Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Dora Vianna Vasconcellos.pdf: 614663 bytes, checksum: 92382f33c3d02192e15d7dfbf01d60ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-08 / This work resumes the basic concepts of renowned essayists of the 1930 generation such as Gilberto Freyre, S?rgio Buarque de Holanda, Oliveira Vianna, Caio Prado J?nior, as well as some other works written during the institutionalization period of social sciences in Brazil, such as those by Maria Isaura Pereira de Queiroz. We also analised works written by Alberto Passos Guimar?es e Jos? de Souza Martins. The aim of this work is to show how each one of these authors see the needy rural man in our country, as well as how this man was conceived by brasilian imaginarium and literature, mainly portrayed by Jeca Tatu, a character created by Monteiro Lobato. To achieve this last intend we referred to N?sia Trindade, Alu?zio Alves Filho e Cassiano Nunes. According to the above mentioned authors, our hypothesis is that divided into two opposite economic and sociocultural regions one urban, other rural Brasil has a rural ethos. Jeca Tatu, symbol of the national identity, suggests that our country contemplates itself as essentially rural and the agregado is its social substract. / Neste trabalho, lan?amos m?o de renomados ensaistas da gera??o de 1930, a exemplo de Gilberto Freyre, S?rgio Buarque de Holanda, Oliveira Vianna, Caio Prado J?nior e outros textos produzidos na ?poca da institucionaliza??o das ci?ncias sociais no Brasil, como os de Maria Isaura Pereira de Queiroz. Os textos de Alberto Passos Guimar?es e Jos? de Souza Martins tamb?m foram analisados. O objetivo foi mostrar a vis?o de cada um deles sobre o homem pobre do campo no nosso pa?s. Tentamos indicar tamb?m como ele foi expresso no imagin?rio social brasileiro e na literatura, por meio do personagem Jeca Tatu, de Monteiro Lobato. Para tanto, nos valemos de autores como N?sia Trindade, Alu?zio Alves Filho e Cassiano Nunes. Defendemos a hip?tese de que o Brasil, acentuadamente dividido entre duas regi?es econ?micas e socioculturais distintas uma urbana e outra rural possui, segundo a literatura indicada, um ethos rural. O Jeca Tatu, s?mbolo da identidade nacional, sugere que o Brasil formula uma imagem ruralizante de si mesmo e que tem o agregado como o seu substrato social.

Building upon the ideas of decoupling and convergence, this thesis explores the structure of place-based community experience and levels of well-being for rural residents in southern Alberta. The research objectives are to: 1) measure and identify the experiential character of rural communities within the Behavioral, Cognitive and Affective Domains of community social life, and to understand the structure and complexity of this experience; 2) assess the aggregate differences in the intensity of these experiential structures by degree of rurality as represented by Metropolitan Influenced Zones (MIZs); and 3) model the extent to which these dimensions may account for differences in well-being. Sixteen unique dimensions of variation in rural community experience are identified – partially supporting convergence – and almost no differences are found in the intensity of these dimensions by degree of rurality (MIZs). The findings show a subset of experiential dimensions to be significant predictors of well-being in rural people. / x, 164 leaves ; 29 cm.

