Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:49:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paula_ala_me_ilha.pdf: 1575411 bytes, checksum: 888f7fef0b727373d31bd42986d25a09 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Usando dois controladores digitais com modos deslizantes, é proposto neste trabalho dois esquemas que minimizam os efeitos degenerativos causados pelo atraso no tempo de compu- tação do sinal de controle, que aqui é tratado como falha. Um observador robusto com modos deslizantes é utilizado neste trabalho, uma vez que nem sempre é possível ter acesso a todos os estados do sistema. Neste trabalho o observador tem um papel fundamental na detecção e acomodação da falha, pois através de um banco de observadores é gerado um resíduo que pos- sibilita a detecção da falha e determina qual controlador deve estar atuando sobre o sistema a ser controlado. Para validar os métodos propostos, são realizadas simulações e experimentos nos modelos do pêndulo invertido e no helicóptero 3DOF; ambos equipamentos da Quanser / Using two digital controllers with sliding mode schemes that minimizes the degenerative effects caused by the delay in the computation time of the control signal are proposed in this work, which is here treated as failure. A robust observer with sliding mode is shown in this work, since it is not always possible to have access to all system states, but in this work the observer has a key role in the failure detection and accommodation, as observers are generated through a residue that directs the performance of the controller on the system being controlled. To test the proposed methods, simulations and experiments are performed on models of the inverted pendulum and the helicopter 3DOF, both Quanser equipment

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jacomeli_jr_me_ilha.pdf: 1801701 bytes, checksum: 7e0a2edc93d23563d2882556d106d710 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Devido ao grande crescimento em tamanho e complexidade dos sistemas de potência interconectados, surge a necessidade de se desenvolver novas técnicas de controle de geração. Eram usados modelos simplificados para a análise, assim como outras abordagens. Atualmente, novas modelagens levam em conta muitos outros parâmetros que antes não eram utilizados, aproximando cada vez mais a planta modelada com a planta real. Grandes esforços têm sido feitos no controle automático da geração de sistemas de potência interconectados. Para tanto, foram utilizados neste trabalho um observador com modo deslizante e leis de controle com modo deslizante analógica e controle com modo deslizante digital para análise de desempenho do controle de geração, utilizando a planta de um sistema com geração térmica e geração hidráulica interconectados. / Due to the great growth in size and complexity of the interconnected power systems, it appears of developing of new techniques of generation control. Simplified models were used for the analysis, as well as for other approaches. Nowadays, new modellings take into account many other parameters that before were not considered, approximating the modeled plant with the real plant. Great efforts have been made in the automatic generation control of the interconnected power systems. In this work an observer with sliding mode and control laws with analogical sliding mode and control with digital sliding mode, with the plant of an interconnected system with thermal generation and hydraulic generation, were proposed and analyzed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:09:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 damazo_ga_me_ilha.pdf: 760851 bytes, checksum: d1a0f2a22e4917da6787ce545199a696 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O enfoque principal do trabalho foi dado ao Controle Discreto com Modos Deslizantes(CDMD) aplicado em sistemas que possuem atraso no processamento do sinal de controle e acesso somente à saída do sistema. A estratégia de controle tem por objetivo a utilização de técnicas de controle com modos deslizantes para a elaboração de uma lei de controle simples e robusta às incertezas da planta e ao atraso. O observador de estados apresentado possui características de modo deslizante, o qual realiza a estimação robusta do vetor de estados que na maioria dos casos práticos não é totalmente acessível. Os métodos de projetos propostos podem ser aplicados no controle de plantas estáveis ou instáveis com atraso no sinal de controle e acesso somente à saída da planta. Para comprovar a eficiência dos projetos apresentados neste trabalho, analisou-se o controlador atuando com acesso a todos estados e o controlador atuando juntamente com o observador robusto para a estimação dos estados. Os resultados foram obtidos através de simulações no Sistema Bola e Viga, Sistema Pêndulo Invertido Linear e Sistema Pêndulo Invertido Rotacional que são exemplos de plantas de natureza instável. / The main focus was placed on the Discrete Sliding Mode Control (DSMC) applied to systems that have a delay in the processing of the control signal and access to the system output only. The control strategy is intended to use control techniques of sliding modes to elaborate a simple and robust control law against the uncertainties of the plant and the delay. The states observer presented has the characteristics of a sliding mode, which performs the robust estimation of the states vector that, in most practical cases, is not fully accessible. The design methods proposed may be applied to the control of stable or unstable plants with delay on the control signal and access to the plant output only. In order to attest the efficiency of the design presented in this work, the controller was analyzed at work with access to all states and jointly with the robust observer to estimate the states. The results were obtained by means of simulations in the Ball and Beam System, Linear Inverted Pendulum System, and Rotational Inverted Pendulum System, which are examples of plants of unstable nature.

