Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paula_ca_me_botfca.pdf: 2791497 bytes, checksum: 06e7ab6cbcb96e529248df097cfa4f7d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O desempenho operacional de rodados pneumáticos agrícolas depende de vários fatores tais como: o tipo e condições físicas do solo, tipo e geometria do pneu, cargas aplicadas aos rodados e sua pressão de inflação. A correta interpretação da interação entre essas variáveis pode minimizar significativamente os efeitos negativos do tráfego de máquinas, proporcionar um aumento na tração e melhorar a eficiência do trator agrícola, corroborando para diminuição do tempo de operação da máquina, aumento da vida útil dos tratores e dos rodados agrícolas e aumento da rentabilidade econômica no campo. Com base no exposto, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo projetar e construir um perfilômetro laser para determinação da área e volume de contato, característicos do recalque de rodados agrícolas no solo, devido às cargas a este impostas. Para construção do equipamento foram utilizadas duas baterias 12Vcc/12Ah como fonte de alimentação, um sensor laser, um potenciômetro multivoltas utilizado como sensor de distância, um motor de passo, um sistema de aquisição de dados e dois sistemas lineares de posicionamento. Foi construído um sistema no qual o sensor laser executa varreduras movimentando-se através de dois sistemas de posicionamento lineares posicionados perpendicularmente entre si e à superfície do solo. Para calibração e verificação da acerácea do equipamento foram comparadas duas malhas regulares de amostragem (2,5 e 5,0 cm) utilizando-se corpos de prova com os formatos cônico, trapezoidal, triangular e cilíndrico, sendo suas dimensões... / The operational performance of agricultural pneumatic tires depends on many factors such as physical condition and type of a soil, type and geometry of the tire, load applied to the tire and its inflation pressure. The correct interpretation of these variables can minimize significantly the negative effects of machinery traffic, proportioning an increment in the traction and increasing the efficiency of agricultural tractors, contributing to decrease machine operational time, increasing the lifetime of the tractor and of agricultural tires and yet, increase profitability. Based in what was exposed, this research had the aim to project and to construct a profile meter to determine the volume and the contact area, inherent to tire footprint in the soil due to the load imposed to the tire. To construct the equipment there were used two 12Vdc/12Ah batteries as power supply, one laser sensor, one multi-turn potentiometer used as a distance sensor, one stepper motor, a data logger and two linear positioning systems. A system in which the laser sensor performs scans moving thru the two linear positioning systems was designed and assembled perpendicularly each other and over the soil surface. To calibrate and accurately test the equipment, two different sampling grids were compared (2.5 and 5.0 cm) using conical, trapezoidal, triangular and cylindrical shapes with pre-determined dimensions, calculated employing mathematic equations. Using the data collected with the profile meter, there were generated tri-dimensional graphics (3D) and calculated volume and area via software...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Gas hydrates are crystalline solids (clathrates) in which gas molecules are encaged within lattices of hydrogen bonded water molecules. Hydrates are stable at low temperatures and high pressures; and dissociation takes place at temperatures and pressures outside the stability zone. Modeling the dissociation behavior of hydrates in porous soil media requires attention be paid to the geomechanics of hydrate dissociation. This paper addresses the issue of coupling the hydrate dissociation problem with the soil deformation problem and constructs the mathematical framework. Thermally stimulated dissociation process under undrained conditions is considered with conduction heat transfer.

