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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Electrical conduction in cerate ceramics

Tanishima, Satoshi January 1995 (has links)
No description available.
2

Fundamentals and applications of solid-state high temperature proton conductors

Xie, Qingyuan January 1993 (has links)
No description available.
3

Interrogating Buried Electrochemical Interfaces

Deepti Tewari (8768112) 29 April 2020 (has links)
Lithium is a very attractive material for batteries. It has low redox potential (-3.04V vs SHE) and high theoretical capacity of 3860 mAh g-1. So, lithium batteries would have high energy density. During charging and discharging of the batteries, the interface between electrode and electrolyte changes as lithium is deposited or dissolved. If the deposition is dendritic, it can short circuit and cause failure of the battery. During dissolution of lithium from the electrode, pits can form on the surface and some part of lithium is detached. It is called dead lithium since it is not electrochemically active. Solid electrolyte and lithium metal interfaces are characterized by high interfacial resistance. The interface between electrode and electrolyte is critical to the safety and performance of lithium batteries. The aim of this research is to understand the evolution of interface between electrode and electrolyte as charging or discharging occurs. Three kinds of interfaces are considered, interface formed between intercalation anode and liquid electrolyte, interface of metal anode and liquid electrolyte and interface between metal anode and solid electrolyte.<br>Stringent performance and operational requirements in electric vehicles can push lithium-ion batteries toward unsafe conditions. Electroplating and possible dendritic growth are a cause for safety concern as well as performance deterioration in such intercalation chemistry-based energy storage systems. There is a need for better understanding of the morphology evolution due to electrodeposition of lithium on graphite anode surface, and the interplay between material properties and operating conditions. In this work, a mesoscale analysis of the underlying multi-modal interactions is presented to study the evolution of morphology due to lithium deposition on typical graphite electrode surfaces. It is found that electrodeposition is a complex interplay between the rate of reduction of Li ion and the intercalation of Li in the graphite anode. The morphology of the electrodeposited film changes from dendritic to mossy structures due to the surface diffusion of lithium on the electrodeposited film.<br>Dendritic deposition on lithium metal anode during charging poses a safety concern. During discharging, formation of dead lithium results in low Coulombic efficiency. In this work, a comprehensive understanding of the interface evolution leading to the formation of dead lithium is presented based on a mechanism-driven probabilistic analysis. Non-dendritic interface morphology is obtained under reaction controlled scenarios. Otherwise, this may evolve into a mossy, dendritic, whisker or needle-like structures with the main characteristic being the propensity for undesirable vertical growth. During discharging, pitted interface may be formed along with bulk dissolution. Surface diffusion is a key determinant controlling the extent of dead lithium formation, including a higher probability of the same when the effect of surface diffusion is comparable to that of ionic diffusion in the electrolyte and interface reaction.<br>One of the biggest advantages of solid electrolyte over liquid electrolyte is its mechanical rigidity which provides resistance to dendritic deposition. The electrodeposition at the interface of solid electrolyte and lithium metal anode will be affected by the nature of the interface formed between solid electrolyte and lithium metal, i.e. coherent, semi-coherent or incoherent depending on the misfit between the two crystal lattices. A coupled energetics and deposition mesoscale model is developed to investigate the nature of deposition and surface roughness of the deposition. The strength of interaction between metal anode surface and solid electrolyte surface at the interface is key in determining the roughness of the morphology during deposition. The energy is localized to region near the interface. With surface diffusion at the interface, the roughness of the interface as well as the energy near the interfacial region decreases.
4

