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This thesis presents a study of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) in hybrid metal-dielectric waveguides. The embedding of metal in nanostructured photonic components allows for manipulating and guiding light at the subwavelength scale. Such an extreme confinement enhances the nonlinear response of the dielectric medium, which is important for applications in optical processing of information, but is paid in terms of considerable ohmic loss in the metal. It is, however, possible to embed externally pumped active inclusions in the dielectric in order to compensate for the metal loss. A novel perturbative theory for Maxwell equations is introduced and applied to various nonlinear metal-dielectric structures, deriving the propagation equation for the optical field. The nonlinear dispersion law for amplified SPPs, filamentation and dissipative plasmon-soliton formation have been studied, revealing intrinsic core and tail instabilities that prevent solitons to propagate over long distances. Stable propagation of plasmon-solitons can be achieved in insulator-metal-insulator structures with active and passive interfaces. The active SPP is coupled with the passive SPP, which absorbs the perturbations destabilising the zero background of the soliton. Theoretical modelling of optical propagation in metal-dielectric stacks predicts a modified two-band structure, allowing for gap/discrete plasmon-soliton formation. Loss and nonlinear parameters in subwavelength nanowire waveguides are evaluated and compared to the results obtained by other research groups. In all calculations, particular attention is paid in considering boundary conditions accounting for loss and nonlinear corrections, which contribute to the propagation equation with a surface term that becomes significant in the subwavelength regime.

Baroclinic tides result from the interaction of barotropic tides with topography in stratified oceans. They play an important role in driving deep ocean mixing. In this research, investigations of the dynamics of baroclinic tides and internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the northern South China Sea (SCS) are conducted, mainly by means of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). Firstly, simulations of internal wave generation at the Luzon Strait (LS) are carried out. By conducting three-dimensional (3D), high-resolution experiments, it was found that the generated wave field features a multi-modal structure: large, pronounced ISWs of first mode (amplitude ~120 m) and second mode (amplitude ~120 m) were reproduced. The two north-south aligned ridges in the LS contribute together to the generation of the second mode ISWs, whereas the easternmost ridge of the two is responsible for the first mode ISWs. It was found that multiple generation mechanisms of internal waves could occur in this region, and overall it belongs to a mixed lee wave regime. A specific type of short internal waves arose during the 3D simulation. These ride on a second mode ISW with similar phase speed, trailing a first mode ISW. The short waves possess wavelengths of ~1.5 km and amplitudes of ~20 m, and only show up in the upper layer up to a depth of ~500 m. Scrutiny of the generation process showed that these short waves appear in two distinct regions and are produced due to two mechanisms, namely, the disintegration of an inclined baroclinic bore near the LS, and the overtaking of a second mode ISW in the deep water by a faster first mode ISW. Robust evidence has been sought from satellite imagery and by solving the theoretical Taylor-Goldstein Equation to verify their existence. The effects of superposition of multiple tidal harmonics (diurnal and semidiurnal) on the resultant ISW generation were investigated. It was first found that, by analyzing historical observational data, the occurrence of ISWs in the far-field always follow strong semidiurnal barotropic tidal peaks in the LS, regardless of whether it is the maximum for the diurnal or total tidal strength. However, modelling results of MITgcm and a linear internal tide generation model demonstrate that the diurnal tidal harmonics modulate the arrival time and amplitude of the propagating ISWs. Specifically, it leads to the emergence of the so-called A and B type ISWs and an alternation and transition between the two. Secondly, the shoaling process of ISWs in the northern SCS slope-shelf area is investigated. A series of two-dimensional (2D) experiments are set up to study the shoaling of a large-amplitude second mode concave ISW over a linear slope that resembles the SCS slope. Modelling results show that a strong transformation of the wave profile starts to take place when the wave is approaching the shelf break. A convex type wave is born at the trailing edge of the incident wave and gradually disintegrates into a group of ISWs due to the steepening of the rear wave profile. The frontal face of the wave gets flatter when travelling on the slope, but forms a steep structure right above the shelf break. However, this steep structure shows no tendency to evolve into an ISW: instead, it gets increasingly flat again while evolving on the shelf. The trailing convex wave packet travels faster and merges with the frontal concave wave. Finally, a wave packet with rank-ordered convex ISWs moves forward steadily on the shelf. Energy transfer to the ambient modes is evident, as both first mode and higher modes are clearly seen during and after the shoaling process. First mode ISW evolution is studied too by performing 3D, high-resolution experiments over the wide northern SCS slope and shelf area. It was found that the wave profiles change drastically near the shelf break and the Dongsha Atoll. In agreement with satellite imagery, the wavefront of the leading ISW becomes more spatially oblique with respect to its original orientation as it progresses westward due to the inclination of the slope in the topography. Wave disintegration is prominent in the shallow water zone, and wave polarity reverses near the turning point (at the 130 m isobath), which is consistent with the predictions of weakly nonlinear theory. A series of 2D experiments were set up to inspect the effects of rotation on the shoaling ISW. The results indicate that under the rotation, upon reaching the continental shelf, one shoaling ISW could disintegrate into one ISW packet and one secondary solibore that contains a number of rank-ordered waves with much shorter wavelength than an ISW. The secondary solibore is very pronounced in the northern portion of the northern SCS slope and shelf, but could hardly be discerned in the southern portion, which is consistent with the outcome of 3D simulations.