A grande maioria dos robôs industriais disponíveis no mercado é de alto desempenho, principalmente com relação à precisão de posicionamento. Este aspecto é um dos fatores que mais influencia no seu preço final, levando em consideração toda a complexa cadeia de elementos que fazem com que o robô opere corretamente, desde os motores e componentes mecânicos, passando pela arquitetura e sistemas de controle até o sistema de programação. Tendo isto em vista, este trabalho visa projetar um robô industrial com preço mais acessível, adequado para o uso em processos industriais que não necessitem altos níveis de precisão. Para a redução de custos de fabricação e de componentes do robô, este trabalho viabiliza o uso de atuadores pneumáticos lineares como fonte motriz, pois os mesmos são relativamente baratos, leves, não poluentes, de fácil montagem e operação, além de apresentarem uma boa relação peso/potência. Para tanto, foi implementado uma estratégia de controle por modos deslizantes com objetivo de superar as dificuldades impostas pelo comportamento não-linear dos componentes pneumáticos. Com relação à redução de custos de programação e operação do robô, desenvolveu-se um ambiente de programação off-line, através de softwares de auxilio à manufatura e de engenharia usualmente encontrados em ambientes industriais. A estratégia fundamental neste trabalho, foi o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de projeto própria, concebida especificamente para a aplicação em projetos de robôs industriais, com os atributos de facilidade de execução e modularidade das fases envolvidas. A qual, no presente trabalho, apresenta o desenvolvimento de um robô cartesiano com três graus de liberdade acionado por atuadores pneumáticos lineares. / The great majority of industrial robots available in the market have high performance, especially relative to position accuracy. This aspect is one of the factors that most influence its final price, taking into account all complicated web elements that makes the robot operates in the correct form, since the actuators and the constructive part, passing by the architecture and control systems until the system of programming. According to these, the present work aims to project an industrial robot with more accessible costs, adequate to use in industrial process that not require high level of accuracy. For the reduction of manufacture and components costs of the robot, this work make viable to use of pneumatic actuators like a motive source, because are relatively cheap, light, not pollutants, easy assembly and operation, besides presenting a good relation weight/power. For such purpose, the strategy of control was implemented by sliding mode control for the objective to surpass the difficulties imposed by the non-linear behavior of the pneumatic components. About the reduction of programming and operation costs of the robot, an off-line programming environment was developed through manufacturing aided software and a software of engineering both usually found in industrial environments. The basic strategy in this work, was the development of an own methodology of project, conceived specifically for the application in projects of industrial robots, with the attributes of easiness of execution and modularization of the wrapped phases. That methodology, in the present work, presents the development of a Cartesian robot with three degrees of freedom actuated by pneumatic servo drive.

O presente trabalho trata do projeto, construção e análise de desempenho de um robô pneumático com três graus de liberdade. Foi fundamentado no trabalho de Frasson (2007) com alterações na escolha de componentes que permitissem a redução de custos. Tem como objetivo verificar se um robô comandado por válvulas solenóide rápidas, e controlado pela técnica baseada em modos deslizantes (Slide Mode Control), tem desempenho adequado para permitir sua aplicação em processos industriais. Os testes efetuados para constatar seu desempenho foram os de deslocamento em degrau (step) e o seguimento de trajetória. A configuração do robô é cartesiana por permitir que os eixos do robô trabalhem desacoplados, facilitando o estudo dos movimentos. Os resultados dos testes de deslocamento em degrau e os de seguimento de trajetória indicam que o robô mostrou-se eficiente no posicionamento final em relação os valores definidos pela camada limite. Observou-se também que a combinação entre o tempo de resposta da válvula solenóide e a vazão de ar que atravessa à válvula (constante no caso de válvulas solenóide) estabelece a dinâmica dos cilindros e, dependendo da velocidade determinada para o deslocamento do êmbolo resulta impossível manter a movimentação dentro da camada limite escolhida. Desta forma o robô cartesiano com acionamento por eletroválvulas pneumáticas e controlado através da técnica baseada em modos deslizantes, mostrou-se eficiente para tarefas em que é necessário um de posicionamento final dentro da camada limite, como podem ser as