Enhancing the conductivity of crystalline polymer electrolytes

Lilley, Scott J. January 2007 (has links)
The AsF6- anion, in the crystalline polymer electrolyte PEO6:LiAsF6, was replaced with the larger N(SO2CF3)2- anion. This produced an increase in the room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.5 orders of magnitude. It is believed that the enhancement is the result of the disruption of the electrostatic field around the lithium ions. The presence of the large and asymmetrical N(SO2CF3)2- ion creates a greater number of defects and thus enhances conductivity. These results demonstrate for the first time the enhancement lithium ion conductivity in a crystalline polymer electrolyte by isovalent doping. XF6- anions, in the crystalline polymer electrolyte system PEO6:LiXF6, were replaced by another anion of similar size and shape. A continuous solid solution was obtained for PEO6:(LiAsF6)1-x(LiSbF6)x. These results represent the first continuous solid solution demonstrated in the field of crystalline polymer electrolytes. They also show for the first time an enhancement of conductivity caused only by the size of the dopant anion. The enhancement is believed to originate from changes in the length of the crystal axis and changes in the potential landscape around the lithium ions. The structures of the glyme complexes monoglyme:LiAsF6, hexaglyme:LiAsF6, octaglyme:LiAsF6, undecaglyme:LiAsF6 and dodecaglyme:LiAsF6 have been solved. There structures are discussed and compared to that of PEO6:LiAsF6. The properties of these complexes together with those of diglyme:LiAsF6, triglyme:LiAsF6 and tetraglyme:LiAsF6 were investigated. Triglyme:LiAsF6 has been shown to demonstrate high ionic conductivity of 10-5.5 Scm-1 at 30oC as well as a high transport number of 0.8. These complexes demonstrate the control that crystal structure has over ionic conductivity. These complexes are neither ceramic nor polymeric. A number of the complexes show plastic crystal like solid-solid phase transitions.
5

Eletrólitos sólidos poliméricos a base de quitosana / Solid polimeric electrolyte based on chitosan

Danczuk, Marins 28 November 2007 (has links)
Polímeros naturais são muito interessantes para obtenção de eletrólitos sólidos (ESPs). A grande vantagem é devida as suas propriedades de biodegradação por causa de sua procedência como também baixo custo de obtenção e boas propriedades físico-químicas. Estes polímeros contem na suas estrutura heteroatomos e por esta razão podem complexar prótons ou íons de lítio levando a condução iônica. Dentre diversos polímeros naturais os ESPs a base de Quitosana mostram boas características opto-eletroquímicas e podem ser aplicados em dispositivos eletrocrômicos. Nesta dissertação estão apresentados os resultados de preparação e caracterização de novos eletrólitos sólidos poliméricos (ESPs) obtidos através da plastificação da Quitosana com Glicerol, Sorbitol e Etileno Glicol, onde o próprio solvente, Ácido Clorídrico (HCl), é o doador de prótons responsáveis pala condução iônica dos ESPs. Alem disso foram estudadas também as amostras contendo LiCF3SO3. A caracterização dos materiais na forma de filmes foi realizada utilizando-se as técnicas básicas de caracterização de materiais tais como: análises térmicas (DSC), análises estruturais (raios-X), medidas óticas (UV-Vis), visualização da superfície das amostras através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia (FTIR), Titulação Potenciométrica e como a mais importante: medidas de condutividade iônica