El diario Trome es considerado un éxito periodístico, inclusive la escuela de negocios de la Universidad de Harvard lo considera digno de análisis. Es el diario de mayor circulación de habla hispana. En promedio vende 700 mil ejemplares al día mientras. Hoy supera los 2 millones de lectores y lectoras, en 2001 eran unas 163 mil y en el 2004 llegaba a un poco más de medio millón. Tomando en cuenta la excelente acogida de Trome en términos de ejemplares y lectoría, este trabajo busca identificar cuál es la agenda informativa ofrecida a su lectoría y evidenciar las representaciones sociales cotidianas preponderantes. Se incluye un análisis de la evolución del diario en sus 18 años. Las discusiones de sus creadores y los ajustes al contenido periodístico y su narrativa bajo el argumento de ofrecer lo que su audiencia espera. Además, incluye un análisis del titular de la noticia principal de la Portada y los de las 2 secciones más extensas del diario y recurrentes en Portada, Actualidad y Fiesta. Gracias al estudio de 21 diarios consecutivos y de 228 páginas de Trome, se ha podido identificar que los hechos de violencia y los asuntos de la vida privada de algunos personajes de espectáculo predominan como las representaciones de la vida cotidiana ofrecidas por el diario más exitoso de habla hispana, consumido por unos 2 millones de personas, básicamente de familias de nivel socio económico C y D, audiencia para la cual fue diseñado. / TROME newspaper is considered a journalistic success, even Harvard University Business School considers it worthy of analysis. It is the newspaper with the largest circulation among Spanish-speaking countries. On average, it sells seven hundred thousand (700,000) copies everyday compared to El Tiempo from Colombia, which sells around 400,000. Currently, its readers consist of more than 2 million people. This number had been growing considerably since 2001 when there were 163,000 readers and in 2004, it reached a little over half a million people. Considering the excellent results of Trome, this paper seeks to identify what are the news prioritize by Trome and stablish its representations of daily life. It includes an analysis of the evolution of the newspaper, as well as the discussions of its creators, the adjustments to the journalistic content and its narrative under the argument of offering what its audience expects. In addition, it includes an analysis of the headlines regarding the main news of its Cover and the 2 most extensive sections of the newspaper, Actualidad (current news) and Fiesta (Showbusiness). In summary, after the analysis of 21 consecutive newspapers and 228 pages, it has been possible to identify that the acts of violence and private life issues of some TV celebrities predominate as the representations of daily life offered by the most successful Spanish-speaking newspaper and consumed by about 2 million people. Basically, it is aimed at families of socio-economic C and D levels that represent the audiences for which TROME was designed. / Tesis

Social violence is a serious problem in Latin America, an assertion that is thoroughly supported by statistics that identify Latin America as one of the most violent regions in the world (?Searching for Solutions in Latin America and the Caribbean? 20). These violent statistics explored in the very first chapter set the stage for this proposal by establishing its dire purpose. Formative historical legacies are central to social development, and they can provide the root causes and resentments that spur such social violence. There are a few that are common to the area of Latin America as a whole, such as the colonial experience and the slave trade, and these are examined alongside legacies of key leaders and educators that have shaped the face of the region and produced both pillars of hope and some of the greatest obstacles to social change. Understanding the root causes of violence and the formidable obstacles against effecting social change are key elements in designing and instituting a solution to this problem. Within this solution, education is a universally valid channel that, if given the necessary resources and personnel, could affect the lives of the majority of citizens. Combining the ideas of Martin L. Hoffman on the effect of inductive discipline encounters on children through character education, education becomes a powerful tool for creating not only more intelligent and autonomous citizens, but more empathic ones more attuned to an ?ethic of care.? While such a proposal certainly offers no guarantees and its successful institution would need to co-exist with other much needed social, political and economic reforms, it is presented as an innovative and experimental solution to a pressing problem taking a toll on the social and economic capital of societies in the region; a toll that is not easily ignored, particularly those for whom violence is an every day reality.