Orientador: Marko Synésio Alves Monteiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T02:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_LuccaVichr_M.pdf: 1658388 bytes, checksum: 82f02c1d5db6f29f00acd776b4dd259b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O que convencionou-se chamar de inclusão digital constitui, em verdade, um emaranhado de conceituações que convergem ao suposto de que, ao proporcionar o acesso à informação, estas tecnologias podem trazer uma melhora real na qualidade de vida das pessoas que as utilizam. É possível que o acesso a um computador (e à internet) possibilite esta melhora, mas os condicionantes para que isto ocorra envolvem desde a qualidade do equipamento técnico utilizado à destreza com que o usuário interage com a máquina. De acordo com o Comitê Gestor da Internet (CGI), moradores de áreas rurais, de baixas renda e escolaridade representam, em linhas gerais, o caso mais extremo de exclusão digital. Neste estudo, partirei da Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) e de seu ferramental etnográfico, para evidenciar alguns destes condicionantes a partir da experiência em uma área rural no interior de São Paulo. Para isto, ministrei dez aulas sobre conteúdos básicos de informática a alunos do ensino médio de uma escola pública rural. Busquei deste modo, compreender como ocorre o acesso destas populações em áreas rurais, como se utilizam destas tecnologias e quais os condicionantes que caracterizam a inclusão digital nestas localidades. Apesar de, a princípio, a combinação entre a baixa renda per capita e a localização geográfica rural serem fortemente correlacionados à exclusão digital, os indivíduos com os quais tive contato mostraram-se criativos para driblar a ausência de acesso à internet. Com base nos estudos de Mol (2002), as conclusões deste trabalho sugerem que diversos atores ¿ sejam governos, empresas, ONGs e mesmo tecnologias ¿ performam, cada um a seu modo, uma multiplicidade de inclusões digitais. De forma análoga, cada indivíduos performa de forma única suas relações com artefatos digitais / Abstract: What is conventionally called digital inclusion consists, in fact, in a variety of concepts that converge to the pressupost that access to these technologies can bring a real improvement in quality of life of those who use it. It¿s arguable that access to a computer (and internet) allows this improvement; nevertheless the conditioners for that to occur include issues from the quality of the technical equipment utilized till the user¿s skill when interacting with that machine. According to CGI (Comitê Gestor da Internet), dwellers from countryside areas, low income and level of education represent, in general, the most extreme case of digital exclusion. This study utilizes the Actor-Network Teory (ANT) and it¿s ethnography¿s tools to evidence some of these conditioners trough my experience in a rural area located in the countryside of Sao Paulo. To reach this purpose, I ministered ten classes about basic subjects of computers and data processing to high school students in a public rural school. The goal was to comprehend how these populations access digital networks in rural areas, how they utilize these technologies and which are the conditioners that characterize digital inclusion in this area. Besides that the combination of low per capita income and geo-localization of these areas comes to be strongly related to digital exclusion, individuals with who I¿ve had contact showed to be very creative to dribble the absence of internet access.Based on Mol (2002), the findings of this study suggest that many actors - whether governments, companies, NGOs and even technologies ¿ enact, each in its own way, a multitude of digital inclusions. Similarly, each individual enact uniquely its relations with digital artifacts / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

This dissertation explores the real world problem of rural youth out-migration and finds that the central problem is one of persistent class difference in this rural Oregon town. The research that informs this dissertation was conducted in a rural community of approximately 2300 residents in Eastern Oregon, here called Talltown. Data was collected through participant observation, photovoice (n = 8) and semi- structured interview (n = 63) among adolescents, emerging adults, and adults, specifically those working with local youth. The dissertation explores the ways in which Talltown youth encounter, internalize, and strategically enact dominant and counter norms of the local and larger fields. The primary finding of this dissertation is that as rural communities vie for position in the era of global neoliberalism, they discursively impose a similar competitive logic upon their youth, which reinforces the myth of meritocracy yet supports persistent class difference. Using the themes of "going somewhere" and "getting stuck," this dissertation aims to make visible, and thus challenge the hierarchical system with which class and other forms of socially constructed difference persist. / Graduation date: 2012

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Sussex, 1970. / Title from screen page; viewed 17 Oct. 2005. "Department of Ethnography and Social Anthropology, University of Aarhus, Summer 2002" Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print format.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Sustainable Insect Management))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted

The purpose of this study was to investigate coping strategies employed by low-income households of Sweetwaters KwaZulu-Natal, who have members who are infected with HIV in ensuring food security when dealing with HIV/AIDS. This study was based on households who have members living openly with HIV/AIDS and who were members of a support group of HIV positive people. This study was conducted between July 2003 and June 2004. Focus group meetings were conducted with a support group of 26 members (Philani Support Group). Questionnaires, group discussions and observations were used to collect data from households. In order for the study to investigate coping strategies, the following sub-problems were investigated to measure changes before and after illness or death in household: changes in finances, changes in food habits, social aspect of studied household which included infrastructure (housing, roads, water, sanitation and energy); external and internal support. There were no major differences in coping strategies, but the structure, resources and size of households informed their coping strategies. Food was the centre of all activities of households. As the ability of the household to produce food or earn income decreased, the need for food increased. Government social grants have been shown to be the main resource for coping (they enabled households to cope or survive). It is recommended that low-income households affected by HIV/AIDS and totally dependent on grants should be helped not to develop a dependency syndrome by implementing strategies that will encourage active participation and deal with passiveness that exists within low-income households of Sweetwaters affected by HIV/AIDS. As this study indicates that there are no resources on which concerned households depend, it suggests a greater need for capital to boost the household and strategies for households to be able to sustain themselves. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.