por espectroscopia de impedância complexa (EIE). Os filmes de ESPs contendo Glicerol apresentaram-se flexíveis, transparentes (acima de 80% de transmitância na região do visível de espectro eletromagnético )e visualmente com boa aderência ao vidro e ao aço inox. A plastificação com diferentes quantidades de Glicerol, mas mantendo a mesma concentração de HCl, revelou que a amostra contendo 59% de Glicerol apresentou os melhores valores de condutividade iônica. Para esta quantidade de plastificante foi feito o estudo da influência de concentração do Ácido Clorídrico (HCl) nos valores de condutividade iônica. Este ensaio demonstrou que a amostra com 0,048 mol.L-1 apresentou maior valor de condutividade, sendo 9,54.10-4Scm-1 a temperatura ambiente. Ainda com adição de 48% do Glicerol e a inserção de 13% em massa do LiCF3SO3 foi obtida a condutividade de 2,19x10-5Scm-1. Os filmes plastificados com Etileno Glicol apresentaram melhor valor de condutividade iônica de 2,4.10-4Scm-1 a temperatura ambiente, para amostra contendo 68% de plastificante e concentração de 0,048 molL-1 de HCl. Também são transparentes, flexíveis e aderentes. Os filmes de Quitosana plastificada com Sorbitol não apresentaram boas condutividades, i.e. de ordem de 10-6 Scm-1 a temperatura ambiente para amostra contendo 59% de Sorbitol e 0,048 mol.L-1, contudo são transparentes, mas não são aderentes ao vidro e ainda são quebradiços. Os resultados demonstraram que os novos ESPs obtidos a base de filmes de Quitosana plastificada com EG e Glicerol são ótimos candidatos a serem utilizados em dispositivos eletrocrômicos. / Natural polymers are very interesting matrix to obtain solid polymeric electrolytes (SPE). The principal advantage comes from its particularly interesting biodegradation properties due to the natural precedence and also very low cost and good physical and chemical properties. These polymers contain heteroatoms in its structure and for this reason can complex protons or lithium ions leading to the ionic conduction. Among different natural polymers, chitosan-based SPEs show good opto-electrochemical characteristics and can be applied in electrochemical devices. This work presents the results of chitosan-based electrolytes, which were characterized by impedance spectroscopy (EIE), thermal analysis (DSC) and scanning microscopy (SEM). The SPEs samples were obtained from chitosan plasticized with glycerol, ethylene glycol and sorbitol and containing HCl and lithium salt LiClO4. Different compositions of SPEs i.e. salt and plasticizer quantities were investigated, where it was observed that the ionic conductivity results obtained for these SPEs varied from 10-6 S/cm to 10-4 S/cm at room temperature depending on the sample and increased following Arrhenius ionic conductivity models. The best results of ionic conductivity values of 9,54.10-4Scm-1 were obtained for SPEs of chitosan plasticized with 48% of glycerol and containing 0,048 molL-1 of HCl. The samples containing 68% of ethylene glycol showed ionic conductivity of 2,4.10-4Scm-1 at room temperature and the samples with 59% of sorbitol showed the ionic conductivity values of 10-6 Scm-1. Thermal analysis using calorimetry (DSC) was performed in order to observe the change in glass transition temperature caused by the changes performed on the samples. Good conductivity results combined with transparency and good adhesion to the electrodes have shown that chitosan-based SPEs are very promising materials to be used as solid electrolytes in electrochromic devices.
6

