We will focus on the concept of suffering in the theology of John Paul II., especially his messages during the Days of the sick in this dissertation "Sickness and sick people in the messages of saint John Paul II. for the Worlds days of the Sick". Firstly we have to describe sickness in catholic theology to understand this topic better. We will continue further with the analysis of messages during the Days of the Sick under the pontificate of saint John Paul II. This in consideration of his other texts (especially the apostolic letter Salvifici doloris), John Paul's attitude towards the way sickness and the sick are viewed in different cultures, as well as his position on various kinds of suffering, will be streamlined and characterized in this work. We will also allow for the sickness in the life on John's Paul II. which particularly influenced his main view on sick people and we will also take into account his other writings.

O presente trabalho investiga as seis peças religiosas de A Pilgrimes Solace (1612), último livro de ayres de John Dowland (1563-1626): In this trembling shadow, If that a sinners sighes, Thou mightie God, When Davids life by Saul, When the poor cripple e Where sinne sore wounding. Para isto, usamos uma abordagem intertextual a fim de situar esta coleção no cenário da Inglaterra dos sécs. XVI-XVII, comparando-a com outras coleções de ayres e canções polifônicas inglesas que misturam os gêneros religioso e secular. Buscamos entender quais foram os eventos que circundaram a publicação desta coleção; as possíveis conexões entre os textos dessas seis peças com o culto da salmodia neste país; as características musicais em comuns ou diferentes de outras peças da mesma época; as relações entre as canções desta coleção e seu título, assim como com o prefácio ao leitor e as relações de patronagem envolvidas nesta publicação. Diante desta perspectiva, a abordagem musicológica deste trabalho é aquela da nova musicologia, proposta por Vicent Duckles, Joseph Kerman e Jean Nattiez. Sugere-se, assim, uma perspectiva que leva em conta a inter-relação entre aspectos históricos, filosóficos, sociais e retórico-musicais. A conexão entre essas áreas foi utilizada para a análise da obra escolhida e contribuiu para situar esta coleção neste período, de modo que ela pudesse ser investigada através de materiais extramusicais: manuais de cortesania, tratados médicos, diários, livros de salmos, livros de teoria musical, entre outros. Em suma, através dessa abordagem descrevemos o cenário em que as coleções de ayres estavam inseridas, a relação entre música e devoção e a função da música nesta sociedade. Com isto, percebemos que A Pilgrimes Solace é uma mistura não só de gêneros, mas também de estilos musicais, de ambientes (canções relacionadas à privacidade ou a celebrações públicas) e de funções, já que essa coleção aborda tanto aspectos da música relacionada à função religiosa quanto à recreação do espírito. Em relação às peças religiosas, através da análise retórico-musical, foi possível perceber o lamento como elemento principal representado pela música, assim como os aspectos que se relacionam à jornada do eu-lírico nestas canções: dores, angústias, arrependimento verdadeiro, fé em Deus, paciência ao esperar o conforto divino e a remissão de seus pecados. Por fim, através das análises comparativas com obras de autores como William Byrd, Thomas Campion e John Milton, entre outros, inferimos que Dowland tende a usar lugares-comuns para representar este tipo de texto, convergindo com o estilo musical destes compositores. Contudo, ele infringe com mais frequência as regras do contraponto quando o poema exige, carrega suas peças com cromatismos e se preocupa em criar uma imagem musical mais contundente das situações que as personagens enfrentam. / This research intends to investigate the six religious songs of John Dowland\'s A Pilgrimes Solace, his last book of airs (1612): In this trembling shadow, If that a sinners sighes, Thou mighty God, When Davids life by Saul, When the poore cripple e Where sinne sore wounding. To this end, we approach this dissertation through an intertextual method in order to place this collection in the England scenario during 16th and 17th centuries, comparing it to other ayres collections and polyphonic English songs which mix religious and secular music genres. Therefore, we seek to understand which events surrounded the publication of this collection, the possible connections between the texts of these six songs and the psalm singing cult in this country, the musical characteristics in common or not with other contemporaneous works and the relation between the songs of this collection and its title and preface to the reader as well as the patronage\'s relations evolved in this publication. Regarding this perspective, the musicological approach is that from the new musicology proposed by Vicent Duckles, Joseph Kerman e Jean Nattiez, suggesting, thus, an interrelation among historical, philosophical, social, and musical-rhetoric aspects. Therefore, the connection between these areas were chosen for the analysis of this collection and contributed to place it in this period of time, investigating it through extramusical aspects: conducting books, medical treatise, diaries, book of psalms, books of contemporaneous musical theory, among others. To summarize, through this approach we described the scenario in which the ayres collections were inserted, the relation between music and devotion, and the function of music in that society. Having said that, we perceived that A Pilgrimes Solace is a mix not only of musical genre, but also of musical style, environment (songs related to privacy or public celebrations) and function, since this collection deals with religious function as well as recreational purposes. Regarding the religious songs, through the musical-rhetoric analysis, we could perceive the lament as the main element to be represented through music as well as the aspects related to the versifier\'s journey in these songs: sorrows, moans, true repentance, faith in God, patience to wait for his comfort and redemption of sins. Finally, through the comparative analysis with William Byrd, Thomas Campion e John Milton, we inferred that John Dowland tend to use common places to represent this type of text, converging with the musical style of those composers; however, Dowland frequently brakes the counterpoint rules when the poem demands, fills his pieces with cromatism and creates an image of the situation in which the characters are facing.