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2018-05-11T12:17:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Alline Oliveira do Nascimento Veloso.pdf: 31705384 bytes, checksum: 1e50c93213ba6877ff53d772779bcd6e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2018-05-23T16:50:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Alline Oliveira do Nascimento Veloso.pdf: 31705384 bytes, checksum: 1e50c93213ba6877ff53d772779bcd6e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T16:50:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Alline Oliveira do Nascimento Veloso.pdf: 31705384 bytes, checksum: 1e50c93213ba6877ff53d772779bcd6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-26 / INTRODUCTION: Among the various forms of violence expression, homicide constitutes the one with the largest impact, because it infringes on the life of the human being, and is therefore, considered the main indicator of violence in a society. It affects the population in an unequal way and the knowledge of its patterns and causes are fundamental for the implementation of preventive strategies. OBJECTIVE: To characterize violence through murder homicide events and their associated factors, and to analyze the pattern of spatial distribution of victims' homes of João Pessoa, Paraíba. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, ecological, and documentary study was carried out in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, by means of an analysis of investigations of victims of intentional homicide in 2015, registered by the Crime Victims Unit (Homicide). Data on the characteristics of victims and homicides were analyzed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency) and inferential statistics (Chi-Squared and Robust Poisson Regression). The level of significance was 95%. Through the Kernel estimation, the spatial distribution pattern of homicides of homicide victims in the municipality was identified. The subnormal clusters layer was superimposed on the spatial distribution map of the victims' homes, and the spatial relationship between the high intensity areas of homicides and those of the subnormal clusters in the districts of the municipality was visually verified. The group of neighborhoods classified as having high homicide intensity was compared, in terms of socioeconomic characteristics, with those that did not present an occurrence and with the municipality average. RESULTS: 424 homicides were registered, of which 93.2% were men, 70.5% were single, 65.9% were between 13 and 29 years of age, 67.5% were less than seven years of study and 97.2% non-white. Previous history of reclusion was found in 29% of the victims and 57.1% had a history of involvement with drugs. There was a significant association between involvement with illicit drugs with gender (p = 0.037), age (p = 0.002) and history of reclusion (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, there was association with age (p <0.001, PR = 0.832 and CI from 0.761 to 0.910) and history of reclusion (p <0.001, PR = 1.447 and CI from 1.327 to 1.577). There were 369 homicide victims resided in the municipality, however, it was possible to georeferencing 280 residences. Clusters of residences are seen in some districts of the municipality, classified as high intensity event areas, or hot spots (Hot Spot). It was generally perceived that the spatial relationship between these areas was positive with the presence of subnormal clusters, and the group of neighborhoods that presented hot areas represented the one with the worst socioeconomic conditions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Deaths from homicides are predominantly male, young, non-white, low schooling, victimized by firearms and involved with illicit drugs and crime. The study allowed the identification of neighborhoods that deserve attention regarding the control and prevention of mortality due to murder homicides in the municipality, as well as the improvement of the living conditions of the population. / INTRODUÇÃO: Dentre as diversas formas de expressão da violência, o homicídio constitui- se naquela de maior impacto, por infringir a vida do ser humano, sendo, portanto, considerado o principal indicador de violência de uma sociedade. Acomete a população de forma desigual e o conhecimento dos seus padrões e causas são fundamentais para implantação de estratégias preventivas. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a violência através dos eventos de homicídios dolosos e seus fatores associados e analisar o padrão de distribuição espacial das residências das vítimas no município de João Pessoa, PB. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, ecológico, documental, por meio da análise de inquéritos de vítimas de homicídios dolosos ocorridos em 2015, registrados pela Delegacia de Crimes Contra a Pessoa da Capital (Homicídios), no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Foram analisadas informações sobre as características das vítimas e dos homicídios por meio da estatística descritiva (frequência absoluta e relativa) e inferencial (Qui Quadrado e Regressão Robusta de Poisson). O nível de significância adotado foi de 95%. Através da estimativa Kernel, foi identificado o padrão de distribuição espacial das residências das vítimas de homicídios no município. A camada de aglomerados subnormais foi sobreposta ao Mapa de distribuição espacial das residências das vítimas, e verificada visualmente a relação espacial entre as áreas de alta intensidade de homicídios e as de aglomerados subnormais, nos bairros do município. O grupo de bairros classificados como sendo de alta intensidade de homicídios foi comparado, quanto às características socioeconômicas, com aquele que não apresentou ocorrência e com a média do município. RESULTADOS: Foram registrados 424 homicídios, dos quais 93,2% eram homens, 70,5% solteiros, 65,9% tinham idades entre 13 e 29 anos, 67,5% com menos de sete anos de estudo e 97,2% não brancos. Histórico de reclusão anterior foi encontrado em 29% das vítimas e 57,1% tinham historia de envolvimento com drogas. Observou-se associação significativa entre envolvimento com drogas ilícitas com gênero (p=0,037), idade (p=0,002) e histórico de reclusão (p= 0,001). Na analise multivariada encontrou-se associação com a idade (p<0,001; RP=0,832 e IC de 0,761 a 0,910) e histórico de reclusão (p<0,001, RP=1,447 e IC de 1,327 a 1,577). Foram registradas 369 vítimas de homicídios que residiam no município, entretanto foi possível georreferenciar 280 residências. Visualizaram-se aglomerados de residências em alguns bairros do município, classificados como sendo áreas de alta intensidade de eventos, ou áreas quentes (Hot Spot). Percebeu-se, de um modo geral, que tais áreas relacionaram-se espacialmente com as de aglomerados subnormais, e o grupo de bairros que apresentaram áreas quentes representou aquele com as piores condições socioeconômicas. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: As mortes por homicídios envolvem, predominantemente, indivíduos do sexo masculino, adultos jovens, não brancos, de baixa escolaridade, vitimados por armas de fogo e envolvidos com drogas ilícitas e com a criminalidade. O estudo permitiu identificar bairros que merecem atenção quanto ao controle e a prevenção da mortalidade por homicídios dolosos no município, bem como às melhorias das condições de vida da população.

yes / Over the last quarter century post-conflict and post-authoritarian transitions in Latin America have been accompanied by a surge in social violence, acquisitive crime, and insecurity. These phenomena have been driven by an expanding international narcotics trade, by the long-term effects of civil war and counter-insurgency (resulting in, inter alia, an increased availability of small arms and a pervasive grammar of violence), and by structural stresses on society (unemployment, hyper-inflation, widening income inequality). Local police forces proved to be generally ineffective in preventing, resolving, or detecting such crime and forms of “new violence”3 due to corruption, frequent complicity in criminal networks, poor training and low pay, and the routine use of excessive force without due sanction. Why, then, have governments been slow to prioritize police reform and why have reform efforts borne largely “limited or nonexistent” long-term results? This chapter highlights a number of lessons suggested by various efforts to reform the police in Latin America over the period 1995-2010 . It focuses on two clusters of countries in Latin America. One is Brazil and the Southern Cone countries (Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay), which made the transition to democracy from prolonged military authoritarian rule in the mid- to late 1980s. The other is Central America and the Andean region (principally El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru, and Colombia), which emerged/have been emerging from armed conflict since the mid- 1990s. The chapter examines first the long history of international involvement in police and security sector reform in order to identify long-run tropes and path dependencies. It then focuses on a number of recurring themes: cycles of de- and re-militarization of the policing function; the “security gap” and “democratization dilemmas” involved in structural reforms; the opportunities offered by decentralization for more community-oriented police; and police capacity to resist reform and undermine accountability mechanisms.

In its investigation of social and political violence during the Irish Civil War, this thesis tackles the diverse range of deliberate, frightening and harmful actions—largely neglected by military and political histories of the conflict—that surfaced in local communities in Ireland during 1922–23. Through a three-county study of Limerick, Tipperary and Waterford, in the province of Munster, this thesis examines and explains violence perpetrated alongside and away from armed encounters between the anti-Treaty republican army and Free State forces. It identifies three main categories of violence: arson (the burning of houses, crops and infrastructure), intimidation (including boycott, damage to property, verbal and written threats, animal maiming, cattle driving and land seizure) and violence against the person (bodily damage or death through physical contact or the use of weapons). The thesis charts, where possible, the frequency of the violent act and, in exploring the symbolism and strategies involved in arson, intimidation and violence against the person, identifies two key functions of social and political violence. For one, targeted violence was used, during the Irish Civil War, to regulate community relations: state-sanctioned ethnic cleansing did not take place, but the religious and political minority (Protestants, ex-Servicemen and other British Loyalists) were deliberately persecuted, resulting in their flight from Munster. Land is another powerful motif in the thesis; the second key function of violence was to challenge attitudes towards rural issues and force redistribution outside the official channels. The thesis also places the Irish Civil War in perspective: the prolific bloodshed, sexual violence and gruesome torture witnessed in Central Europe, after World War I, did not become the norm in Ireland. Animals and private property bore the brunt of the severest actions in the three Munster counties. By bringing to light victims’ experiences of violence recorded in largely unexplored compensation claims, this thesis captures the complex questions of loyalty and identity—facing armed actors and officials, as well as civilians—that beset the violent and chaotic establishment of independent Ireland.

