Orientador: Carlos Alberto Rodrigues Anjos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T02:04:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares_BeatrizMariaCurtio_D.pdf: 4935391 bytes, checksum: 1fda7db59f6fdc54d9072cb0cff1fe61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Neste trabalho estudou-se a ação dos íons cloreto e de cobre no comportamento corrosivo de ligas de alumínio utilizadas na fabricação de latas de alumínio para bebidas. Foram avaliados seis tipos de refrigerantes (de cola, guaraná, de uva, de limão, de laranja e tônica) comumente comercializados em latas de alumínio, para determinação de pH, acidez, concentração de cloreto e de cobre e determinação do potencial de corrosão do alumínio frente a essas bebidas. Baseadas nessas informações, soluções simulantes de refrigerante foram definidas para emprego no estudo de corrosão. Através da obtenção de curvas de polarização, avaliou-se o efeito da concentração desses íons em solução acidificada com ácido cítrico (pH 3,0) no comportamento corrosivo das ligas de alumínio AA3104-H19 e AA5182-H19. Os resultados demonstraram que a presença concomitante de íons cloreto e de cobre em solução potencializa a corrosão da liga AA3104-H19, usada no corpo de latas de alumínio. Por fim, o estudo de estabilidade foi conduzido com solução ácida contendo apenas íons cloreto (250 mg.kg-1), apenas íons cobre (25 ?g.kg-1) e a mistura desses dois íons (250 mg.kg-1 + 25 ?g.kg-1). Duas alturas de enchimento também foram definidas para avaliar a influência do espaço-livre da lata no processo de corrosão. Durante a estocagem realizada a 35 °C por 180 dias confirmou-se o potencial de agressão da solução contendo a mistura dos íons cloreto e de cobre, com a ocorrência de perfuração da lata após 12 dias de estocagem e perda de 30% das embalagens após 180 dias estocagem. Também foi observada maior migração de alumínio para a bebida nas latas com maior espaço-livre. As latas que acondicionaram solução contendo apenas um dos elementos permaneceram íntegras até os 180 dias de estocagem, embora tenha sido observado início do processo corrosivo nessas embalagens / Abstract: In this work was studied the effect of chloride and copper ions on the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys used in aluminum beverage cans. Firstly, six types of soft drink (cola, guarana, grape, lemon, orange and tonic), commercialized in aluminum cans, were evaluated for pH, acidity, chloride and copper concentration, and determination of the aluminum corrosion potential. Based on this information, model solutions simulating the soft drinks were defined for use in the corrosion study. Polarization curves were obtained to evaluate the effect of ions concentration in acidified solution using citric acid (pH 3.0) on corrosion potential of AA3104-H19 and AA5182-H19 aluminum alloys. The results obtained showed that the presence of chloride and copper ions in the same solution enhances the corrosion of AA3104-H19 aluminum alloy, which is used in the can body. Finally, the stability study was conducted with acid solutions containing only chloride ions (250 mg.kg-1) or copper ions (25 ?g.kg-1) or both ions (250 mg.kg-1 + 25 ?g.kg-1). Two filling levels have also been used to evaluate the influence of the can head-space in the corrosion process. During storage at 35 °C for 180 days, the aggression potential of the solution containing the mixture of chloride and copper ions was confirmed by the occurrence of can perforation after 12 days of storage and 30% of packaging loss after 180 days of storage. The aluminum migration was higher in beverages packaged in higher head-space cans. Cans containing only one element remained intact up to 180 days of storage, although the beginning of the corrosion process has been observed in the cans / Doutorado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Doutora em Tecnologia de Alimentos

The author of the thesis focuses on an analysis of cola-based soft drink market in the Czech Republic, which is by its internal structure different from the standard European market of such a kind.The main goal of the thesis is to describe the cola-based soft drink market in the Czech Republic in detail, identify profiles of cola-based soft drink consumers for the leading brands and evaluate consumer perception of these brands. The aim of the thesis is also to compare subconscious and real taste preferences and to identifiy taste recognizability of tested cola-based soft drinks with a focus on Kofola brand soft drink. To fulfill the goals of the thesis the author works with following datasources: a study of a market research company ACNielsen, the data analysis of research project MML-TGI, results of a consumer survey and of a blind taste test.

