Acompanha: Caderno pedagógico: o ensino de medidas de áreas com o enfoque CTS / Este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo principal verificar as contribuições do enfoque CTS, por meio da Educação Matemática Crítica, para a aprendizagem de medidas de áreas. As atividades desenvolvidas, acerca do conteúdo específico de medidas de áreas, seguiram os pressupostos do enfoque CTS – na modalidade de enxerto, utilizando os recursos midiáticos gratuitos disponibilizados nos sites de universidades e órgãos públicos. A aplicação da pesquisa aconteceu sob a forma de oficinas em uma Universidade da Cidade de Cascavel no Estado do Paraná, em uma turma do 2º ano do curso de Licenciatura Plena em Matemática. Os dados coletados durante e após a aplicação da pesquisa foram analisados de forma qualitativa e interpretativa, uma vez que a pesquisa foi aplicada. Os resultados mostraram um envolvimento interessante dos alunos, desenvolvendo diferentes posturas frente ao aprendizado. Tais posturas referem-se, entre outras, principalmente, ao diálogo entre os participantes ao discutirem situações presentes no cotidiano, as quais nem sempre são percebidas; outro fator importante foi o ato de construir materiais com a possibilidade de fazer associações e comparações. Além disso, também como fruto do trabalho, todas as atividades foram dispostas sob a forma de um produto educacional, visando auxiliar futuros trabalhos e, também, aquele professor interessado em aplicá-lo em suas aulas. / The main goal of this research was to check the contributions of the CTS approach, by means of critical mathematics education to the area measures teaching. The activities developed about the specific content of area measures followed the assumptions of the STS approach – in the grafting modality, using free media resources available in sites of universities and public organ. The application of the research happened as workshops in a certain university in Cascavel, Paraná state, with a group of students in the second grade of an undergraduate Math degree. The collected data during and after the application of the research were analyzed in a quantitative and qualitative form, once the research was applied. The results showed an interesting involvement of the students, developing different points of view towards the learning ability. Such points of view refer, among others, mainly to the dialogue among the participants by the time they discuss the current everyday situations, which not always can be realized; another important factor was the act of creating materials with the possibility to make associations and comparisons. Besides, also as a result of the work, all of the activities were presented as an educational product, whose aim are future works and the teacher who is interested in apply it in his classes.

Acompanha: Caderno pedagógico: o ensino de medidas de áreas com o enfoque CTS / Este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo principal verificar as contribuições do enfoque CTS, por meio da Educação Matemática Crítica, para a aprendizagem de medidas de áreas. As atividades desenvolvidas, acerca do conteúdo específico de medidas de áreas, seguiram os pressupostos do enfoque CTS – na modalidade de enxerto, utilizando os recursos midiáticos gratuitos disponibilizados nos sites de universidades e órgãos públicos. A aplicação da pesquisa aconteceu sob a forma de oficinas em uma Universidade da Cidade de Cascavel no Estado do Paraná, em uma turma do 2º ano do curso de Licenciatura Plena em Matemática. Os dados coletados durante e após a aplicação da pesquisa foram analisados de forma qualitativa e interpretativa, uma vez que a pesquisa foi aplicada. Os resultados mostraram um envolvimento interessante dos alunos, desenvolvendo diferentes posturas frente ao aprendizado. Tais posturas referem-se, entre outras, principalmente, ao diálogo entre os participantes ao discutirem situações presentes no cotidiano, as quais nem sempre são percebidas; outro fator importante foi o ato de construir materiais com a possibilidade de fazer associações e comparações. Além disso, também como fruto do trabalho, todas as atividades foram dispostas sob a forma de um produto educacional, visando auxiliar futuros trabalhos e, também, aquele professor interessado em aplicá-lo em suas aulas. / The main goal of this research was to check the contributions of the CTS approach, by means of critical mathematics education to the area measures teaching. The activities developed about the specific content of area measures followed the assumptions of the STS approach – in the grafting modality, using free media resources available in sites of universities and public organ. The application of the research happened as workshops in a certain university in Cascavel, Paraná state, with a group of students in the second grade of an undergraduate Math degree. The collected data during and after the application of the research were analyzed in a quantitative and qualitative form, once the research was applied. The results showed an interesting involvement of the students, developing different points of view towards the learning ability. Such points of view refer, among others, mainly to the dialogue among the participants by the time they discuss the current everyday situations, which not always can be realized; another important factor was the act of creating materials with the possibility to make associations and comparisons. Besides, also as a result of the work, all of the activities were presented as an educational product, whose aim are future works and the teacher who is interested in apply it in his classes.