Orientador: Hélia Sônia Raphael / Banca: Ana Clara Bortoleto Nery / Banca: Mara Regina de Sordi / Banca: Antônio Carlos Simôes Pião / Banca: Iraíde Marques de Freitas / Resumo: O ensino superior noturno é representativo no país, pois detém mais de 60% das matrículas em cursos de graduação. Com o objetivo de discutir se os componentes do entorno educacional (com recorte nas áreas de transportes, trânsito, segurança e legislação trabalhista) afetam o dia-a-dia do estudante e se podem interferir na sua condição física, na sua motivação, no seu empenho e no seu desempenho discente foi realizada pesquisa quali-quantitativa junto a 340 estudantes do período noturno de três instituições privadas: uma localizada na cidade de São Paulo, outra na região de Campinas e, uma terceira, na região de Araçatuba. A pesquisa contemplou também, a realização de entrevistas junto a coordenadores de cursos e Coordenadoria de Análise e Planejamento da Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados mostram que há aspectos comuns no cotidiano dos estudantes pesquisados: elevado índice de estudantes-trabalhadores (86%), longo dia de trabalho, alimentação inadequada, condições desfavoráveis de trânsito e transportes, horário inadequado de saída do trabalho e atividades profissionais após o expediente, que comprometem a chegada do estudante na instituição de ensino, sua condição física, de estudo, em função de atrasos constantes, perda de aulas e provas. De acordo com os estudantes pesquisados, este dia-a-dia afeta suas atividades de sala de aula, de pesquisa, de aprendizagem e de socialização na instituição. Após as aulas, as restrições de transportes para a residência e a exposição do estudante à crescente violência social urbana, complementam o cenário diário. A pesquisa apontou também que, as políticas públicas e as diretrizes das instituições de ensino para os cursos noturnos ignoram as dificuldades deste entorno em suas normas, regulamentos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The conduct of university courses at night in Brazil is significant, where this scheduling option is used by more that 60% of undergraduate students. In order to discuss if the surrounding education (issues in the areas of transportation, traffic, public safety and labor law) affects the student day-by-day and can influences the student's physical and psychological state upon arrival for their studies, it was developed a quantitative and qualitative research conducted with 340 students who attend night classes at three private institutions located in São Paulo State (one in São Paulo city, other institution in a city placed in Campinas region and another one in a city located in Araçatuba neighborhood). Interviews were done with some courses coordinators from those institutions and representative of Safety Public Secretary from São Paulo State. The results show common challenges applicable to students researched: high incidence of students who work (86%), long workdays, inadequate diet, traffic and transportation difficulties, workdays ending at a late hour, and professional activities after the normal workday all negatively impact the student's development considering late arrives, missing classes and exams. According to students researched this scenario affects learning activities in classes, researches in libraries, laboratories usage and social integration aspects too. After class, limited transportation and exposure to rising urban violence add to these challenges. The research points also that university guidelines surrounding classes conducted at night ignore this environment in the setting of rules, regulations and teaching strategies, creating a gap between "inside-the-wall" thinking at universities and the reality "outside-the-wall". The policies (traffic management, transportation and public safety)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-11-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:05:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 terribilifilho_a_dr_mar.pdf: 690742 bytes, checksum: 316c534a6c91be3953aea67af91d580c (MD5) / O ensino superior noturno é representativo no país, pois detém mais de 60% das matrículas em cursos de graduação. Com o objetivo de discutir se os componentes do entorno educacional (com recorte nas áreas de transportes, trânsito, segurança e legislação trabalhista) afetam o dia-a-dia do estudante e se podem interferir na sua condição física, na sua motivação, no seu empenho e no seu desempenho discente foi realizada pesquisa quali-quantitativa junto a 340 estudantes do período noturno de três instituições privadas: uma localizada na cidade de São Paulo, outra na região de Campinas e, uma terceira, na região de Araçatuba. A pesquisa contemplou também, a realização de entrevistas junto a coordenadores de cursos e Coordenadoria de Análise e Planejamento da Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados mostram que há aspectos comuns no cotidiano dos estudantes pesquisados: elevado índice de estudantes-trabalhadores (86%), longo dia de trabalho, alimentação inadequada, condições desfavoráveis de trânsito e transportes, horário inadequado de saída do trabalho e atividades profissionais após o expediente, que comprometem a chegada do estudante na instituição de ensino, sua condição física, de estudo, em função de atrasos constantes, perda de aulas e provas. De acordo com os estudantes pesquisados, este dia-a-dia afeta suas atividades de sala de aula, de pesquisa, de aprendizagem e de socialização na instituição. Após as aulas, as restrições