Reflection of an obliquely incident solitary wave at a vertical wall is studied experimentally in the laboratory wave tank. Precision measurements of water-surface variations are achieved with the aid of laser-induced fluorescent (LIF) technique and detailed temporal and spatial features of the Mach reflection are captured. During the development stage of the reflection process, the stem wave is formed with the wave crest perpendicular to the wall; this stem wave is not in the form of a Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) soliton but a forced wave, trailing by a continuously broadening depression wave. Evolution of stem-wave amplification is in good agreement with the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) theory. The asymptotic characteristics and behaviors are also in agreement with the theory of Miles (1977b) except those in the neighborhood of the transition between the Mach reflection and the regular reflection. The maximum fourfold amplification of the stem wave at the transition predicted by Miles is not realized in the laboratory environment: the maximum amplification measured in the laboratory is 2.92, which is however in excellent agreement with the numerical results of Tanaka (1993). The present laboratory study is the first to sensibly analyze validation of the theory; note that substantial discrepancies exist from previous (both numerical and laboratory) experimental studies. Agreement between experiments and theory can be partially attributed to the large-distance measurements that the precision laboratory apparatus is capable of. More important, to compare the laboratory results with theory, the corrected interaction parameter is derived from proper interpretation of the theory in consideration of the finite incident wave angle. Our laboratory data indicate that the maximum stem wave can reach higher than the maximum solitary wave height. The wave breaking along the wall results in the substantial increase in wave height and slope away from the wall. Extending the foregoing study on the reflection of a single solitary wave at a vertical wall, laboratory and numerical experiments are performed on two co-propagating obliquely incident solitary waves with different amplitudes that are reflected at the wall. The larger wave catches up with the smaller wave; hence the two waves collide with the strong interaction. The resulting wave pattern near the wall is complex due to the interaction among the two incident solitons and the two reflected solitons. The numerical predictions of the KP theory are in good agreement with the experimental results. Another comparison of the KP theory with laboratory experiments is demonstrated for one of the exact soliton solutions of the KP equation by Chakravarty and Kodama (2009). This solution is called the T-type solution by Kodama. The theoretically predicted formation of the 'box'-shape wave pattern in the vicinity of two-soliton intersection is realized in the laboratory tank. The agreement between the laboratory observation and the KP theory is found better for the cases with the larger wave amplitude a and smaller oblique angle ψ (i.e. tan ψ/(√3a cos ψ) < 0.6). Subtle and unavoidable differences among the analytical KP solution, the setup of numerical calculation, and the laboratory condition are discussed. / Graduation date: 2013

As a solitary wave is usually used to characterize the behavior of a tsunami, a hydraulic experiment is set up for a detailed study of the associated celerity and particle trajectory. The size of the water tank of this experiment in this paper is 21m long, 0.5m width and 0.7m deep. Wave maker method used by Goring (1978) for simulating Solitary Waves is applied in the experiment of particle trajectories and mass transport. We also extend the particle trajectories theory to higher order that contains the non-linear terms. The method presented in this paper fixes the position of the camera, and the grid-point board is located in the center of the water tank, so that the particle and the two-dimensional grid surface coincide. Then, we analyze the particle trajectories within the grid with image processing techniques. This method not only save time of coordinate calibration, but also get a more accurate measurement. The water particle used in this paper has 1mm diameter, because it is difficult to locate the exact position of a large particle. Because of the small size in this experiment, we can get better results and the error is reduced. To compare with the experiment, the third-order Eulerian solution of Feton(1972) is transferred to the Lagrangian system in the present study to get the particle velocity. Then an integral with respect to time is used to obtain the trajectory. The accuracy of the theory is good, especially in the regime of small amplitude. For large wave amplitude in terms of the water depth, a higher order solution is suggested for the future study.