Resumo: O desempenho operacional de rodados pneumáticos agrícolas depende de vários fatores tais como: o tipo e condições físicas do solo, tipo e geometria do pneu, cargas aplicadas aos rodados e sua pressão de inflação. A correta interpretação da interação entre essas variáveis pode minimizar significativamente os efeitos negativos do tráfego de máquinas, proporcionar um aumento na tração e melhorar a eficiência do trator agrícola, corroborando para diminuição do tempo de operação da máquina, aumento da vida útil dos tratores e dos rodados agrícolas e aumento da rentabilidade econômica no campo. Com base no exposto, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo projetar e construir um perfilômetro laser para determinação da área e volume de contato, característicos do recalque de rodados agrícolas no solo, devido às cargas a este impostas. Para construção do equipamento foram utilizadas duas baterias 12Vcc/12Ah como fonte de alimentação, um sensor laser, um potenciômetro multivoltas utilizado como sensor de distância, um motor de passo, um sistema de aquisição de dados e dois sistemas lineares de posicionamento. Foi construído um sistema no qual o sensor laser executa varreduras movimentando-se através de dois sistemas de posicionamento lineares posicionados perpendicularmente entre si e à superfície do solo. Para calibração e verificação da acerácea do equipamento foram comparadas duas malhas regulares de amostragem (2,5 e 5,0 cm) utilizando-se corpos de prova com os formatos cônico, trapezoidal, triangular e cilíndrico, sendo suas dimensões...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The operational performance of agricultural pneumatic tires depends on many factors such as physical condition and type of a soil, type and geometry of the tire, load applied to the tire and its inflation pressure. The correct interpretation of these variables can minimize significantly the negative effects of machinery traffic, proportioning an increment in the traction and increasing the efficiency of agricultural tractors, contributing to decrease machine operational time, increasing the lifetime of the tractor and of agricultural tires and yet, increase profitability. Based in what was exposed, this research had the aim to project and to construct a profile meter to determine the volume and the contact area, inherent to tire footprint in the soil due to the load imposed to the tire. To construct the equipment there were used two 12Vdc/12Ah batteries as power supply, one laser sensor, one multi-turn potentiometer used as a distance sensor, one stepper motor, a data logger and two linear positioning systems. A system in which the laser sensor performs scans moving thru the two linear positioning systems was designed and assembled perpendicularly each other and over the soil surface. To calibrate and accurately test the equipment, two different sampling grids were compared (2.5 and 5.0 cm) using conical, trapezoidal, triangular and cylindrical shapes with pre-determined dimensions, calculated employing mathematic equations. Using the data collected with the profile meter, there were generated tri-dimensional graphics (3D) and calculated volume and area via software...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Orientador: Kléber Pereira Lanças / Coorientador: Saulo Philipe Sebastião Guerra / Banca: Antonio Gabriel Filho / Banca: Marcos Roberto Bormio / Mestre

Les phénomènes de déformation du sol d‘origines naturelles (tectoniques et gravitaires...) ou anthropiques (surexploitation des nappes phréatiques, remblaiements...) peuvent avoir des retombées néfastes sur l'environnement et sur la vie humaine. Une bonne compréhension du mécanisme de la déformation est essentielle pour atténuer voire éliminer les risques sur les infrastructures et les environnements naturels. Dans cette étude, on se propose d‘appliquer la méthode interférométrique pour étudier la mobilité sur le grand Tunis qui est une zone urbaine et suburbaine et qui correspond au principal centre socio-économique de Tunisie. Tout d'abord, nous avons effectué des analyses sismotectoniques dans la zone d‘étude pour mieux comprendre les contextes sismique et structurale de la partie NE de la Tunisie tout en se basant sur différentes interprétations effectuées à partir des mécanismes au foyer et de la cartographie des épicentres réalisés dans cette zone. Cette analyse a permis de déduire l‘existence d‘un régime compressif NW-SE qui concorde bien avec le régime déjà existant à l‘échelle régionale. Cette cartographie a permis aussi la détection des différentes zones marquées par une activité sismique relativement importante avec une magnitude modérée et qui coïncident bien avec les accidents majeurs qui affectent la zone d‘étude. Par la suite, nous avons mené une analyse géomorphométrique du secteur d‘étude qui a permis de mettre en évidence différentes structures tectoniques existantes et de bien distinguer les différentes unités morphologiques et morphostructurales. Pour mieux assimiler le contexte morphodynamique de la zone d‘étude, nous avons choisi la méthode interférométrique des sous-ensembles à faibles lignes de base spatiales et temporelle (SBAS) qui est développée par Berardino et al. (2002). En effet, l‘application de l‘interférométrie radar différentiel sur la partie NE de la Tunisie a permis d‘identifier les zones à risques de subsidence naturelles et l'analyse des déformations de la surface topographique, associées aux phénomènes anthropiques. L‘analyse