de transportes para a residência e a exposição do estudante à crescente violência social urbana, complementam o cenário diário. A pesquisa apontou também que, as políticas públicas e as diretrizes das instituições de ensino para os cursos noturnos ignoram as dificuldades deste entorno em suas normas, regulamentos... / The conduct of university courses at night in Brazil is significant, where this scheduling option is used by more that 60% of undergraduate students. In order to discuss if the surrounding education (issues in the areas of transportation, traffic, public safety and labor law) affects the student day-by-day and can influences the student’s physical and psychological state upon arrival for their studies, it was developed a quantitative and qualitative research conducted with 340 students who attend night classes at three private institutions located in São Paulo State (one in São Paulo city, other institution in a city placed in Campinas region and another one in a city located in Araçatuba neighborhood). Interviews were done with some courses coordinators from those institutions and representative of Safety Public Secretary from São Paulo State. The results show common challenges applicable to students researched: high incidence of students who work (86%), long workdays, inadequate diet, traffic and transportation difficulties, workdays ending at a late hour, and professional activities after the normal workday all negatively impact the student’s development considering late arrives, missing classes and exams. According to students researched this scenario affects learning activities in classes, researches in libraries, laboratories usage and social integration aspects too. After class, limited transportation and exposure to rising urban violence add to these challenges. The research points also that university guidelines surrounding classes conducted at night ignore this environment in the setting of rules, regulations and teaching strategies, creating a gap between “inside-the-wall” thinking at universities and the reality “outside-the-wall”. The policies (traffic management, transportation and public safety)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Even if the messiness of peacebuilding has been recognized for some time, peacebuilding has still been viewed as quite linear, meaning there’s a transition from war to peace and that peacebuilding is a phase. Recently, other voices have been raised claiming we need a paradigm shift and to stop seeing peacebuilding as linear and instead see it as a never-ending constantly adapting practice. The question then arises, if it is possible to distinguish that peacebuilding connected to a specific conflict ends at some point and if society adapts to conduct peacebuilding for new tensions within society. That is what this thesis aims to find out, and it does so by mapping the activities of the civil society in a post-conflict country, as civil society constitutes an excellent indicator of what kind of peacebuilding is being done. The case studied is El Salvador, which ended a 12-year-long civil war with a peace agreement in 1992. The activities are mapped with the help of a framework for analyzing civil society peacebuilding. The study concludes that much of the peacebuilding activities connected to the civil war seem to have ended, except for when it comes to the rights of people who became disabled by the civil war, as well as trauma treatment activities addressing trauma from the civil war. Civil society also shows certain adaptation to the gang violence, by addressing it with trauma treatment activities and activities aiming at building a culture of peace.

In the submitted thesis I focus on domestic violence issues. In the theoretical part, I outline these issues based on a bibliographic research; I specify a basic classification of domestic violence, its development, and the current situation in the Czech Republic. Further, I deal with an analysis of the victim and offender personalities and present a valid legislative framework. Last but not least, I present a list of selected organisations providing support for the persons at risk of domestic violence and principles of their work with such victims. In the empirical part I focus on an analysis of the methods of work and cooperation among selected supporting organisations and this based on interviews with their representatives. After reviewing all the obtained information, I present a proposal aimed at an improvement of the work with domestic violence victims. At the same time, I propose a task that is to be developed as a project by secondary school students within primary prevention; the project is aimed at familiarization of students with the correct and adequate procedures applied by workers from the organisations providing support for domestic violence victims.

Thesis deals with the Institute of banishment in the context of domestic violence. The introductory part of the work is devoted to a brief history of domestic violence and the definition of various concepts of domestic violence. There are also listed authorities dealing with help and solving cases of domestic violence. The work is focused on cases of domestic violence by the banish of violent persons from the common dwelling. Furthermore, the work described things that are directly related to the banish of violent persons from the common dwelling and domestic violence. The chief of work is focused on the exact and latest procedure and activities Police of the Czech Republic in the event of banish.