de montagem e armazenamento, por exemplo. Já nas aplicações em que o seguimento de trajetória se torna necessário, deve ser feito um estudo considerando o tempo de acionamento das válvulas, a vazão de ar e as velocidades que o robô deve desempenhar para determinar se a largura da camada limite necessária é aceitável para a aplicação pretendida. / The present work tries the design, construction and analysis of performance of one three degrees of freedom pneumatic robot. This work was substantiated in the work of Frasson (2007) with some alterations in the components choice to reduce costs. This work objective is to verify the robot, being commanded by quick solenoid valves, and controlled by a technique based on Slide Mode Control, permits their application in industrial trials. The tests performed for establish his performance were the displacement in step function and the following of path. This robot has a Cartesian configuration because the axis is free to move alone and the study of axes movement is easy. The tests results indicate that a pneumatic robot had precise perform in the tests of displacement in step, positioning itself inside the streak of default tolerance in each one of the axes. Also the solenoid valve response time and the solenoid valve air flux make a cylinder dynamics and depends on speed choice to piston movement may be impossible to maintain the motion inside of the sliding surface. Then a Cartesian pneumatic robot commanded by fast solenoid valves a having an Slide Mode Control show efficient to deal with assignments which need a final location inside the limit area, as assemblies or storage assignments. In cases where following of path is important, is need an specific study on valves switching time, air flow and speed needed in robot operation to determine if the limit region defined is accepted for the assignments choiced.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho de Mestrado é avaliar compensadores que tentam diminuir o efeito do atrito estático existente em válvulas de controle. Os compensadores de atrito utilizados neste trabalho foram: CR1, CR2 Knocker, Two-move, controle por modos deslizantes e controle por modos deslizantes integrador. Estes compensadores são implementados em um ambiente industrial (SDCD). Devido ao atrito, o sistema tem um comportamento não-linear, o qual pode afetar o bom rendimento de um controlador PID, sendo que o sistema em malha fechada pode ter oscilações. Então, para obter uma diminuição do efeito do atrito, empregam-se compensadores de atrito. Para implementá-los, é necessário conhecer os parâmetros do atrito existente. Portanto, a primeira parte deste trabalho consiste em uma explicação dos diferentes modelos e métodos que se vai usar neste trabalho. Também foram realizadas simulações das estratégias de controle utilizadas. Após estes tópicos, vai se identificar o modelo do sistema que conta com uma malha de controle de vazão, com o objetivo de auxiliar na sintonia do controlador PID. Depois, introduzem-se os compensadores de atrito, os quais tentam minimizar os índices ITAE (Integrated Time Absolute Error) e IAE (Integrated Absolute Error), bem como o desgaste que se produz nos equipamentos, devido ao uso (excessiva movimentação da haste das válvulas). O objetivo assumido é implementar as estratégias de controle em um software industrial. Os resultados mostraram que os compensadores CR1 e CR2 obtiveram os melhores índices de desempenho e conseguiram compensar o atrito na haste da válvula de controle. / The main objective of this work is to evaluate compensators that try to decrease the static friction effect existent in control valves. The friction compensaters used in this work were: CR1, CR2, Knocker, Two-move, sliding mode control and sliding mode control with integrator. These compensators are implemented in an industrial environment (DCS). Due to friction, the system has a nonlinear behavior, which may affect the good performance of a PID controller, wherein the closed loop system can have oscillations. So to get a decrease in the effect of friction, friction compensators are employed. To implement them, it is necessary to know the parameters of the friction existent. So the first part of this work consists of an explanation of the different models and methods that will be use in this work. Also, simulations were made of the control strategies used. After these topics, it will be identify the system model which has a own control loop, in order to help the PID controller tuning. Then it will be introduced friction compensators, which attempt to minimize the ITAE (Integral Time Absolute Error) and IAE (Integrated Absolute Error), and wear that occurs on the equipment due to the use (excessive movement of the valve stem). The assumed objective is to implement control strategies in industrial software. The results show that the compensators CR1 and CR2 have the best performance indexes and they compensate for the friction in the control valve stem.