The main objective of this thesis is to define the term "trade marketing" and evaluate its role within the Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company. With the use of internal resources and relevant literature, I will describe the use of trade marketing from both theoretical and practical point of view. I will also introduce the Coca-Cola HBC and its position on the carbonated soft drinks market in the Czech republic.

A Research Report Submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Commerce (Specialising in Taxation) / In the 2016 Budget Speech, the then Minister of Finance, Pravin Gordhan, announced a decision to introduce a Health Promotion Levy (‘sugar tax’) on sugar-sweetened beverages (‘SSBs’). Sugar tax came into effect on 1 April 2018 in South Africa. In its Policy Paper released by the National Treasury in July 2016, titled “Taxation of Sugar Sweetened Beverages” (‘Policy Paper’), the National Treasury outlined the proposed sugar tax. It argued that the primary objective of the introduction of sugar tax was to reduce excessive sugar intake and curb the growing problem of obesity. Obesity and other non-communicable diseases (‘NCDs’) have significantly escalated over the past 30 years and has become a growing concern in South Africa. This has resulted in South Africa being ranked the most obese country in sub-Saharan Africa. The impact of SSBs on obesity and other NCDs has received widespread attention on the international stage and by the World Health Organisation (‘WHO’). This is evident from the fact that South Africa is not the first country in recent years to introduce a form of sugar tax which has been gaining traction as popular intervention to combat the growing concern of NCDs. The argument arises as to whether the tax is actually intended to meet its desired health benefits or simply increase revenue for the fiscus. This research will examine whether the implementation of sugar tax will contribute to its intended health objectives envisaged. In order to achieve this, a study will need to be undertaken with countries which have successfully introduced sugar tax including, Mexico, Norway, Denmark, the United Arab Emirates, Chile and United Kingdom. Lastly, this study will also explore the success of the implementation of sugar tax and the impact it has had on the fiscus of these countries. / NG (2020)

Objective: To determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and soft drink consumption among adolescents. It is hypothesized that soft drink consumption contributes to overweight and obesity among adolescents. Background: Research examining the relationship between body mass index and soft drink consumption is inconsistent. Several studies have found a negative association between total sugar intake and BMI; however, others have found a link between sugar-sweetened drinks and obesity. There are no known studies that have controlled for physical activity. Data and Methods: Data on approximately 225 adolescents were used. Frequency of soft drink consumption, type of milk, and calcium intake were assessed using the Youth and Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ). Body Mass Index was calculated from height and weight measurements and adjusted for age. Physical activity levels were assessed using data recorded from the My Life Stepper 2515 digital pedometer. Age, birthday, grade, sex, and ethnicity were reported on the consent form. Results: When treated as a categorical variable, soft drink consumption was a marginal predictor of adjusted BMI (p = 0.0802). The relationship between soft drink consumption and adjusted BMI is not linear and does not follow a monotonic trend. Other variables found to significantly influence BMI were type of milk, total step mean, and calcium. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this study conclude that soft drink consumption is related to BMI among adolescents. This relationship is marginally significant; it is significant at the 0.10 level but not at the 0.05 level. Those who were in the highest soft drink consumption category had a higher mean BMI than those in the other soft drink consumption categories. Soft drink consumption, type of milk, total step mean, and calcium together predict about 10% of the variability in BMI.

