Job performance has historically been divided into two subsets, that which is prescribed and that which is discretionary. Further, discretionary workplace behavior has typically been described as either helpful or ethical (i.e. organizational citizenship behavior) or harmful and unethical (i.e. workplace deviance behavior) with behavior that is both helpful and unethical rarely discussed. I term this lesser discussed type of discretionary workplace behavior unethical prosocial behavior and define it as discretionary actions that are intended to benefit a specific referent outside the self, either an individual or a group, that are illegal and/or morally inappropriate to larger society. In addition to defining unethical prosocial behavior, this paper places the behavior in an organizing framework of discretionary workplace behaviors and tests several hypotheses regarding unethical prosocial behavior. The hypotheses address three primary research questions. First, are there contextual conditions that make it more likely that a person will engage in unethical prosocial behavior? Second, does the nature of the relationship between the actor and the beneficiary make unethical prosocial behavior more or less likely? And third, are there individual characteristics that serve to either constrain or enhance the likelihood that and individual will engage in unethical prosocial behavior? A 2 x 2 experimental design was used to test these hypotheses. As expected, in-group (vs. out-group) salience increased the likelihood of UPB. Individuals in the in-group condition engaged in significantly greater UPBs than those in the out-group condition. Contrary to expectations, shared reward (vs. no reward) decreased the likelihood of UPB. Individuals who were due a reward engaged less in UPBs than those who were not due a reward. Possible explanations for this relationship (both methodological and theoretical) are explored. While the overall effect of reward structure on UPB was in the opposite direction from that which was expected, propensity to morally disengage had the anticipated effect on the relationship between rewards and UPB. Those high in propensity to morally disengage were more likely to engage in UPB when a shared reward was offered (vs. no reward). Due to the nature of the task and the data collected, it was possible to operationalize UPB as a continuous measure as well as a dichotomous event (UPB/no UPB). This lead to a supplemental analysis that shed additional light on the nature of the relationship between group salience and UPB. The analysis shows that not only do subjects tend to over report the scores for fellow in-group members, but they also tend to underreport scores for out-group members. Fruitful areas for future work on the nascent UPB construct are discussed.

The present investigation examined the effects of three factors - feedback sign, performance discrepancy, and attributional discrepancy - on reactions to feedback as measured by three groups of dependent variables (reactions against the feedback itself, reactions against the feedback source, and reactions against the feedback system). Hypothesis 1 was supported in that feedback sign affected feedback reactions as predicted. Hypotheses 2 and 3 were not supported as feedback sign did not interact in the expected manner with performance discrepancy or attributional discrepancy. However, performance discrepancy and attributional discrepancy were identified as important determinants of feedback reactions as well. The results of this study are discussed with respect to control theory and implications for organizational settings. Suggestions are made regarding the direction of future research. / Ph. D.

Although practical guidelines in the field of early childhood education recommend a high level of involvement among teachers with children, empirical research on the effects of such involvement has been equivocal. This study assessed the contribution of teacher presence to the appropriate behavior of preschool children in a single area of the childcare setting, the dramatic play area. In addition, parent reports of child behavior problems were used to delineate two groups of children, with high and low scores on this measure. A normative analysis of differences across teacher involvement conditions indicated that children engaged in more social play when the teacher was absent. This was particularly true among those children with fewer behavior problems, and appears to have been due in part to a roughly proportional increase in interactions with an adult. Children's dramatic play also differed across these dimensions: the highest rate of this behavior occurred among low behavior-problem children when the teacher was absent, and the lowest rate was obtained among high behavior problem children when the teacher was present. Other useful indicators included age, gender, and socialization experience. In general, older children and those with more socialization experience engaged in more appropriate play, while boys exhibited more disruptive behaviors. / Master of Science

Through the research methods of questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews, this study aims to explore the identity construction process of Chinese youth in mobile games and its influencing factors. It has been found that players' identity construction is a complex, multidimensional, and dynamic process in which gaming experiences, social interactions, consumption behaviors, and emotional responses are key factors in construction of identity. Specifically, players construct and express their self-identity in mobile games through character selection, completion of in-game tasks, and in-game social interactions; online and offline social interactions enhance players' sense of belonging and recognition of their identity; players' consumption of virtual items improves players' status in the gaming community and their sense of self-recognition; and in-game emotional experiences have a significant impact on identity construction and recognition. In addition, gender stereotypes still exist in mobile games and have some degree of influence on players' identity construction in mobile games. Further, this study also focuses on analyzing the impact of the convergence of online and offline identities on Chinese youth's identity construction. This convergence promotes youth identity in both online and offline communities, reinforcing the influence of gaming culture in players' lives and blurring their self-presentation in different environments. However, while this convergence is an irreversible trend, there are specific types of games where players are avoiding it as much as possible because they want to establish distinct boundaries between online and offline identities for a better gaming experience and to try to explore more different identities in an anonymous environment. The contributions of this study are, first, to extend the application of identity construction and identity theory to online spaces and mobile games. Second, this study analyzes the behavioral patterns and characteristics of Chinese youth's identity construction in mobile games, demonstrating the new dynamics of youth identity construction in digital culture. Third, the results of the study provide theoretical support and relevance for understanding the behavior and psychology of contemporary Chinese youth in mobile games, and provide practical references for the fields of game design and policy making. In addition, this study has certain limitations, such as the small sample size and the primary reliance on qualitative data, which may lead to generalizability of the findings to be further verified, as well as the possibility of some degree of social desirability bias. Therefore, future research can be conducted to further validate and enrich the findings of this study by expanding the sample size, combining behavioral data and empirical research. It is worth to note that with the popularization of VR, AR and AI technologies, the boundaries of identity construction in offline and online spaces may be further blurred, and identity research will also be expected to usher in new theoretical challenges and opportunities, which provides a broad space for future research.

