People v. Zamora was a case that was decided on January 12, 1943, which led to the conviction and sentencing of five defendants guilty of assault, nine guilty of second degree murder, and three of first degree murder. This equals a total of seventeen convictions for the murder of one man, out of twenty two who were arrested. Along with those convictions, five women were arrested and, due mainly to their refusal to cooperate were sent to a woman’s reformatory (Barajas, 36). Yet there emerged many different problems that were relevant in this trial, which were brought about by both legal and social injustices. Even prior to the start of the trial there began to be a growing suspicious sentiment surfacing amongst the American people, due in large part to the yellow journalism that was going on at the moment. There were also many legal injustices that came about due to personal and social prejudice that governed the trial from beginning to end. Through the analysis of this trial, and the ensuing events, I will analyze the trial and focus on how pivotal the Zamora trial was legally. I will also examine the results of the trial and if they had any effect on the severe police brutality and the injustices being faced by the Mexican American people in the following years, specifically focusing on the Zoot Suit Riots. I will in conjunction with that analyze the social and political effects that both of these occurrences had on Chicanos, and their growing awareness of their rights. This case and the effects of it had long lasting consequences, changing the lives of many people, “this case involves the civil rights of the Mexican people, and, as an attack upon the democratic fabric, it involves all the people” (Cullen, 5).

Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera mansbilden av karaktären Edward i filmen Edward Scissorhands (Tim Burton, 1990). Genom attstudera hans personlighet och egenskaper ur olika perspektiv, som kan uppfattas som både manligt och kvinnligt, har jag försökt att ta reda på vem denna utstickande karaktär är. Med hjälp av genusteorier och jämförelser av tidigare filmatiseringar som Ed Wood (Tim Burton, 1994), Sleepy Hollow (Tim Burton, 1999) och The cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Robert Weine, 1920) har jag även kunnat fördjupa mig i mansbilden av Edward. Jag har dessutom fokuserat kring Tim Burtons säregna filmskapande, men också kring stjärnskapet hos Johnny Depp, skådespelaren som Burton ofta samarbetar med. Edward Scissorhands har visat sig vara en man med både manliga och kvinnliga attribut, vilket gör honom till en icke stereotypisk man som saknar hjältemod och en muskulös kropp. Trots det så tyder inget på att han är mindre man bara för att han har mer eller mindre egenskaper som generellt uppfattas som manliga. Alla människor är olika, och besitterblandade egenskaper som kan tolkas som både maskulint och feminint. Det är just sådana unika personligheter som är intressanta för både Burton och Depp, vilket syns i deras samarbeten kring filmer som tidigare nämnda Ed Wood och Sleepy Hollow. Maskulinitet går aldrig att fastställa, och därmed kan inte heller mansbilden av Edward Scissorhands förklaras som om han har brist på manliga attribut. Han är bara en väldigt unik man som aldrig blev helt färdigställd.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-08-24T20:25:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciusjosepilate.pdf: 4576162 bytes, checksum: b62d296b1537238b9c96d99b034cb665 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-25T12:05:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciusjosepilate.pdf: 4576162 bytes, checksum: b62d296b1537238b9c96d99b034cb665 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-25T12:05:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciusjosepilate.pdf: 4576162 bytes, checksum: b62d296b1537238b9c96d99b034cb665 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-05 / Sibynomorphus neuwiedi e Sibynomorphus mikanii são serpentes de pequeno porte, conhecidas como cobras dormideiras, noturnas, não peçonhentas e malacófagas. Ambas ocorrem em áreas florestais de Mata Atlântica e ambientes alterados, porém S. mikanii ocorre mais frequentemente no Cerrado. Estudos parasitológicos, biológicos, ecológicos e morfológicos envolvendo essas espécies ainda são escassos. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram analisar a ecologia de helmintos, a dieta e a ecomorfologia das serpentes S. neuwiedi e S. mikanii de Minas Gerais, Brasil, registrar a helmintofauna de suas presas, verificar os efeitos da sazonalidade e do sexo, estado reprodutivo, tamanho e massa corporal destas serpentes, assim como do tamanho dos órgãos parasitados, sobre seus helmintos, e verificar os efeitos ecológico, filogenético e sexual na variabilidade morfométrica. As 39 serpentes analisadas de S. neuwiedi e as 49 de S. mikanii da Coleção Herpetológica da UFJF – Répteis tiveram aferidos comprimento e largura da cabeça, largura interocular, comprimentos rostro-cloacal, da cauda e total, e massa corporal. Posteriormente foram necropsiadas, sexadas e analisadas quanto à maturidade, tendo a cavidade corporal, órgãos e conteúdos digestórios analisados em busca de helmintos e presas. Órgãos parasitados foram medidos. Foram coletados 30 espécimes de moluscos da família Veronicellidae, eutanasiados, fixados, conservados e, somados aos espécimes encontrados nos estômagos das serpentes, foram dissecados e examinados para a identificação e em busca de helmintos. Os helmintos encontrados nas serpentes e nos moluscos foram lavados, fixados, conservados, quantificados, identificados e fotografados. Foi realizada a morfometria de trematódeos e nematoides. As comunidades de metazoários parasitos das serpentes foram formadas apenas por endoparasitos dos grupos dos helmintos e apresentaram riqueza e diversidade baixas, padrão de distribuição agregado, caráter isolacionista, especificidade quanto aos sítios de infecção e predominância de apenas um táxon parasitário por infracomunidade. As prevalências foram medianas. Ambas espécies de serpentes foram parasitadas por dois táxons de trematódeos, enquanto a serpente S. neuwiedi também apresentou três táxons de nematoides e S. mikanii, quatro (dois em comum entre estas serpentes). Os táxons parasitários predominantes foram Rhabdias sp. e Strongyluris sp. em ambas espécies de serpentes, e Mesocoelium sibynomorphi em S. neuwiedi, não apresentando o tamanho deste último helminto nesta serpente relação de intensidade-dependência. As serpentes apresentaram dietas semelhantes: moluscos de espécies da família Veronicellidae, sendo registradas as espécies-presas Sarasinula linguaeformis na serpente S. neuwiedi e Latipes erinaceus e Sarasinula sp. na serpente S. mikanii. Larvas de nematoides Strongyluris sp. foram os helmintos em comum entre essas serpentes e suas presas. A variação na sazonalidade, o sexo, o estado reprodutivo, o tamanho e a massa corporal de S. neuwiedi e S. mikanii, e o tamanho dos órgãos parasitados, não exerceram influência sobre as comunidades de helmintos destas serpentes. Essas espécies não apresentaram dimorfismo sexual. O habitat não influenciou a morfologia dessas serpentes, enquanto a filogenia influenciou a morfologia de fêmeas adultas, o que não ocorreu em fêmeas jovens e machos. / Sibynomorphus neuwiedi and Sibynomorphus mikanii are small sized snakes, known as sleepy snakes, nocturnal, non-venomous and snail eaters. Both occurs in Mata Atlânica forests and impacted environments, however S. mikanii is more frequently found in Cerrado. Studies about parasitology, biology, ecology and morphology of both species are scarce. The goals of the present study where to analize ecology of helminths, the diet and ecomorphology of the snakes S. neuwiedi and S. mikanii from Minas Gerais, Brazil, register the helminths presentes in their preys, verify the effects of seazonality and gender, reproductive state, size and body mass of these snakes, so as the size of parasitized organs, on their helminths, and verify the ecological, phylogenetic and sexual effects at morphometric variation. The 39 analyzed individuals of S. neuwiedi and the 49 specimens of S. mikanii from the Herpetological Collection of the UFJF – Reptiles have had measured their length and width of head, length between eyes, rostrum-cloacal length, tail and total, and body mass. Subsequently where necropsied, sexed and analyzed the maturity, the body cavity, organs and digestive contents searched in search of helminths and preys. Parasitized organs were measured. It were colected 30 specimens of snails from Veronicellidae family, euthanasia was realized and the animal fixed, conserved and, added to the specimens found in snakes stomach, these were dissected and examined to identification and pursuit of helminths. The helminths found in the snakes and in molluscs were washed, fixed, conserved, quantified, identified and photographed. It was realized morphometry of trematodes and nematodes. The metazoans parasites communities of the snakes where composed only by endoparasites from helminths group and presents low richness and diversity, distribution patttern assembled, isolacionist profile, specificity to infection sites and predominance of only one parasite taxon by infracommunity. The prevalences were average. Both species of snakes were parasitized by two taxa of trematodes, while S. neuwiedi presented also three taxa of nematodes and S. mikanii, four (two in common amongst these snakes). The prevailing parasites taxa were Rhabdias