L’agriculture est un secteur d’activité privilégié pour notre objet qui est l’étude de la dynamique sociotechnique et du travail. Nous montrons dans cette étude comment des éleveurs transformés de plus en plus en agro-pasteurs, à la suite de la sécheresse et la surcharge des hommes et du cheptel sur les ressources naturelles des parcours collectifs, sont amenés à changer progressivement leurs systèmes de production et partant leurs rapports sociaux.<p><p>Au-delà d’une vision figée et homogénéisante de la paysannerie véhiculée par certains modèles sociologiques et par la vulgarisation agricole au Maroc, nous mettons l’accent sur l’hétérogénéité de la paysannerie et les aspects dynamiques de l’activité agricole et de ses acteurs.<p><p>Bien que les éleveurs/agriculteurs évoluent dans un environnement physique et économique souvent défavorable à leurs activités, ils manifestent de différentes stratégies pour améliorer leurs conditions de vie ou renforcer leurs acquis. <p><p>A partir d’une étude sur le terrain rurale de la Commune de Ben Smim, au Moyen Atlas berbère marocain et ayant mobilisé différents instruments de recueil d’informations, nous avons relevé que l’activité agricole n’est pas simplement une activité de production mais aussi de repositionnement des acteurs dans le système social. L’ethnique, le social et le politique se mêlent dans l’orientation des rapports de production. C’est pourquoi il est difficile d’isoler une pratique agricole des autres pratiques qui lui sont intimement liées et qui peuvent concerner d’autres domaines de vie des agriculteurs.<p><p>Avec la crise du nomadisme, les éleveurs/agriculteurs se fixent dans les douars ou les villages et élargissent ainsi leurs réseaux sociaux et professionnels. Ils deviennent ainsi de plus en plus perméables aux innovations techniques et organisationnelles et améliorent la performance de leurs troupeaux, introduisent de nouvelles cultures de marché et diversifient leurs stratégies de vente. Les minorités du point de vue ethnique et économique, d’intégration dans le système social local, les notables sont à même d’apporter de nouvelles variantes à leurs systèmes de production.<p><p>En fin de compte, chacun, en fonction de sa situation et de son projet, participe à la dynamique socio-technique locale. <p> / Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sciences du travail / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL ANTHROPOLOGY BY MGR. BC. DZMITRY BADZEVICH THE PEASANTS OF THE POLESIE DURING THE ABOLITION OF SERFDOM The Reaction of the Peasantry To The Abolition Of Serfdom In Pinsk District Of Minsk Province of Russian Empire, 1861-1864 Dissertation abstract Prague 2017 2 ABSTRACT From the exact wording of the thesis title was this study engaged in a broader sociological and cultural anthropological discussion about the meanings and implications of the historical event as was the abolition of serfdom in the Russian empire in 1861 on the everyday life of its contemporary actors. For well-devoted reader (in the different methodologies of the history and European national historiographies), it would seem that the topic of the abolition of serfdom in the Russian empire and its impact on society and social and cultural sphere is largely explored. But at the moment, when the critically analyzing readers begin to think closely about how the understanding of serfdom abolition has worked during the last hundred year, it might be quite obvious for them, that no one of dozen university intellectuals and amateurs has tried to go to the heart of the historical event; many intellectuals only got all mixing up on the field of quasi-scientific abstractive terms...

The study was an exploration of how internal savings and lending (ISAL) influenced the way in which persons affected by HIV and AIDS earned and spent income. The researcher engaged with the life stories of participants belonging to HIV and AIDS support groups that practised ISAL in rural Bikita district in Zimbabwe. The negative changes brought about by HIV and AIDS were found to influence the way participants generated and spent their income. The initial illness of family members reduced the participation in productive activities of the ill and family members providing care. Compounding effects included reduced attention to and increasing abandonment of productive activities, reduction in the scale of production, the use of inappropriate inputs, forced disposal of assets, increased household debts, reliance on social networks, and dependence on begging and piecework for income. The low productivity from activities meant that households generated less produce and income. This triggered changes in the prioritisation of spending, with healthcare and associated transportation needs superseding all, followed by spending on food. Expenses that were not prioritised during the period of illness included the purchase of improved agricultural inputs, spending on education and clothing and, in some cases, food purchases. In the findings, ISAL is associated with restoring past and starting up new productive and income-generating activities. Regular access to loans allowed storytellers to invest in activities that improved the levels and frequency of income that they earned. Loans were used to directly cover daily family needs, reducing reliance on risky coping mechanisms. Lump sum payments and bulk grocery purchases helped storytellers to invest and manage their cashflow. Overall, households that practised ISAL improved and increased their incomes and ability to spend on healthcare and satisfy other daily needs to levels similar to and better than those experienced before they had to cope with the effects of HIV and AIDS. Recommendations from the study include enabling persons testing HIV positive to access social protection, adapted agriculture technologies and financial education tailored to those affected by HIV and AIDS. Areas for potential further research include a quantitative and qualitative analysis of income and expenditure changes for persons affected by HIV and AIDS and the effects on children of dropping out and being re-enrolled at school. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology) (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV and AIDS)) / 1 online resource (ix, 153 pages)