Os sucos e bebidas de frutas são altamente consumidos pela população brasileira, feitos de modo caseiro ou industrializados, porém pouco se sabe sobre o conteúdo de compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante destes diferentes tipos de produtos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a determinação e comparação de diferentes compostos bioativos e da capacidade antioxidante de sucos naturais, integrais, néctares, preparados líquidos e sólidos para refresco nos sabores de tangerina, goiaba, maracujá, laranja e uva. Os sucos naturais foram preparados descartando as cascas e sementes e para cada tipo de bebida industrializada foram selecionadas três marcas distintas adquiridas no comércio local em Ribeirão Preto/SP. Foram determinados os teores dos seguintes compostos bioativos: fenólicos totais, flavonoides totais e amarelos, antocianinas totais, ácido ascórbico, licopeno e beta caroteno nas bebidas, assim como, a capacidade antioxidante foi determinada pelos métodos ABTS, DPPH e FRAP, sendo os dados analisados estatísticamente atráves da diferença entre as médias, também foram feitas correlações entre os diferentes métodos de capacidade antioxidante. Entre os achados observa-se que os preparados sólidos para refresco de diferentes marcas e sabores apresentaram os menores teores de compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante em relação às demais bebidas. O conteúdo de ácido ascórbico, fenólicos, flavonoides totais e amarelos apresentaram uma variabilidade grande entre as bebidas. As diferentes marcas de mesmo tipo de bebida e sabor apresentaram diferença significativa no teor de compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante. As antocianinas totais apresentaram-se em maior quantidade nos preparados líquidos e sucos integrais de uva. Os maiores teores de licopeno foram encontrados nos sucos natural e integrais de goiaba. O beta caroteno foi detectado apenas em algumas amostras sendo que as bebidas de tangerina apresentaram os maiores valores deste carotenoide, no suco natural, alguns sucos integrais, néctares e preparados líquidos para refresco. Os três diferentes métodos de capacidade antioxidante apresentaram resultados divergentes entre si e dados de correlação variáveis em sabores de frutas, porém, em todos os métodos, os preparados sólidos para refresco de diferentes marcas e sabores apresentaram medidas mais baixas ou nulas de capacidade antioxidante, mostrando que estes produtos são os mais inadequados do ponto de vista nutricional. Os resultados deste trabalho também mostram a dificuldade na caracterização destes produtos, comparando diferentes formulalções assim como diferentes produtos industrializados, mas apontam para valorização dos produtos naturais e menos processados / Juices and fruit drinks produced at home or industrialized are highly consumed by the Brazilian population, but the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of these different types of products is unknown.The objective of this work was the determination and comparison of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of natural and whole juices, nectars, liquid and solid prepared for soft drinks of tangerine, guava, passion fruit, orange and grape. The natural juices were prepared with the fruit pulp, scorning the barks and seeds and for each type of industrialized beverages, three different brands were collected in the local market of Ribeirão Preto -SP.Total phenolics, total and yellow flavonoids, total anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, lycopene and beta carotene were determined and analyzed by the difference between the averages, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays, also their correlations were determined. Prepared solids for soft drinks of different brands and flavors had the lowest levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity compared to other beverages. The content of ascorbic acid, phenolics, total and yellow flavonoids presented a great variability between the drinks. The different brands of the same type of beverage and flavor presented significant difference in the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity.The total anthocyanins were higher in liquid prepared for soft drinks and whole grapes juices. The highest levels of lycopene were found in natural and whole juices of guava. Beta carotene was not found in all beverages studied, tangerine beverages presented the highest values of this carotenoid in natural juice, some whole juices, nectars and liquid prepared for soft drinks. Three different methods of antioxidant capacity presented divergent results and variable correlation data on fruit flavors, however, in all methods, solid prepared for soft drinks of different brands and flavors presented the smallest and zero antioxidant capacity, showing that these products are the least nutritionally suitable. The results of this work show the difficulty in characterizing these products, comparing different formulations as well as different industrialized products, but stand out for the valorization of natural and less processed products