Eletrólitos sólidos poliméricos a base de quitosana / Solid polimeric electrolyte based on chitosan

Marins Danczuk 28 November 2007 (has links)
Polímeros naturais são muito interessantes para obtenção de eletrólitos sólidos (ESPs). A grande vantagem é devida as suas propriedades de biodegradação por causa de sua procedência como também baixo custo de obtenção e boas propriedades físico-químicas. Estes polímeros contem na suas estrutura heteroatomos e por esta razão podem complexar prótons ou íons de lítio levando a condução iônica. Dentre diversos polímeros naturais os ESPs a base de Quitosana mostram boas características opto-eletroquímicas e podem ser aplicados em dispositivos eletrocrômicos. Nesta dissertação estão apresentados os resultados de preparação e caracterização de novos eletrólitos sólidos poliméricos (ESPs) obtidos através da plastificação da Quitosana com Glicerol, Sorbitol e Etileno Glicol, onde o próprio solvente, Ácido Clorídrico (HCl), é o doador de prótons responsáveis pala condução iônica dos ESPs. Alem disso foram estudadas também as amostras contendo LiCF3SO3. A caracterização dos materiais na forma de filmes foi realizada utilizando-se as técnicas básicas de caracterização de materiais tais como: análises térmicas (DSC), análises estruturais (raios-X), medidas óticas (UV-Vis), visualização da superfície das amostras através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia (FTIR), Titulação Potenciométrica e como a mais importante: medidas de condutividade iônica por espectroscopia de impedância complexa (EIE). Os filmes de ESPs contendo Glicerol apresentaram-se flexíveis, transparentes (acima de 80% de transmitância na região do visível de espectro eletromagnético )e visualmente com boa aderência ao vidro e ao aço inox. A plastificação com diferentes quantidades de Glicerol, mas mantendo a mesma concentração de HCl, revelou que a amostra contendo 59% de Glicerol apresentou os melhores valores de condutividade iônica. Para esta quantidade de plastificante foi feito o estudo da influência de concentração do Ácido Clorídrico (HCl) nos valores de condutividade iônica. Este ensaio demonstrou que a amostra com 0,048 mol.L-1 apresentou maior valor de condutividade, sendo 9,54.10-4Scm-1 a temperatura ambiente. Ainda com adição de 48% do Glicerol e a inserção de 13% em massa do LiCF3SO3 foi obtida a condutividade de 2,19x10-5Scm-1. Os filmes plastificados com Etileno Glicol apresentaram melhor valor de condutividade iônica de 2,4.10-4Scm-1 a temperatura ambiente, para amostra contendo 68% de plastificante e concentração de 0,048 molL-1 de HCl. Também são transparentes, flexíveis e aderentes. Os filmes de Quitosana plastificada com Sorbitol não apresentaram boas condutividades, i.e. de ordem de 10-6 Scm-1 a temperatura ambiente para amostra contendo 59% de Sorbitol e 0,048 mol.L-1, contudo são transparentes, mas não são aderentes ao vidro e ainda são quebradiços. Os resultados demonstraram que os novos ESPs obtidos a base de filmes de Quitosana plastificada com EG e Glicerol são ótimos candidatos a serem utilizados em dispositivos eletrocrômicos. / Natural polymers are very interesting matrix to obtain solid polymeric electrolytes (SPE). The principal advantage comes from its particularly interesting biodegradation properties due to the natural precedence and also very low cost and good physical and chemical properties. These polymers contain heteroatoms in its structure and for this reason can complex protons or lithium ions leading to the ionic conduction. Among different natural polymers, chitosan-based SPEs show good opto-electrochemical characteristics and can be applied in electrochemical devices. This work presents the results of chitosan-based electrolytes, which were characterized by impedance spectroscopy (EIE), thermal analysis (DSC) and scanning microscopy (SEM). The SPEs samples were obtained from chitosan plasticized with glycerol, ethylene glycol and sorbitol and containing HCl and lithium salt LiClO4. Different compositions of SPEs i.e. salt and plasticizer quantities were investigated, where it was observed that the ionic conductivity results obtained for these SPEs varied from 10-6 S/cm to 10-4 S/cm at room temperature depending on the sample and increased following Arrhenius ionic conductivity models. The best results of ionic conductivity values of 9,54.10-4Scm-1 were obtained for SPEs of chitosan plasticized with 48% of glycerol and containing 0,048 molL-1 of HCl. The samples containing 68% of ethylene glycol showed ionic conductivity of 2,4.10-4Scm-1 at room temperature and the samples with 59% of sorbitol showed the ionic conductivity values of 10-6 Scm-1. Thermal analysis using calorimetry (DSC) was performed in order to observe the change in glass transition temperature caused by the changes performed on the samples. Good conductivity results combined with transparency and good adhesion to the electrodes have shown that chitosan-based SPEs are very promising materials to be used as solid electrolytes in electrochromic devices.
7

Solid Electrolytes and Deoxidation

Vahed, Ahmad 11 1900 (has links)
<P> A study has been made of the transformation of deoxidation products in the Fe-V-0 system in the temperature range 1545 -1640°C, using galvanic cells with solid electrolytes. The cells used were in the form of Zr02 (caO) immersion probes and Th02(Y2o2) crucible assemblies. The fields of study of Fev2o4(spinel) and v2o3 were established with respect to oxygen activity and temperature. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)
8

Obtenção e Caracterização de Eletrólitos Sólidos de Céria-Gadolínia / Preparation and Characterization of Ceria-Gadolinia Solid Electrolytes

