Angl. resumé

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The aim of this work was to determine prevalence of intestinal parasites in chosen farms and to compare the assessed levels. A total of 250 samples were collected from tree farms (88, 84 and 78). Farm 1 used binding stable of K 96 type without pasture, farm 2 used combibox stable technology and the cows were pastured during non lacting period, in the farm 3, the cows were pastured during their lactation period with approach in loose housing. The work focused on two groups of parasites: genus Eimeria (its overall prevalence was 10 %) and the family Trichostrongylida(13.6 %). In the individual farms, Eimeria reached prevalence of 7.9, 8.3 and 16.7 %, respectively. Trichostrongylids were present in 1.1, 14.3 and 24.4 % of samples in the respective farms. On farm 2, Trichuris and Strongyloides papilosus were also found (each only once). On farm 3, bunostomosis was diagnosed in two cases. The intesities of infections were very low in all cases. The possible correlation of parasitoses and age / performance of animals was assessed with the use of ?2 test, the correlation was however not demonstrated.

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In the first experiment we verified methodical procedure for conducting an experiment in the experimental stable of Mendel University in Brno in Zabcice. Further at work we observed the influence feeding two forms of zinc (inorganic -- zinc oxide and organic -- zinc bonded to methionine) on digestibility of basic nutrients of diets, on blood parameters and body condition as indicator of monitored dairy cows health. Dairy cows were observed in transitional phase and during lactation. Dairy cows fed by diet with inorganic form of zinc (called group A), had average digestibility of crude protein, fat, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extracts and zinc lower than group with organic form of zinc in diet (called group O). For example group A had digestibility coefficient of crude protein 69.3 +- 7,80 % and zinc 60.4 +- 8.35 % during of the whole observation, while group O had digestibility coefficient of crude protein 75.0 +- 6.15 % and zinc 68.4 +- 5.57 %. Statistically significant differences are shown in the number of red blood cells (RBC) - group A had before calving, on day of calving, on 30th and on 60th day after calving statistically significantly higher (P <0.01) levels of RBC than group O, which had an effect on the value of hematocrit in the same period (P <0.05 and P <0.01) and hemoglobin on the day of calving and on 60th day after calving (P <0.05). Average daily intake of dairy cows were almost same. We observed lower decrease weight and body condition of dairy cows (group O). Group A decreased weight from 744.4 kg before calving on 610.8 kg on 60th day after calving compared to group O from 732.8 kg (before calving) on 646.9 kg (60th day after calving). It average fall condition about 0.8 BCS (group A), while only about 0.5 BCS (group O).

Thesis is aimed to analyze effects on the length of pregnancy, calving interval, service period, insemination interval and number of inseminations in the herd of the Czech spotted cattle. The study was performed on 1697 animals. The length of pregnancy was significantly affected by parity, twins, death of calf and gender of calves. The calving interval was significantly influenced the length of pregnancy, number of inseminations, length of insemination interval, service period and month of calving. The length of service period was influenced by the length of insemination interval. The number of insemination was significantly affected by parity. Reproduction in the herd is affected by a number of factors, so it is necessary to pay special attention to them.