Stockholm stad är inne i en expansiv fas. En växande befolkning ökar inte bara behovet av ett mer ansvarsfullt markanvändande utan också en välfungerande infrastruktur. Med avseende på detta så har det de senaste åren skett och fortsätter ske, en rad större projekt som inkluderar arbete både direkt i och i nära anslutning till berg. Detta ställer höga krav på förståelse för det berg man jobbar i och därför utförs noggranna geologiska undersökningar innan ett projektarbete tar vid. Denna studie fokuserar på två sådana områden där mycket infrastrukturell aktivitet i berg har förekommit de senaste åren. Undersökningsområde nummer 1 är Stocksund och innehåller data som tagits fram i samband med utbyggnaden av elnätet i projekt City link. Område nummer 2 är Slussen på Södermalm med information som erhållits i samband med ombyggnationen av trafikplatsen. Då omfattande förundersökningar och kartläggningar har gjorts för respektive område har redan befintliga data kunnat användas på nytt i detta arbete. Studien har som syfte att undersöka tidigare förkastningar och deras rörelseriktningar i området. För att göra detta har borrkärnor från respektive lokal analyserats för att hitta rörelseindikatorer som kan påvisa hur förkastningen såg ut när den skedde. Slickenside är en typ av rörelseindikator som kan användas för detta ändamål. I varje borrkärna hittades fem stycken ytor som uppvisade slickenside och som därför har undersökts vidare. / The city of Stockholm is in a phase of expansion. A growing population does not only increase the need of a more responsible usage of land areal but also the need of a high functioning infrastructure. Due to this development a lot of large-scale projects including work in direct and in close contact to rock have been performed or are currently underway. This demands a great deal of knowledge on the certain rock-types involved in said projects and therefore thorough geological investigation takes places before any project can start. This study will focus on two of these areas where a lot of infrastructural activity in rocks have taken place during recent years. Examination area one is in Stocksund and contains data that was maintained in connection with the expansion of the power grid called project “City link”. Area two is located in Slussen, Södermalm where the information comes from the major reconstruction of the traffic juncture. Since several investigations and surveys have been conducted, old data from earlier projects has proven useful for this study. The study aims to investigate previous faults and their sense of movement in the area. In order to do so, drill cores from each site have been analyzed in order to find sense indicators that can provide information about the fault. Slickenside is a kinematic indicator that can be used for this. Each area had one drill core and in each of them five slickensides were identified and examined further.

The archaeological literature warns against trusting the context of artifacts found within a vertisol due to the constant mixing of sediments caused by the shrink/swell properties of clays. These churning processes were thought to be the defining characteristic of vertisols until only the past few decades. It is now apparent that vertisols vary drastically based on a wide spectrum of variables and are fully capable of forming without churning processes. The Buttermilk Creek Site, Block A represents a prime example of a minimally developed vertisol. In addition, the site itself is a heavily occupied lithic quarry that has been almost continuously inhabited since Clovis and possibly Pre-Clovis times. This thesis takes a detailed look at the sediments and distribution of lithic artifacts from Block A of the Buttermilk Creek site to address the two following research objectives: 1) to determine if the archaeological context within the floodplain sediments at Block A has been disturbed by post-depositional processes, and 2) to identify discrete occupation surfaces within the vertic floodplain sediments at the site. These objectives are addressed using a variety of methods, including: 1) plotting the stratigraphic position of diagnostic artifacts, 2) determining the size distribution of debitage and artifact quantities throughout the floodplain deposits, 3) examining the distribution of cultural versus non-cultural lithic material, 4) recording the presence or absence of heat alteration in the deposits, 5) creating maps showing the degree of fissuring across the site, 6) analyzing differences in patination on artifacts, and 7) analyzing the presence of calcium carbonate on artifacts from all levels. Results from these analyses show that, despite the classification of sediments at Block A as a vertisol, vertical displacement of artifacts is largely absent. Chronologically ordered diagnostic points, consistently size sorted artifacts, and a lack of constant mixing of calcium carbonate throughout the profile suggest that artifacts found as deep as 20 cm below the Clovis-aged horizon represent intact cultural horizons. These oldest components found in Block A may represent some of the earliest known evidence of people in the New World.