sp. and Strongyluris sp. in both species of snakes, and Mesocoelium sibynomorphi in S. neuwiedi, do not presenting the size of this last helminth in this snake relation of intensity-dependency. The snakes presented similar diet: molluscs from species of Veronicellidae family, being registered the prey-species Sarasinula linguaeformis in S. neuwiedi and Latipes erinaceus and Sarasinula sp. in S. mikanii. Larval forms from the nematode Strongyluris sp. was the common helmint between these snakes and their prey. The seazonality variation, gender, reproductive state, size and body mass of S. neuwiedi and S. mikanii, and the size of parasitized organs, did not influenced the helminth communities of these snakes. These species did not present sexual dimorphism. The habitat did not influence the morphology these snakes, while the phylogeny influenced the morphology of adult females, what did not occurred in young females and male.

This research project examined the role of environmental time cues and circadian rhythms in mediating seasonal adjustments in the body temperature and locomotoractivity patterns in the Australian sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa (Gray 1827). The first component of this study investigated whether daily rhythms of behavioural thermoregulation and locomotor activity that T. rugosa displays in the field are endogenous circadian rhythms. In each season, there was significant variation in each of these rhythms in lizards released on laboratory thermal gradients under prevailing light-dark (LD) cycles. Both rhythms persisted when lizards were released in constant darkness (DD) and exhibited the same free-running period suggesting a single circadian pacemaker drives both rhythms. The first component of this study revealed that seasonal changes in the expression of daily behavioural thermoregulatory and locomotor activity rhythms are mediated by the circadian system in T. rugosa. The second component of this project comprised three experiments that determined the relative importance of 24 h LD and temperature cycles (TCs) in entraining the locomotor activity rhythm. In the first experiment, lizards were held under LD 12:12 and were subjected to either a TC of 33:15C in phase with the LD cycle or a reversed TC. Following LD 12:12, lizards were maintained under the same TCs but were subjected to DD. Activity was restricted to the thermophase in LD irrespective of the lighting regime and during the period of DD that followed, suggesting entrainment by the TC. In the second experiment, lizards were held under LD 12.5:11.5 and were subjected to one of three treatments; (1) constant 30C, (2) normal TC (30:20C), or (3) reversed TC. Following LD, all lizards were subjected to DD and constant 30C. Post-entrainment free-run records revealed that LD cycles and TCs both entrain locomotor activity rhythms of T. rugosa. Although there was large variation in the phasing of the rhythm in relation to the LD cycle in reversed TC lizards, TCs presented in phase with the LD cycle most accurately synchronised the rhythm to the photocycle. In the third experiment, lizards were held in DD at constant 30C before being subjected to a further period of DD and one of four treatments; (1) normal TC (06:00 h to 18:00 h thermophase), (2) delayed TC (12:00 h to 00:00 h thermophase), (3) advanced TC (00:00 h to 12:00 h thermophase) or (4) control (no TC, constant 30C). While control lizards continued to free-run in DD at constant temperature, locomotor rhythms of lizards subjected to TCs rapidly entrained to TCs irrespective of whether TCs were phase advanced or delayed by 6 h. The results of this experiment excluded the possibility that masking effects were responsible for locomotor responses of lizards to TCs. This study demonstrated that seasonal changes in the expression of this species‟ daily behavioural thermoregulatory and locomotor rhythms are mediated by a circadian system that is sensitive to both light and temperature. The sensitivity of the circadian system to temperature, in particular, may allow T. rugosa to restrict its activity to times of the year that are thermally favourable. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1521959 / Thesis(Ph.D.)-- University of Adelaide, School of Medical Sciences, 2010