Embora seja crescente a utilização de reatores anaeróbios no tratamento de efluentes nas indústrias de refrigerantes, algumas características desta tecnologia ainda comprometem o desempenho, a estabilidade e a confiabilidade do processo, acarretando no aumento dos custos operacionais necessários para garantir a qualidade do efluente tratado, em adequação à todas as exigências legais. Dentre estas características destaca-se a vulnerabilidade do lodo anaeróbio a choques de produtos químicos. O presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia, baseada no método PDCA, com o objetivo de prevenir impactos negativos sobre o reator anaeróbio, através da identificação dos resíduos químicos gerados pela fábrica de refrigerantes, assim como a sua classificação, quanto a frequência de descartes e a severidade do impacto sobre a atividade dos microorganismos anaeróbios. O estudo mostrou, através da redução de DQO (Demanda Química de Oxigênio), quais produtos químicos apresentaram maior inibição sobre o lodo anaeróbio, possibilitando à fábrica direcionar ações de controle e contingência, além de pré-requisitos operacionais. / Although increasing the use of anaerobic reactors in the treatment of industrial effluents in soft drink industries, some features of this technology still undermine the performance, stability and reliability of the process, leading to increase operating costs required to ensure the quality of the treated effluent, suitability to legal requirements. Among these characteristics highlight the vulnerability of anaerobic sludge to chemical shocks. The present work proposes a methodology, based on the PDCA method in order to prevent negative impacts on the anaerobic reactor, by identifying the chemical wastes generated by the factory of soft drinks, as well as their classification, as the frequency of discharges and the severity of impact on the activity of anaerobic microorganisms. The study showed, through the reduction of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), which chemicals have greater inhibition on the anaerobic sludge, enabling to factory direct control actions and contingency operational prerequisites as well.

Embora seja crescente a utilização de reatores anaeróbios no tratamento de efluentes nas indústrias de refrigerantes, algumas características desta tecnologia ainda comprometem o desempenho, a estabilidade e a confiabilidade do processo, acarretando no aumento dos custos operacionais necessários para garantir a qualidade do efluente tratado, em adequação à todas as exigências legais. Dentre estas características destaca-se a vulnerabilidade do lodo anaeróbio a choques de produtos químicos. O presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia, baseada no método PDCA, com o objetivo de prevenir impactos negativos sobre o reator anaeróbio, através da identificação dos resíduos químicos gerados pela fábrica de refrigerantes, assim como a sua classificação, quanto a frequência de descartes e a severidade do impacto sobre a atividade dos microorganismos anaeróbios. O estudo mostrou, através da redução de DQO (Demanda Química de Oxigênio), quais produtos químicos apresentaram maior inibição sobre o lodo anaeróbio, possibilitando à fábrica direcionar ações de controle e contingência, além de pré-requisitos operacionais. / Although increasing the use of anaerobic reactors in the treatment of industrial effluents in soft drink industries, some features of this technology still undermine the performance, stability and reliability of the process, leading to increase operating costs required to ensure the quality of the treated effluent, suitability to legal requirements. Among these characteristics highlight the vulnerability of anaerobic sludge to chemical shocks. The present work proposes a methodology, based on the PDCA method in order to prevent negative impacts on the anaerobic reactor, by identifying the chemical wastes generated by the factory of soft drinks, as well as their classification, as the frequency of discharges and the severity of impact on the activity of anaerobic microorganisms. The study showed, through the reduction of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), which chemicals have greater inhibition on the anaerobic sludge, enabling to factory direct control actions and contingency operational prerequisites as well.

The aim of this master thesis is to analyze the position of the Coca-Cola Company on the Czech market of non-alcoholic beverages using retail audit data. First of all, the information about non-alcoholic beverages market in the Czech Republic is provided as setting the context for the analysis itself. This includes the facts such as size, market structure and trends both in terms of covered categories and producers operating within the market. Subsequently, the Coca Cola Company as the globally largest producer of non-alcoholic beverages is presented into the given context and in relation to the main producers on the Czech market with emphasis on the segment of cola flavored drinks is assessed its position. The analysis primarily using hard retail audit data is in the final part of the thesis enriched with the results of the consumer survey delivering the important insights of consumers themselves.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)