The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources, in particular Photovoltaic (PV) production units, and the ever-growing use of power electronics-based equipment has led to specific concern about Power Quality (PQ) in the Low-Voltage (LV) grid. These include high- and low-order current harmonics as well as voltage distortion at the point of common coupling. Solutions to overcome these issues, meeting international grid codes, are being proposed in the context of smart energy management schemes.This work proposes a novel three-phase topology for a PV system with enhanced PQ mitigation functionality, tackling the corresponding control challenges.First, a single-stage current-source inverter PV system with active filtering capability is preferred to the more common two-stage voltage-source inverter topology with additional voltage-step-up converter. The system also guarantees a nearly unitary displacement power factor in the connection to the grid and allows for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) with direct control of the PV array power. The grid-synchronised dq-axis grid current references are generated for the mitigation of nonlinear load low-order current harmonics, without the need for additional measurements. Active damping is used to minimise grid-side filter losses and reduce high-order harmonics resulting from the converter switching.Results on a 500W laboratory prototype confirm that active damping reduces the switching harmonics in the grid currents and active filtering properly mitigates the low-order current harmonics. The MPPT algorithm works effectively for various irradiance variations. Second, a PV system with a novel Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC)-based unified power quality conditioner topology is developed for enhanced current and voltage compensation capability, with compactness and reliability advantages. PQ issues such as current harmonics, and voltage sags, swells, undervoltage and overvoltage are mitigated by the shunt and series converters, respectively.The more common Space Vector Modulation (SVM) method used in IMCs is developed for this specific topology. In particular, a new shunt converter modulation method is proposed to additionally control the PV array current with zero switching vectors, resulting in a specific switching sequence.A direct sliding mode control method is also studied separately for the shunt and series converters, so that the zero-vector modulation method of the shunt converter can be used, with no sensitive synchronisation of the switching signals; this contrasts with the SVM method. A new dc link voltage modulation method with 12 voltage zones, instead of 6, is proposed to help overcome the limitation in the choice of shunt converter switching vectors due to the positive dc link voltage constraint.Results are obtained for the direct method on a 1 kW laboratory prototype with optimised IMC dc link connection and alternative shunt converter switching transitions to guarantee a positive dc link voltage. Current and voltage compensation capabilities are confirmed by tests in various operating conditions. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The state-of-art model-free reinforcement learning algorithms can generate admissible controls for complicated systems with no prior knowledge of the system dynamics, so long as sufficient (oftentimes millions) of samples are available from the environ- ment. On the other hand, model-based reinforcement learning approaches seek to leverage known optimal or robust control to reinforcement learning tasks by mod- elling the system dynamics and applying well established control algorithms to the system model. Sliding-mode controllers are robust to system disturbance and modelling errors, and have been widely used for high-order nonlinear system control. This thesis studies the application of sliding mode control to model-based reinforcement learning. Computer simulation results demonstrate that sliding-mode control is viable in the setting of reinforcement learning. While the system performance may suffer from problems such as deviations in state estimation, limitations in the capacity of the system model to express the system dynamics, and the need for many samples to converge, this approach still performs comparably to conventional model-free reinforcement learning methods.

The goal of this diploma work is to design a control for permanent magnet synchronous motor in sliding mode. The introduction describes a synchronous motor, sensors which are used in the control process as well as power devices. Further, there is description of mathematical model for the synchronous motor. Another part of the diploma work deals with classic vector control for this kind of motor followed by the sliding mode control for the motor. At the end, there is presented an algorithm which has been implemented in the processor designed for this equipment. All the controllers used in the equipment have been tested on motor simulations. In conclusion, there is a target analysis and facts finding.

<div>Collision avoidance design plays an essential role in autonomous vehicle technology. It's an attractive research area that will need much experimentation in the future. This research area is very important for providing the maximum safety to automated vehicles, which have to be tested several times under different circumstances for safety before use in real life. This thesis proposes a method for designing and presenting a collision avoidance maneuver by using a model predictive controller with a moving obstacle for automated vehicles. It consists of a plant model, an adaptive MPC controller, and a reference trajectory. The proposed strategy applies a dynamic bicycle model as the plant model, adaptive model predictive controller for the lateral control, and a custom reference trajectory for the scenario design. The model was developed using the Model Predictive Control Toolbox and Automated Driving Toolbox in Matlab. Builtin tools available in Matlab/Simulink were used to verify the modeling approach and analyze the performance of the system. The major contribution of this thesis work was implementing a novel dynamic obstacle avoidance control method for automated vehicles. The study used validated parameters obtained from previous research. The novelty of this research was performing the studies using a MPC based controller instead of a sliding mode controller, that was primarily used in other studies. The results obtained from the study are compared with the validated models. The comparisons consisted of the lateral overlap,lateral error, and steering angle simulation results between the models. Additionally,this study also included outcomes for the yaw angle. The comparisons and other outcomes obtained in this study indicated that the developed control model produced reasonably acceptable results and recommendations for future studies.</div>