finished only 2 or 3 lactations. The lowest average yield per lactation was in cows that finished only two lactation. Furthermore, cows were evaluated according to the lactation curve. It was found that with increasing lactation persistence increases milk production but deteriorate the reproduction traits as a days open, insemination interval and insemination index. It was also found that with increasing lactation persistence decreases the longevity. Furthermore, we observed the level of milk productivity according to insemination index and found, that with increasing milk production increase insemination index.

The aim of this dissertation was to assess the influence of characteristics important for ensuring of sustainable and development of dairy cattle herds breeding. The data investigated describe approximately 5138 dairy cows in period of four years in selected farming´s of dairy cattle in district of Jičín. There were these indicators of reproduction processed: conception rate after first insemination, conception rate after all inseminations, interval of insemination, index of insemination, service period and meantime; the data were collected from seven stables of Bohemian Spotted cattle and from seven stables of Holstein cattle. The longevity was investigated from the number of dairy cows at respective lactation of both investigated breeds and from the average lactation in respective years. The results of investigation prove that the average percentage representation of dairy cow at respective lactation between 2012-2015 ranged 33,4 % at first lactation, and 24,68 % at second lactation, and 18,13 % at third lactation, and 11,48 % at fourth lactation, and 6,53 % at fifth lactation, and 3,32 % at sixth lactation, and 2,36 % at seventh and more lactations. The evident data from comparison prove, that till third lactation there is higher percentage representation of Holstein cattle and from third lactation there are more cows of Bohemian Spotted cattle, and also the average reached lactation confirms this the value of 2,75 lactation for Bohemian Spotted cattle and the value of 2,3 lactation for Holstein cattle. The influence of breed on the average length of lactation was quite weak. The results of rating indicators of reproduction also have not proven any statistically important difference between both types of cattle as concerns values reached by each cattle, but the original Bohemian Spotted cattle reached better results in all indicators, and thus it is probably more suitable for the area of district Jičín.

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Angl. resumé