When the heterogeneity of the city is considered, the sociological implications which stem from this heterogeneity become important to understanding the social structure of the city. One of these sociological implications is intrinsic in the patterns of transportation. This is an ecological study of the structure and changing structure of parts of the city. We will study the relationship between two variables; social area characteristics and patterns of transportation.

The goal of this paper is to evaluate the level of activities of companies that operate in the Czech market in the social area of CSR and to ascertain how the companies perceive CSR. The paper is written from an ethical point of view. On the basis of several theoretical concepts we present a design to evaluate CSR activities of the companies. This way we analyze the CSR activities of two companies in the Czech market. These two companies should represent the cream of the crop in CSR in the Czech market. Another perspective is being presented by conducting a survey among a wide group of companies in the Czech market. This survey is aimed at CSR activities of the companies and both their internal and external perception of CSR. Companies are analyzed and compared due to the size of their staff (small, medium and large), and the location of their headquarters (Czech and foreign). On the basis of these analyses we present a set of recommendations.

This diploma thesis deals with an issue of a volunteering from a perspective of organizations operating in the health-social area, specifically in terms of their needs in an implementation of the volunteering. The research was conducted in Teplice region. Two years ago within the bachelor thesis there was carried out an analysis here, whose results the current research builds on. The aim of the diploma thesis was to find out which are the needs of organizations in the health-social area with getting the volunteers. The theoretical part is devoted to definitions of concepts relating to the volunteering in the health-social area. It defines a concept of the organization in the health-social area, it also deals with concepts of the volunteering and the volunteer. Other chapters were devoted to the volunteering in the health-social area and a management of the volunteering. There does not miss a chapter dedicated to the needs of a man, a volunteer and an organization. The conclusion describes the current state of the volunteering in the region of Teplice. The whole issue was explored through a quantitative research. The main method used to gather the necessary data was questioning, a technique of a semi-structured interview. Partial research questions were answered by an analysis of these interviews. The thesis presents needs of organizations in the health-social area associated with getting of the volunteers. In particular, a necessity for a greater awareness about the whole issue of the volunteering, higher numbers of active volunteers in the region, a need of a staffing to be able to manage these activities in a person of a volunteers´ coordinator and together with it associated funds. In conclusion the author tries to outline contexts and possible solutions for the development of the volunteering in Teplice region.

This dissertation examines urban growth patterns in the Roanoke, Virginia, metropolis. It draws on the literature of contemporary human ecology and social area analysis to examine the effects of low-density development on low-income populations and racial minorities. The continuous spread of residential development beyond the boundaries of the central city and older suburbs into more distant, once rural areas is segregating the metropolitan area by race and income. Since the prominence of the so-called "Chicago School" of urban sociology (1913-1940), contemporary urban sociologists have outlined theories and methods to examine how American urban areas have changed and why. This dissertation is not about urban problems and solutions. It is about familiarizing readers with the theories of human ecology and social area analysis and their utility for explaining contemporary urban spatial patterns. If we are to get better and more equitable metropolitan areas, we must find out what really creates our urban areas, physically, economically, and socially. We must reach a deeper understanding of the forces and processes that have shaped them. Finally, we must understand the social consequences to urban life, relative to concentration of poverty and racial minorities in central cities. Toward that end, this study uses the statistical techniques called Social Area Analysis and Factorial Ecology to examine and describe the social-spatial patterns of the Roanoke, Virginia, metropolis, focusing on poverty and race. Specifically, the study uses 1980, 1990 and 2000 census data and the U.S. Geologic Survey of Land Use Cover to compute the factor analysis, construct the Socio-Economic Status (SES) index, rank the metropolis' census tracts based on the SES factors and develop the ecological growth model for the Roanoke metropolis. The analyses of the SES areas reveal that the metropolis' growth model is a combination of Ernest Burgess' concentric zone theory and Harris and Ullman's multiple nuclei model. Ultimately, the significance of this study lies not in the creation of an alternative theory of urban spatial patterns, but as an opportunity to amend more traditional approaches of human ecology so as to include racial segregation and income polarization as influences on metropolitan spatial patterns, and to produce a more integrated and accurate theoretical framework. This dissertation is organized as follows: Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to the study. In Chapter 2, relevant literature regarding urban spatial patterns and contemporary human ecology is reviewed. Chapter 3 provides a thorough explanation of the research methodology. In Chapter 4, the results of the social area analysis and factor analysis are presented. GIS maps are also used to show the SES areas or multiple spatial patterns in the metropolis, especially the areas of concentrated poverty and race. In Chapter 5, the evolution of the metropolis' growth pattern is reviewed, and a contemporary ecological growth model is developed for the Roanoke metropolis. This model is then compared against the traditional human ecology growth models, including concentric zone theory, sector model theory and multiple nuclei theory. Chapter 6 concludes with a brief discussion of the consequences of the metropolis' growth pattern and the utility of the human ecological perspective for explaining contemporary urban spatial patterns, and suggestions for further research.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:07610175 研究代表者:松本 康 研究期間:1995-1997年度