interférométrique des images radars à ouverture synthétique SBAS a démontré sa capacité de surveiller les déformations de la surface topographique et notamment les phénomènes de subsidence "à distance" avec une densité élevée de mesures au sol sur une large zone dans plusieurs travaux à travers le monde. Les analyses effectuées sur les données radar Envisat (2003-2007) en orbite descendante et Sentinel-1B (2016-2018) en orbite ascendante, nous ont permis d‘obtenir des cartes de déformation du sol, associées à des séries temporelles de la vitesse de déplacement de la zone d‘étude. Durant les deux périodes d‘analyses, nos résultats ont révélé et confirmé l‘existence de phénomènes de tassement différentiel dans la région de Tunis et de la plaine alluviale de Mornag. Le premier cas est très probablement expliqué par la nature du remblaiement et du sol hautement compressible dans la région de Tunis. Le deuxième cas consiste en un faible affaissement très probablement lié à une exploitation intensive du système aquifère de Mornag (pompage) / Soil deformation phenomena of natural (tectonic) or anthropic origins (over exploitation of groundwater, embankment) can have adverse effects on the environment and on human life. A good understanding of the mechanism of deformation is essential to mitigate or eliminate risks to infrastructure and natural environments. In this study, it is proposed to apply the interferometric method to study the mobility of an urban and suburban area of Tunis City, which is the main socio-economic center of Tunisia.Seismotectonic analyzes were carried out in the study area to better understand the seismic and structural context of the North East part of Tunisia while being based on the different interpretations made from focal mechanisms and mapping epicentres in this area. This analysis made it possible to deduce the existence of an NW-SE compressive regime that fits well with the existing regime at the regional level. This mapping also allowed the detection of the different zones marked by a relatively large seismic activity with a moderate magnitude and which coincide well with the major accidents that are at the level of the study area. Subsequently, a geomorphological analysis approach of the study area was carried out, which made it possible to highlight the different existing tectonic structures and to distinguish the different morphological units. It has been shown that geomorphological analysis has limitation to interpret the morphodynamic context of the study area and therefore the interferometric technique has proven to be an effective methodology for detecting and monitoring soil displacements with millimeter precision and also improving our understanding of current deformations. Indeed, the application of differential SAR interferometry made it possible to nether identify areas with natural subsidence risks or analyze the deformations of the topographic surface associated with anthropic phenomena. To better assimilate the morphodynamic context of the study area, the interferometric method of Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) developed by Berardino et al. (2002) has been chosen. The analysis of Envisat ASAR (2003-2007, descending satellite orbit) and Sentinel-1B (2016-2018, ascending satellite orbit) SAR data allowed us to obtain soil deformation maps associated with time series of velocity of the study area. These analyzes showed the existence of a differential settlement phenomenon in the region of Tunis and the Mornag plain by quantifying it quite accurately. Therefore, by combining SBAS results with geological, hydrogeological and geotechnical information, we have been able to explore some of the links between soil subsidence and its main control factors, in particular:- a differential settlement detected around the Lake of Tunis region, which is probably due to the nature of highly compressible alluvial sediments with bedrock depths sometimes exceeding 65m;- a subsidence of the Mornag plain, whose overexploitation of groundwater and the compressibility of alluvium were the driving forces of these deformations

The formation of plastic strains in non-cohesive soils due to large number of loading cycles is a phenomenon of great importance in geotechnical and civil engineering. It constitutes a considerable cause for failures and deformations in various types of engineering applications including pavements. Strain accumulation due to cyclic loading has been studied for years through different models. This thesis reviews various models and focuses on the Bochum model through which, the most contributing soil and traffic parameters on permanent strains formation in pavement subgrades can be figured out. This represents the base for studying the serviceability of increasing the gross weights of vehicles that affect the behavior and size of cyclic loading. This was discussed through investigating the efficacy of increasing the number of vehicle axles and through increasing the vehicle gross weight while keeping the number of axles to check their impacts at the levels of strain formation in soil and consequently on its deformation. The results showed a considerable difference in settlements after changing the axle configurations of vehicles through increasing its number of axles. The work is expected to open a new area of scientific research in pavement designs seeking for ideal configurations of vehicle axles and to provide an advanced approach for studying soil deformations due to higher cyclic loadings.