The aim of this study was to determine possible differences in the quality of bare-rooted transplants from bareroot seedlings grown in mineral soil and plastic coverings, in spring and summer transplanting terms at different length of transplanted seedlings, and put a proposal on the best practices of cultivation. The parameters and characters such as the total length of the part above ground, increments, rootcollar thickness, quality, damage, losses and economic assessment were evaluated. From the results it was found that the quality is affected by neither the season of transplanting nor the way of cultivation. The biggest influence on the quality of seedlings is made by the human factor. The total length of transplants is affected by the cultivation method and on the contrary not by the year season of transplanting. From the economic point of view it is preferable to grow transplants from seedlings from artificial coverings.

The diploma thesis was focused on the methods of mechanical stress of standing trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and finding out the insufficiency associated with this method to facilitate the work for next measurements in the subsequent years. There were found wind damages that occurred in the last 15 years. Damages were determined from reports of state of forestry management and from reports of agency forest protection. The method was tested in two locations (in Kostelec and in Bělčice). During testing was wire rope changed for fabric rope, which has better qualities and it is safer. Round slings were placed near to the centre of tree crown, then was tied fabric rope, strain gauge with data logger and hook from the winch rope. The winch was secured by round sling to the anchoring tree. Overall there were tested 10 trees, the applied load was from 320 to 1,060 kg. In the case, when the tree become broken, there was noted the height of the break point.

There is a large natural disturbance in spruce stands at the present moment in many European countries. Therefore understanding of the long-term natural processes and the impact of disturbances on the structure have a key role in the management of spruce forests. For this purpose, we have studied the structure and the historical regime mountains, which is one of the best preserved forest ecosystems in the Europe. Between 2011 and 2013 years we have founded nearly 50 research spots in the four valleys where we collected data on the structure of the forest. For purposes of reconstruction of disturbances history samples from almost 3 500 individuals of Norway spruce (Picea Abies) were taken. Data were analyzed with dendrochronological methods and descriptive statistics. Partial synchronization of disturbances with the valleys and the subsequent rise in the regeneration was detected, which shows the influence of disturbances evoked by wind and then, probably, by the increasing population of bark beetles. We noticed the importance of the disturbances (weak - strong), which directly influences the structure and creates the mosaic diversity of vegetation. The history of the oldest areas goes back for 400 years, and for the youngest - for 100 years. The volume of the deadwood in the valleys was approximately 135 m3. Overall, on the investigated spots 1380 individuals of regeneration with dominating recovery of Norway spruce (Picea Abies) were recorded, with the proportion of 76 %. Our results show that the disturbances are partially synchronized with the landscape level and also on the level of each valley, and have a major impact on the structure and dynamic of the forest. Natural disturbances are the main factor affecting the natural regeneration of spruce forests.

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Angl. resumé