Rocha, Renata Ayres 07 December 2001 (has links)
Soluções sólidas de CeO2:Gd2O3 foram obtidas a partir de três técnicas de síntese que se utilizam de matrizes poliméricas: técnica dos precursores poliméricos ou citratos, técnica do citrato amorfo e técnica do PVA. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é a obtenção de pós reativos e cerâmicas sinterizadas densas. Para a caracterização dos materiais, foram analisadas as resinas precursoras, o pó calcinado a duas temperaturas e os compactos sinterizados. Os principais resultados mostram que: as soluções sólidas podem ser obtidas a temperaturas relativamente baixas; os pós apresentam tamanho nanométrico de partículas; a densificação é dependente da técnica de síntese e do teor de dopante. A técnica do PVA deve ser utilizada com cuidado, principalmente quando há possibilidade de ocorrer auto-ignição durante a decomposição térmica da resina precursora. Utilizando-se a técnica dos precursores poliméricos, o teor de carbono residual foi mais elevado do que nas outras duas técnicas, como esperado. A técnica do citrato amorfo foi a que permitiu obter cerâmicas mais densas. A resistividade elétrica da cerâmica sinterizada é função do teor de dopante, do teor de pureza e da porosidade, como sugerido na literatura. / CeO2:Gd2O3 solid solutions have been prepared by the following techniques based on polymeric matrices: the citrate, the amorphous citrate and the PVA techniques. The main purpose was to obtain reactive powders for preparing highly dense sintered ceramic pieces. The precursor resin, calcined powders and sintered compacts were studied by several techniques for complete characterization. The main results show that solid solutions may be obtained at relatively low temperatures and that powder particles are in the nanosize range, whatever is the technique used for the synthesis of the solid solution. However, the densification of sintered compacts is found to be dependent on dopant content and synthesis technique. The PVA technique should be used with caution, mainly due to combustion that may occur during precursor decomposition. The residual carbon content was found to be higher for powder prepared by the citrate technique. Specimens with high densification were obtained following the amorphous citrate technique. Electrical resistivity results are in agreement with previous results that suggest a dependence of the porosity of the sintered compacts on the dopant content and also on the material chosen for precursor.
9

Obtenção e Caracterização de Eletrólitos Sólidos de Céria-Gadolínia / Preparation and Characterization of Ceria-Gadolinia Solid Electrolytes

Renata Ayres Rocha 07 December 2001 (has links)
Soluções sólidas de CeO2:Gd2O3 foram obtidas a partir de três técnicas de síntese que se utilizam de matrizes poliméricas: técnica dos precursores poliméricos ou citratos, técnica do citrato amorfo e técnica do PVA. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é a obtenção de pós reativos e cerâmicas sinterizadas densas. Para a caracterização dos materiais, foram analisadas as resinas precursoras, o pó calcinado a duas temperaturas e os compactos sinterizados. Os principais resultados mostram que: as soluções sólidas podem ser obtidas a temperaturas relativamente baixas; os pós apresentam tamanho nanométrico de partículas; a densificação é dependente da técnica de síntese e do teor de dopante. A técnica do PVA deve ser utilizada com cuidado, principalmente quando há possibilidade de ocorrer auto-ignição durante a decomposição térmica da resina precursora. Utilizando-se a técnica dos precursores poliméricos, o teor de carbono residual foi mais elevado do que nas outras duas técnicas, como esperado. A técnica do citrato amorfo foi a que permitiu obter cerâmicas mais densas. A resistividade elétrica da cerâmica sinterizada é função do teor de dopante, do teor de pureza e da porosidade, como sugerido na literatura. / CeO2:Gd2O3 solid solutions have been prepared by the following techniques based on polymeric matrices: the citrate, the amorphous citrate and the PVA techniques. The main purpose was to obtain reactive powders for preparing highly dense sintered ceramic pieces. The precursor resin, calcined powders and sintered compacts were studied by several techniques for complete characterization. The main results show that solid solutions may be obtained at relatively low temperatures and that powder particles are in the nanosize range, whatever is the technique used for the synthesis of the solid solution. However, the densification of sintered compacts is found to be dependent on dopant content and synthesis technique. The PVA technique should be used with caution, mainly due to combustion that may occur during precursor decomposition. The residual carbon content was found to be higher for powder prepared by the citrate technique. Specimens with high densification were obtained following the amorphous citrate technique. Electrical resistivity results are in agreement with previous results that suggest a dependence of the porosity of the sintered compacts on the dopant content and also on the material chosen for precursor.
10

Design of a Reduction-Resistant Ce0.8Sm0.2 O 1.9 Electrolyte Through Growth of a Thin BaCe1−xSmxO3−α Layer over Electrolyte Surface

Sano, Mitsuru, Nagao, Masahiro, Hibino, Takashi, Tomita, Atsuko, Hirabayashi, Daisuke January 2004 (has links)
No description available.

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