O presente trabalho investiga as seis peças religiosas de A Pilgrimes Solace (1612), último livro de ayres de John Dowland (1563-1626): In this trembling shadow, If that a sinners sighes, Thou mightie God, When Davids life by Saul, When the poor cripple e Where sinne sore wounding. Para isto, usamos uma abordagem intertextual a fim de situar esta coleção no cenário da Inglaterra dos sécs. XVI-XVII, comparando-a com outras coleções de ayres e canções polifônicas inglesas que misturam os gêneros religioso e secular. Buscamos entender quais foram os eventos que circundaram a publicação desta coleção; as possíveis conexões entre os textos dessas seis peças com o culto da salmodia neste país; as características musicais em comuns ou diferentes de outras peças da mesma época; as relações entre as canções desta coleção e seu título, assim como com o prefácio ao leitor e as relações de patronagem envolvidas nesta publicação. Diante desta perspectiva, a abordagem musicológica deste trabalho é aquela da nova musicologia, proposta por Vicent Duckles, Joseph Kerman e Jean Nattiez. Sugere-se, assim, uma perspectiva que leva em conta a inter-relação entre aspectos históricos, filosóficos, sociais e retórico-musicais. A conexão entre essas áreas foi utilizada para a análise da obra escolhida e contribuiu para situar esta coleção neste período, de modo que ela pudesse ser investigada através de materiais extramusicais: manuais de cortesania, tratados médicos, diários, livros de salmos, livros de teoria musical, entre outros. Em suma, através dessa abordagem descrevemos o cenário em que as coleções de ayres estavam inseridas, a relação entre música e devoção e a função da música nesta sociedade. Com isto, percebemos que A Pilgrimes Solace é uma mistura não só de gêneros, mas também de estilos musicais, de ambientes (canções relacionadas à privacidade ou a celebrações públicas) e de funções, já que essa coleção aborda tanto aspectos da música relacionada à função religiosa quanto à recreação do espírito. Em relação às peças religiosas, através da análise retórico-musical, foi possível perceber o lamento como elemento principal representado pela música, assim como os aspectos que se relacionam à jornada do eu-lírico nestas canções: dores, angústias, arrependimento verdadeiro, fé em Deus, paciência ao esperar o conforto divino e a remissão de seus pecados. Por fim, através das análises comparativas com obras de autores como William Byrd, Thomas Campion e John Milton, entre outros, inferimos que Dowland tende a usar lugares-comuns para representar este tipo de texto, convergindo com o estilo musical destes compositores. Contudo, ele infringe com mais frequência as regras do contraponto quando o poema exige, carrega suas peças com cromatismos e se preocupa em criar uma imagem musical mais contundente das situações que as personagens enfrentam. / This research intends to investigate the six religious songs of John Dowland\'s A Pilgrimes Solace, his last book of airs (1612): In this trembling shadow, If that a sinners sighes, Thou mighty God, When Davids life by Saul, When the poore cripple e Where sinne sore wounding. To this end, we approach this dissertation through an intertextual method in order to place this collection in the England scenario during 16th and 17th centuries, comparing it to other ayres collections and polyphonic English songs which mix religious and secular music genres. Therefore, we seek to understand which events surrounded the publication of this collection, the possible connections between the texts of these six songs and the psalm singing cult in this country, the musical characteristics in common or not with other contemporaneous works and the relation between the songs of this collection and its title and preface to the reader as well as the patronage\'s relations evolved in this publication. Regarding this perspective, the musicological approach is that from the new musicology proposed by Vicent Duckles, Joseph Kerman e Jean Nattiez, suggesting, thus, an interrelation among historical, philosophical, social, and musical-rhetoric aspects. Therefore, the connection between these areas were chosen for the analysis of this collection and contributed to place it in this period of time, investigating it through extramusical aspects: conducting books, medical treatise, diaries, book of psalms, books of contemporaneous musical theory, among others. To summarize, through this approach we described the scenario in which the ayres collections were inserted, the relation between music and devotion, and the function of music in that society. Having said that, we perceived that A Pilgrimes Solace is a mix not only of musical genre, but also of musical style, environment (songs related to privacy or public celebrations) and function, since this collection deals with religious function as well as recreational purposes. Regarding the religious songs, through the musical-rhetoric analysis, we could perceive the lament as the main element to be represented through music as well as the aspects related to the versifier\'s journey in these songs: sorrows, moans, true repentance, faith in God, patience to wait for his comfort and redemption of sins. Finally, through the comparative analysis with William Byrd, Thomas Campion e John Milton, we inferred that John Dowland tend to use common places to represent this type of text, converging with the musical style of those composers; however, Dowland frequently brakes the counterpoint rules when the poem demands, fills his pieces with cromatism and creates an image of the situation in which the characters are facing.

