No description available.

published_or_final_version / Fine Arts / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

by Wong Tai Choi Richard. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-175). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / List of tables --- p.v / List of figures --- p.viii / Table of contents --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction for the whole thesis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Termites --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Termites are eusocial insects --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Families of termites --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Classification of sample termites: Reticulitermes fukienensis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Distribution of Reticulitermes --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Nest of Reticulitermes --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Economic importance of Reticulitermes --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Definition of temporal polyethism --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- The general significance of poly ethism --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Developmental differences between isopteran and other social hymenopterans --- p.9 / Chapter 1.6 --- Polyethism of termites and social hymenopterans --- p.11 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Caste-based polyethism --- p.11 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Sex-based poly ethism --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Age-based or temporal polyethism --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Conclusion on the polyethism of termites and eusocial hymenopterans --- p.29 / Chapter 1.7 --- Purpose of study --- p.33 / Chapter 1.8 --- Reason for the choice of sample species --- p.35 / Chapter 1.9 --- General methodology --- p.36 / Chapter 1.9.1 --- Identification of Reticulitermes fukienensis --- p.36 / Chapter 1.9.2 --- Sample collection --- p.38 / Chapter 1.9.3 --- "Storage, preservation and farther confirmation of sample in laboratory" --- p.40 / Chapter 1.9.4 --- Methods for the removal of termites from nests --- p.42 / Chapter 1.9.5 --- Experimental conditions --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Separation of age classes and temporal polyethism in feeding behavior of age classes --- p.44 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2 --- Separation of age classes --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Review of separation of age classes --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Head width measurements --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Morphological study --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Results --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Biometrics measurements --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Morphological study --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Discussion and conclusion --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3 --- Temporal polyethism in feeding behavior of age classes --- p.58 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Definition of larva and worker --- p.58 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.59 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Experimental set-up --- p.59 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Observation methods --- p.60 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Results --- p.60 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Discussion and conclusion --- p.63 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Ethograms of the age classes --- p.66 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2 --- Definition of behaviors --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Preparation of embelling materials --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Experiemntal set-up --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Combination of termites inset-up --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Observation and scoring methods --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Data analysis --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Correlation between the frequencies of various behaviors and age of different age classes --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Repertoire size --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Task-related behavior --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Number of behavioral categories and % of time budget spent on various behavior categories within age --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Patterns of behavioral frequencies --- p.82 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.88 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Discrete and continuous temporal polyethism --- p.88 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Inactivity of larvae --- p.90 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Starting point for the task related behaviors --- p.90 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Relationship between morphological characters and behaviors --- p.91 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Task performance amongst worker age classes --- p.91 / Chapter 3.5.6 --- Mouth-body touching and mouth tunnel touching behaviors --- p.92 / Chapter 3.5.7 --- Division of task related behaviors --- p.93 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Temporal polyethism in trophallaxis and larval carrying and foraging behaviors of worker age classes --- p.95 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.95 / Chapter 4.2 --- Trophallaxis of eusocial insects --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3 --- Social carrying behavior of eusocial insects --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4 --- Foraging behaviors of eusocial insects --- p.99 / Chapter 4.5 --- Materials and methods --- p.100 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Trophallaxis and socialcarrying behaviors experiment --- p.100 / Chapter 4.5.1.1 --- Definition of behaviors --- p.100 / Chapter 4.5.1.2 --- Experimental set-up --- p.100 / Chapter 4.5.1.3 --- Observation methods --- p.102 / Chapter 4.5.1.4 --- Data analysis --- p.102 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Foraging behaviors experiment --- p.103 / Chapter 4.5.2.1 --- Experimental set-up --- p.103 / Chapter 4.5.2.2 --- Observation methods --- p.105 / Chapter 4.5.2.3 --- Definition of behaviors --- p.105 / Chapter 4.5.2.4 --- Data analysis --- p.106 / Chapter 4.6 --- Results --- p.107 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Trophallaxis and larval carrying behaviors --- p.107 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Foraging behaviors --- p.109 / Chapter 4.7 --- Discussion --- p.112 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Temporal polyethism of various behaviors among sub-age classes of large worker --- p.117 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.117 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.119 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Combination of individuals for experiment --- p.119 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Labeling of individuals for identification --- p.119 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Experimental set-up --- p.121 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- 400observation cycles score --- p.124 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Acceptance criteria of behavior data --- p.125 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Definition of behaviors and biometric parameters --- p.125 / Chapter 5.2.7 --- Principal component analysis (PCA) for sub-age classes separation --- p.129 / Chapter 5.2.8 --- Discriminant analysis for sub-age classes classification --- p.129 / Chapter 5.3 --- Statiscal analysis of behaviors --- p.130 / Chapter 5.4 --- Results --- p.130 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Sub-age classes separation --- p.130 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Temporal polyethism of the sub-age classes --- p.137 / Chapter 5.5 --- Discussion --- p.146 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Discussion and conclusion --- p.151 / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of chapters 1 -5 --- p.151 / Chapter 6.2 --- General discussion --- p.154 / Chapter 6.4 --- Conclusion --- p.157 / References --- p.159

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

This study lays bare the inconsistencies in the United States of America’s Foreign Policy, and how it contributed to the longevity of apartheid in South Africa. Michael Mandelbaum opined that America’s foreign policy post-Cold War era drifted from containment to transformation.1 America became involved with transferring their democracy and constitutional order to the countries they entangled with in running those countries’ internal governance. Instead of war, America preached and practiced proper, organized governance. Thus, America’s foreign policy to Europe and Asia post-Cold War was all about democracy and protection of fundamental human rights. However, the role of America’s Foreign Policy in Africa took a turn in Africa, with Congo in 1960, Ghana in 1966 and Nigeria with their successive military regimes. This study intends to make sense of it all.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.