This study investigated the relationships among prepartum parenting support groups, social support, marital support, and maternal perceptions of infants. The subjects were 20 prospective first-time parents; nine of the 20 women attended the workshops with their husbands. Subjects completed measures of social support number and satisfaction (SSQ-S and SSQ-N), marital support (MAT), and perceptions of infants (NPI) at three times: prepartum, at one week postpartum, and at 8 weeks postpartum. Social support number and satisfaction, and marital support, were stable and highly correlated with each other at all three times. None of the support variables predicted perceptions of infants. Postpartum perceptions of infants were significantly more positive than prepartum perceptions, most likely due to increased experience with infants. Women with low levels of marital support were significantly more likely to experience Cesarean section birth. The design of this study was modest, utilizing no control group. Results are discussed in light of this limitation. / Ph. D. / incomplete_metadata

Online gaming has over the years become very popular and during the global pandemic of 2019, gained an even larger amount of people indulging in the activity. All this online activity has led to a decline in in-person social interactions which have been researched to have negative effects on young adults. This thesis aims to find ways to promote more in-person social interaction with the help of games. An artifact in the form of a video game was created with active video game principles and pervasive game characteristics in mind, with the goal of achieving social interaction between players and spectators. Nintendo Joy-Con controllers are the main controller used and an external microphone to capture sounds is used to fulfill the prerequisites of pervasive games. A collection of five different minigames was created, all with different ways that noise can affect the gameplay. The results of the experiments showed that the artifact promotes in-person social interactions between players and spectators by making the spectators able to interact with the games.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the W%, F%, H, P, and Experience Balance on the Rorschach were related to sociometric status in the second grade.

This study explores employees' desire to embrace both a legacy operating system and a new workflow engine utilized in the workplace. The goal is to better understand the partnership and relationship the users build with the technologies and how that impacts usage behavior. The research is centered on a mixed-method case study using survey and episodic interview techniques of data collection. Models and methodologies providing the foundation for this study include Venkatesh and Davis's technology acceptance model 2 (TAM 2) and Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, and Davis' unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, coupled loosely with concepts from Brooks and Atkinson's StructurANTion Theory. A new, adapted model is created to capture and understand the anthropomorphic characteristics users apply to the technology. This study yields important information for the future theoretical frameworks as elements such as trust and control, and descriptive variables like age and tenure have not factored into existing theoretical frameworks and models. Users can often anthropomorphize technology, viewing it as part of the social team to help improve their work. Through this lens, users expect information systems to be controllable and trustworthy to respond to their needs both alone and within the function of the team.

Ng Tsz King. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2000-2001, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Chapter 1.0 --- SYNOPSIS / Chapter 2.0 --- PROGRAMME SCENARIO - RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT / Chapter 2.1 --- Urban Regeneration and Hong Kong / Chapter 2.2 --- Interpretation of Upgrade-Downgrade Dilemma / Chapter 2.3 --- Social Network in the Context of Urban Regeneration / Chapter 2.4 --- Problem Definition / Chapter 2.5 --- Case Studies / Chapter 2.5.1 --- "Gentrification in Society Hill, Philadelphia, U.S." / Chapter 2.5.2 --- "Diversity and Regeneration: Amsterdam, the Netherlands." / Chapter 2.5.3 --- "Transitional Regeneration: Central Escalator, Central, Hong Kong." / Chapter 3.0 --- PROGRAMMING / Chapter 3.1 --- The Concept / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Reinterpretation of Communal Facilities / Chapter 3.1.2 --- The Concept of Community Fitness Centre / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Scenario and Justification / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Project Objectives / Chapter 3.2 --- Location Selection / Chapter 3.3 --- Site Analysis / Chapter 3.4 --- Programme Proposal / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Programme Goals and Objectives / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Performance Requirements / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Schedule of Accommodation and Space Description / Chapter 4.0 --- THE ARCHITECTURE / Chapter 4.1 --- Concept and Schematic Design / Chapter 4.2 --- Design Integration / Chapter 4.3 --- Special Detail Study - Park and Terrace / Chapter 4.4 --- Final Presentation / Chapter 5.0 --- APPENDICES / Chapter I. --- Interview Notes / Chapter II. --- Review Notes / Chapter III. --- Bibliography

Poon Pong Fai Wesley. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2000-2001, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 53). / a story point of Departure --- p.1 / side A --- p.2 / side B --- p.3 / phenomenon / glass architecture --- p.4 / discovering / passive contact --- p.5 / man-fish relationship --- p.6 / psychological aspect --- p.7 / social aspect --- p.8-9 / inward & outward quality --- p.10-11 / about the people... --- p.12 / self-reinforcing & self-congestion --- p.13 / public vs. private --- p.14 / history of open space --- p.15-16 / from the definition... --- p.17 / observation / shopping mall --- p.18 / "mongkok football ""park""" --- p.19 / from the observation / identifying characters --- p.20 / precedent / De meerpall Hall --- p.21 / Park and Sports Complex --- p.22 / D+S --- p.23 / target --- p.24 / site investigation / happy valley --- p.25-27 / pedestrian flyover in Shau Kei Wan --- p.28-29 / "Macpherson Stadium, Mongkok" --- p.30-33 / design concept --- p.34-36 / program --- p.37-38 / design development / sketches --- p.39 / preliminary schemes --- p.40-41 / study models --- p.42-43 / final design / design strategy --- p.44 / final scheme --- p.45-49 / interior views --- p.50 / final model --- p.51-52 / bibliography --- p.53