Background: Breastfeeding confers health and social benefits on both mother and baby and is thus a key global public health priority, with exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months recommended. A variety of factors can influence a woman’s decision to initiate breastfeeding but a short duration of breastfeeding appears to be common in developed countries. In the UK, promotion of breastfeeding has been government policy since 1974 and gradually the incidence has increased. In Scotland in 2010 the incidence was 74% but by one week 17% of women had given up. A minority of women find that their babies attach easily at birth and more than half report problems at this time. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding falls sharply in the first few weeks and the introduction of formula is associated with a shorter duration. It is therefore crucial to understand what happens at this time to enable women to continue breastfeeding effectively. Study Aim: To use Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to explore and help explain the expectations, knowledge and experiences of women and midwives with regard to breastfeeding initiation. Methods: A systematic review of qualitative studies synthesised using thematic analysis and SCT was conducted and afforded insight into what had been known before and highlighted further aspects that needed to be explored with a qualitative study. The qualitative study was comprised of five focus groups with ten antenatal women, eight postnatal women and eighteen midwives. Photographs included in a leaflet “Feeding cues at birth”, and the chart of “Feeding cues after the first few hours” were developed and used as focussing exercises during the focus groups and interviews. The focus groups and interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using a hybrid process of inductive and deductive thematic analysis which integrated data driven codes with theory driven codes based on SCT. Results: Twenty one studies were included in the systematic review and identified clear differences in the experiences of women when breastfeeding was going well as compared to when it was going wrong at the start. There were also differences in the midwives’ knowledge, experience and confidence when breastfeeding was going well in contrast to when it was going wrong. The synthesis did not identify any qualitative studies relevant to initiation which explored skin contact, instinctive behaviour or strategies to resolve failure to attach in the first few days after birth, from the perspectives of mothers and midwives. These topics were therefore explored in detail in the qualitative study. Few mothers recruited to my study experienced instinctive behaviour and successful attachment (in SCT enactive behaviour) at birth. The majority of mothers did not experience attachment at birth and struggled to persist and maintain their motivation to enable breastfeeding initiation in an unfamiliar environment. Midwives’ social expectations and environmental circumstances made women centred care difficult. Midwives considered that sleepy babies who were unable to feed were normal, but women were unprepared for this, compounding the difficulties in initiating breastfeeding. The triangulation of the findings from the systematic review and the qualitative study provide a more complete picture of contributory factors to understanding of difficulties in breastfeeding initiation. Conclusion: It is recognised that behaviour interacts with emotions, perceived abilities and the environment, as in triadic reciprocal causation, which affects peoples’ decisions, experiences and abilities to enable the successful initiation of breastfeeding. Social Cognitive Theory could be used as a framework to develop strategies and materials to enhance women’s confidence both antenatally and in the postnatal period. In a minority of women, breastfeeding goes well and is more likely when the baby is an active participant and the midwife a knowledgeable and confident supporter. This is not the case for the majority of women and babies or their midwives. There is a need to consider strategies to develop appropriate skills and environmental changes that would in turn lead to changes in behaviour and successful interventions. More emphasis should be made clinically on facilitating instinctive behaviour. The current position where babies’ sleepy behaviour is considered normal in this particular environment could be challenged. Social Cognitive Theory could be utilised in research to develop strategies to increase women’s and midwives’ confidence specifically in initiation.

In dieser Arbei wird, auf Grundlage der Figur des Sandmanns von E.T.A. Hoffmann, nach Gruselfiguren in der Moderne gesucht, die ebenfalls als Sandmänner ansehen kann. Die Figuren, die mit dem Original aus der schwarzen Romantik verglichen werden, kommen dabei aus unterschiedlichen Medien und sind nicht nur aus Büchern, sondern auch aus der Musik, der Graphic Novel, sowie dem Film. Es wird auf intermediale Weise untersucht, wie der jeweils gezeigte Sandmann aussieht, welche Eigenschaften er aufweist und wie er sich verhält. Die ausgewählten Sandmänner kommen teilweise aus dem europäischen und teilweise aus dem amerikanischen Raum.