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Ce travail de thèse a pour but de modéliser la macroségrégation des produits obtenus par solidification en prenant en compte le transport des grains équiaxes. Le modèle de solidification à deux phases (solide et liquide) est traité par une méthode d'éléments finis, consistant à résoudre les équations de conservation moyennées de l'énergie, de la quantité de mouvement et de la masse, dans lesquelles les évolutions multi-échelles de la masse des phases et des solutés sont modélisées en utilisant une approche de splitting. D'après cette technique, la variation des quantités est considérée comme résultant de la contribution de deux étapes : l'étape de croissance et l'étape de transport. L'implémentation numérique du modèle a été réalisée avec trois opérations principales : tout d'abord implémenter le modèle de croissance des grains, ensuite intégrer des phénomènes de transport résultant de la convection thermo-solutale du liquide et du mouvement du solide, enfin mettre en œuvre le modèle complet en combinant les étapes de croissance et de transport. Lors de ces opérations, une investigation attentive a été consacrée à l'établissement de la résolution par éléments finis pour les équations de transport avec champs discontinus de vitesse à divergence non nulle, afin de surmonter des problèmes numériques en respectant la qualité des solutions physiques. Parallèlement à ces travaux, différents tests de simulation 2D ont été effectués à chaque étape d'implémentation. De bons accords ont été globalement obtenus entre les solutions données par le modèle présent et celles de référence dans la littérature. Finalement, des applications industrielles et des simulations 3D ont été menées, pour lesquelles les résultats numériques reproduisent les configurations caractéristiques des mesures expérimentales : un profil typique de macroségrégation des lingots composé d'une ségrégation négative occupant de la zone inférieure et d'une ségrégation positive en zone supérieure. Ce profil est la signature caractéristique de la sédimentation des cristaux et de la convection thermo-solutale. En outre, un modèle à trois phases étendu à partir du modèle à deux phases précédent – en distinguant la phase liquide interdendritique – s'est avéré capable de décrire la morphologie des grains dendritiques. / The present work aims at modeling macrosegregation of castings, accounting for the transport of equiaxed grains. A two-phase (solid and liquid) finite element solidification model is presented, consisting in solving a system of volume-averaged conservation equations of energy, momentum, solute, in which the multi-scale evolutions of phase and solute mass are modeled by using a splitting method. According to this approach, the variation of quantities is considered as due to the contribution of two stages: the growth stage and the transport stage. The numerical implementation was realized with three principal steps: first implementing growth processes, then integrating transport phenomena including the thermo-solutal liquid convection and the solid movement, lastly combing the growth and transport stages to achieve a complete growth-transport model. Of these steps, solving the transport equations with discontinuous and non-divergence-free velocity fields by using finite element method required an attentive investigation in order to overcome numerical issues while respecting for physical solutions. Parallel to these works, various two-dimensional simulation tests were carried out in each implementation step. Agreements were globally found between results obtained from the present model and those of reference from the literature. Finally, industrial applications and three-dimensional simulations were performed, which show that computational solutions can predict essential features of experimental measurements. In particular, a typical macrosegregation profile of steel ingots, containing a negative segregation in the lower zone and a positive segregation in the upper zone, which is predominantly characterized by crystals sedimentation and fluid circulation was retrieved. Moreover, a three-phase model considering two different liquid phases, extended from the above-mentioned two-phase model, which enables to describe the morphology of dendritic solid crystals was implemented.

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by Yang Hua. / "August 1999." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / by Yang Hua.

Aluminum based alloys can be broadly classified into two groups: casting alloys and wrought alloys. Wrought Al-based alloys exhibit superior physical and mechanical properties compared to the conventional shaped casting alloys. The wrought alloys cannot be cast into near net shapes, because they develop hot tears or hot cracks during the solidification process. For this reason these alloys are cast into ingots and are subsequently brought to final shape by mechanical processes like rolling, extrusion, drawing and forging. Invariably these processes significantly increase the cost of the final part up to 50%, and have restrained the application of the wrought alloys in applications where the cost is not a major factor. The CDS (Controlled Diffusion Solidification) is a novel process that bypasses the intermediate steps by casting the wrought alloy directly into final shape, free of hot tears, and eliminating additional deformation steps. The CDS process follows a different route from conventional casting methods. In CDS, two liquid metals of predetermined composition and temperature are mixed producing a globular microstructure instead of a dendritic one. The nondendritic microstructure minimizes the hot- tearing tendency and makes the wrought alloys more suitable to casting operations. The underlying principles and mechanisms of the CDS process have been established through both experimental work and the development of a mathematical model. The operating window of the process has been defined, and guidelines are proposed to enable application of the CDS process to various alloy systems. The reduction of the hot-tearing tendency in Al wrought alloys was experimentally verified.

Aluminum-silicon alloys are an important class of commercial non-ferrous alloys having wide ranging applications in the automotive and aerospace industries. Typical aluminum-silicon alloys have two major microstructural components, namely primary aluminum and an aluminum-silicon eutectic. While nucleation and growth of the primary aluminum in the form of dendrites have been well understood, the understanding of the evolution of the Al-Si eutectic is still incomplete. The microstructural changes caused by the addition of strontium to these alloys is another important phenomenon that still puzzles the scientific community. In this thesis, an effort has been made to understand the evolution of the Al-Si eutectic in the presence and absence of strontium through two sets of experiments: (1) Quench experiments, and (2) sessile drop experiments. The quench experiments were designed to freeze the evolution of the eutectic after various time intervals along the eutectic plateau. The sessile drop experiments were designed to study the role of surface energy in the formation of the eutectic in the presence and absence of strontium. Both experiments were conducted on high purity alloys. Using observations from these experiments, possible mechanis(s) for the evolution of the Al-Si eutectic and the effects of strontium on modifying the eutectic morphology are proposed.

by Leung Kwok Kuen. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / by Leung Kwok Kuen.

p, li { white-space: pre-wrap; } Mushy layers are regions of intermixed liquid and solid which can arise during the solidification of binary alloys, generally consisting of dendritic solids with solute-rich liquid in the interstices. They occur due to an instability resulting from the buildup of rejected solute along the solidification front. Liquid ahead of the front becomes supercooled, so disturbances to the interface grow more rapidly than the interface itself. A simple experiment has a tank filled with a uniform solution at uniform temperature being placed upon a cold surface. Early on, a small solid layer forms at the bottom capped by a rapidly advancing mushy layer. Typical modeling efforts have made at least one of two assumptions, that the tank is of infinite depth or that the diffusion of solute is negligible. This dissertation investigates the finite-domain problem in the presence of solute diffusion, highlighting new interfacial dynamics and other behaviors that arise in this case.

Thèse doctorat : Sciences et Techniques du Déchet : Villeurbanne, INSA : 2003. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 193-203.