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This study holds that recurring political crises prior to Colombian elections broadly shape electoral strategies. Through reviewing the history of Colombia, political crises emerge as a salient characteristic that precedes most elections and affects electoral strategies. To measure the impact of political crisis on electoral strategies, two Colombian presidential campaigns were analyzed: that of César Gaviria in 1990 and of Ernesto Samper in 1994. The examination of descriptive data, from both case studies and interviews with key political consultants, were used to identify how political crises have resulted in the modifications of the campaigns. The findings showed that the electoral strategies for the two cases were adapted or modified due to the extreme conditions resulting from crises, such as the assassination of three presidential candidates before the 1990 election. The study concludes that crises led to the modification of electoral strategies in three specific areas: preparation of the campaigns, organization of the strategies, and in campaign themes and advertising images.

The purpose of this study was to compare the political, economic and social problematic of Mexico in the early 1900s and the 1990s, using political caricatures as primary sources of information. To fully understand the Porfiriato regime during the early 1900s, images from the Mexican newspapers El Diablito Rojo, El Hijo del Ahuizote and El Paladin were selected and analyzed, while Carlos Salinas’ government of the early 1990s was studied through the caricatures found in La Jornada. The political caricatures demonstrated that similar conflicts existed during the early 1900s and the 1990s, such as the abuse of an authoritarian government, corrupt elections, an evident polarization between a small elite and the masses, the exploitation of the agricultural sectors, and a strive for the modernization of the country.