This dissertation looks at the political behavior of three Taiwanese Buddhist organizations since 1989: the Buddhist Association of the Republic of China (BAROC), the Buddha Light Mountain monastic order (or Foguangshan) and the Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Association (or Ciji). It concentrates on trying to understand the rationale behind the different strategies that each of them has adopted in its interaction with the government. The BAROC has adopted a strategy of lobbying in an attempt to remedy the steady decline of its status throughout the 1990s: it has tried to sway the government to adopt a law that would restore the authority over Buddhists the association held before 1989. Foguangshan has resorted to a strategy of remonstrance to advance its religious ideals between 1995 and 1997: its founder Xingyun supported the bid of his lay disciple Chen Lii'an for the presidency of the Republic of China (ROC) and launched large public demonstrations critical of the government that followed that election. During the same period of time, Ciji has steered away from the controversies over the law on religion and conspicuously avoided supporting Chen, while continuing to grow to become the largest organization of its kind in Taiwan. The theological views of the three organizations' leaders are examined as key factors explaining the rationale behind the political strategies these organizations have adopted. Other factors such as availability of material resources, lay support, congruence between leaders and their followers on the dimension of ethnicity and gender are explored as possible sources of constraints on the leaders. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

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Vocational Education, as a vital part of the secondary school curriculum, has relied upon student organizations as one activity that helps bolster and provide meaningful, practical, real life experiences within the classroom and the work place to secondary students. It was the intent of this study to investigate which personal and academic variables most accurately explained the nature and magnitude of participation in such vocational student organizations (VSOs). Furthermore, the study explained the effects, both direct and indirect, of the independent variables as implied by a causal model on subsequent participation in vsos during the senior year of high school. Independent variables investigated in the study were identified through a review of the literature and were as follows: ability scores, grade point average, hours worked per week for pay, sex, self-concept, race, socioeconomic status and sophomore (base) year participation. The study was an ex post facto research design and utilized the 1980 sophomore cohort in the national longitudinal study referred to as High School and Beyond. The analysis for this study utilized correlation, multiple linear regression and path analysis in determining the effects as implied by the causal model. Findings indicated that: (a) base year VSO participation was the only variable that provided a substantial effect on senior year VSO participation, (b) base year participation was also found to be the variable which best explains the nature and magnitude of the respondents participation in VSOs and (c) the variables of self-concept, sex, race, socioeconomic status, and base year participation indirectly affected senior year participation when mediated by ability scores, hours worked per week and grade point average. / Ed. D.

Why people join voluntary associations has been of interest to Americans since the publication of Alexis de Tocqueville's observations on the importance of such associations in American society. The search for explanations for joining behavior was first motivated by a desire to know and understand this active American phenomenon. In more recent years, the motive has become more pragmatic; associations are interested in understanding the phenomenon to control membership enrollments. This study is an extension of the work which has evolved from this more recent interest. A theory of affiliation with professional associations was developed and tested with state and regional samples of elementary principles. Discriminant analysis was applied to determine the effectiveness of the variables as a group and individually in distinguishing members from nonmembers. The best predictors, in order, at the state level were benefits of membership, the principal's attitude toward associations, membership at the national level, and the principal's social needs. The best predictors, in order, at the national level were benefits of membership, superior's attitude toward associations, membership at the state level, and the principal's attitude toward associations. / Ed. D.

Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 1992. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Culture is and always will be of paramount importance to man. If the culture base is threatened, serious conflict and other problems will ensue. Even though there has been talk about a so-called internationalism that denotes a world devoid of different cultures, reality has caught up with the much advocated "melting pot" theory. Depriving groups of their cultural rights, or simply overlooking these rights, can result in a dangerous "boiling pot". Each culture group has a need for its own identity. Because only a small portion of the world population live in culturally homogenious states the potential for conflict is great between different groups that want to uphold and develop their own cultures. This is especially true where minority and majority groups exist within the same national boundaries. For any minority group wishing to preserve and develop its culture a logical solution would be to organize people in cultural organizations to maximize their effectiveness in attaining their goals. In this study, the task and activities of the cultural organization are examined, especially in respect of preserving, maintaining, and developing the culture of a specific group, in particular within minority cultures. Firstly, minorities as a group are discussed, with special reference to their particular needs, conflicts and threats and the conditions for survival.Subsequently, culture as a humanphenomenonis examined. In chapter 3 the cultural organization as a distinct organization, with its own characteristics, problems and success factors, is discussed. Chapter 4 examines cultural organizations and analyzes different ones, especially those of minority groups. Chapter 5 discusses Afrikaans cultural organizations along broad lines, emphasizing their chronological development, problems, inadequacies and challenges. The ATKV, as a minority cultural organization, and its activities are extensively discussed in the followingchapter. In conclusion, the study deals with the requirements and challenges for the successful task fulfilment of cultural organizations in order to understand, plan and evaluate their important task, especially within minority cultures. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kultuur is en bly vir die mens van wesentlike belang. Wanneer die kulturele basis bedreig of aangeraak word, vind ernstige teenreaksie plaas met gepaardgaande konflik en probleme. Alhoewel daar dikwels al gepraat is van internasionalisme in die sin van wegdoening met kulturele en volksbande, is hierdie siening as verkeerd bewys, want elke kultuurgroep het 'n besondere behoefte aan 'n eie kulturele identiteit. Aangesien slegs In klein gedeelte van die wereldbevolking in homogene state leef, is die potensiaal vir konflik tussen verskillende kultuurgroepe, wat elkeen streef na die behoud en uitbouing van die eie, groote Die voorkoms van minderhede, wat toenemend bewus raak van hul eie identiteit, is In feit en vera! waar minderheidsgroepe saam met meerderheidsgroepe voorkom, verhoog die konflikpotensiaal. Vir enige minderheidsgroep Ie 'n logiese oplossing vir die behoud en uitbouing van eie kulturele regte in die organisering van mense in kultuurorganisasies om In kollektiewe en meer effektiewe bedingingsmag te verkry. In hierdie studie word die taak en werksaamhede van kultuurorganisasies ten opsigte van van 'n spesifieke groep minderheidskultuurgroepe. die bewaring, handhawing en uitbouing se kultuur ondersoek, veral binne Eerstens word gekyk na die samestelling van minderheidsgroepe met hul eiesoortige behoeftes, konflikte en bedreigings, asook voorvereistes vir hul voortbestaan. Daarna word kultuur as menslike verskynsel bespreek. Hoofstuk 3 word gewy aan die kultuurorganisasie as In eiesoortige organisasie met sy eie kenmerke, probleme en suksesfaktore. Die kultuurorganisasie in praktyk, vera! binne minderheidsgroepe, kom in hoofstuk 4 aan die bod en word daar ontledend gekyk na verskillende kultuurorganisasies. In hoofstuk 5 word Afrikaanse kultuurorganisasies breedweg bespreek en word vera! gekyk na die organisasies se kronologiese ontwikkeling, asook probleme, leemtes en uitdagings. Daarna word die ATKV as In minderheidskultuurorganisasie, met sy werksaamhede in die praktyk indringend bespreek. Ten slotte word die vereistes en uitdagings op die pad van kultuurorganisasies vir suksesvolle en effektiewe taakvervulling bespreek om sodoende die belangrike taak van die kultuurorganisasie, vera! binne minderheidskultuurgroepe, te verstaan, te beplan en te beoordeel.