As the population of the earth expands the natural world shrinks in order to give space to our growing population. This is a problem since humans have a big part in the destruction of natural habitats. In Gretel Ehrlich’s The Solace of Open Spaces we find a close interaction between human culture and nature. The Solace of Open Spaces can be categorized as creative non fiction, and with this is mind I intend to employ a theoretical approach called ecocriticism when analyzing The Solace of Open Spaces. The following essay will examine how the narrator of The Solace of Open Spaces has depicted the relation between nature and culture. The study will be conducted by a close reading of The Solace of Open Spaces. Other than the close reading a series of important articles and websites have been consulted for further information regarding certain keywords and concepts. Important keywords which are found throughout the essay are: anthropocentrism, cowboy, culture, dualism, nature and sheepherder. My initial theory is that even though it might not be intended, a nature and culture dualism is present in The Solace of Open Spaces. I base the assumption on my belief that all humans objectify nature and see nature as a possession. The aim of the essay is to establish whether there is a nature and culture dualism present in The Solace of Open Spaces.

<p>As the population of the earth expands the natural world shrinks in order to give space to our growing population. This is a problem since humans have a big part in the destruction of natural habitats. In Gretel Ehrlich’s The Solace of Open Spaces we find a close interaction between human culture and nature. The Solace of Open Spaces can be categorized as creative non fiction, and with this is mind I intend to employ a theoretical approach called ecocriticism when analyzing The Solace of Open Spaces. The following essay will examine how the narrator of The Solace of Open Spaces has depicted the relation between nature and culture. The study will be conducted by a close reading of The Solace of Open Spaces. Other than the close reading a series of important articles and websites have been consulted for further information regarding certain keywords and concepts. Important keywords which are found throughout the essay are: anthropocentrism, cowboy, culture, dualism, nature and sheepherder. My initial theory is that even though it might not be intended, a nature and culture dualism is present in The Solace of Open Spaces. I base the assumption on my belief that all humans objectify nature and see nature as a possession. The aim of the essay is to establish whether there is a nature and culture dualism present in The Solace of Open Spaces.</p>

Our modern information society provides us with a tremendous amount of information. Several issues have surfaced due to the complexity inherent in the handling of the information systems. One of the most important issues is that of providing an architecture and methodology that provide for the development and maintenance of complex, distributed information systems. As the information flow and quantity hinders us from having qualitative information when needed, the architecture must address the reach, richness and value of the information. Network-centric warfare is a problem domain that has been initiated to meet the power of information. To be able to support such continouos sustainability, a robust network infrastructure is critical. A systemic perspective on network-centric environments as well as a technical perspective on network-centric environment shows that, although promising, contemporary implementations having a service-oriented architecture lack support for physical scalability and a cognitive decoupling that would provide for multiple users acting on the same environment. Consequently, a service-oriented layered architecture for communicating entities is presented where these issues are addressed. For verification, a demonstrator is developed upon a service-oriented layered architecture for communicating based on a network-centric warfare scenario.

By means of a systemic approach toward analysis and design of complex systems, we introduce the issue of implementing open computational systems on service-oriented architectures. We start by studying general systems theory, as it accounts for analysis and modeling of complex systems, and then compare three different implementation strategies toward system implementation. As such, the comparison is grounded in the notion of supporting architectures and, more specifically, in the practical case of a service-oriented layered architecture for communicating entities (SOLACE). / More material can be found on http://www.soclab.bth.se