¡@¡@The research on collection or reflection of solitary waves mainly focus on numerical model and theoretical analytics, there are few study on experiment. due to the process on reaction of solitary waves are very short in times, and the waveform is also hardly to measure quantifiable. ¡@¡@The method present in this paper that we setup a high speed camera at a fixed position, and a grid-point board is located in the water tank and out of the tank after pictured, then we capture the process on reflection of solitary wave at a wall by high speed camera, so that the waveform and the grid surface coincide. finally, we analyze the waveform within the grid by using image techniques. ¡@¡@The results of this paper that present several important parameters in several relative wave height, such as maximal run-up, residual time, phase shift..et.al. the other hand, this paper compare the result of experiment with available evidences likes numerical model and theoretical analytics that found to be in quantitative agreement. ¡@¡@In addition, this paper also present the result of experiment that could compare with the new phenomenon "residual falling jet¡¨, it`s published by Chambarel.et.al (2009) numerical model.

Due to advances in technology and sophistication of many efficient algorithms, accurate numerical results can be achieved by using highly efficient computational software for research in wave action on coastal and harbor structures. These advances have benefitted the research in the physical phenomena of internal wave generation, propagation and breaking, which are some of the important topics in oceanography. In this study, the Flow-3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software is used to simulate internal solitary wave motion in a density stratified fluid, in which the upper and lower layers are fresh and brine water, respectively. An internal solitary wave (ISW) is produced numerically by gravitational collapse mechanism in a numerical wave flume of 0.7 x 0.5 x 12.0 m (height x width x length ). The ISW in depression is then allow to propagate and across four different bottom obstacles (long uniform slope, trapezoidal section with short platform and isosceles triangle), in order to explore its waveform evolution and flow field distribution. This study also describes the setting and operation of the Flow-3D software, its application to the internal wave experiment, as well as verification of the numerically simulated results using previous laboratory experimental data. In this study, the lifting speed for the sluice gate was vital for not only the amplitude of an ISW, but also the speed of wave propagation in the flume. The result showed that the faster the gate opening, the faster propagation speeds and larger amplitude for the ISW so generated. Conversely, a slower gate opening led to weak wave speed and small amplitude to an ISW. Upon analyzing the results, we have found that the relationship between the speed of the gate opening and the wave propagation speed are not linear. Moreover, preliminary analysis and discussion are given for the ISW propagation over an obstacle (uniform long slope, trapezoidal section with short platform, and isosceles triangle), particularly on waveform evolution, vortex motions and flow field variations. It is believed that we can gain a better and thorough understanding of the internal wave characteristics, compared to physical laboratory experiments, if the numerical tool is applied with very fine grids and detailed analysis on the numerical outputs.

No description available.

The generation and evolution of internal solitary waves by intrusive gravity currents and river plumes are examined in an axisymmetric geometry by way of theory, experiments and numerical simulations. Full depth lock-release experiments and simulations demonstrate that vertically symmetric intrusions propagating into a two-layer fluid with an interface of finite thickness can launch a mode-2 double humped solitary wave. The wave then surrounds the intrusion head and carries it outwards at a constant speed. The properties of the wave's speed and shape are shown to agree well with a Korteweg-de Vries theory that is derived heuristically on the basis of energy conservation. The numerical code is also adapted to oceanographic scales in an attempt to simulate the interaction between the ocean and a river plume emanating from the mouth of the Columbia River. Despite several approximations, the fundamental dynamics of the wave generation process are captured by the model.

Submitted by HERBERT ANTONIO BIAZOTTI (biazotti@gmail.com) on 2018-10-14T02:15:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Herbert Antonio Biazotti final.pdf: 1521042 bytes, checksum: 515112dfe90c1ccb1ed085960211c14a (MD5) / Rejected by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo  As palavras-chave e keyword devem ser separadas entre si por ponto final e também finalizadas por ponto. (favor ver exemplo no template ou diretrizes)  Qualquer que seja o tipo de ilustração (figuras, desenhos, gráficos, diagramas, fluxogramas, fotografias, mapa, planta, quadro, imagem entre outros) sua identificação (título) aparece na parte superior com letra tamanho 12; o Na parte inferior, Tamanho da letra 10, indicar a fonte consultada (elemento obrigatório, mesmo que seja produção do próprio autor esta regra serve também para as tabelas), notas e outras informações necessárias à sua compreensão  Devem conter a fonte mesmo que elaborada pelo autor. o Ex: Fonte: Autor Fonte: Autoria própria o (favor ver exemplo no template ou diretrizes)  As fontes das ilustrações, tabelas e quadros não podem ser links . A referência deve ser informada ao final, seguindo os padrões da ABNT. Para indicar a fonte, deve ser colocada a autoria e o ano entre parênteses. Ex.: Martins (2010). Sobre as referências 1 VACHASPATI, T. "Kinks and Domain Walls". New York: [s.n.], 2006. (remover aspas) 2 RAJARAMAN, R. "Solitons and Instantons". North-Holland, Amsterdam: [s.n.], 1989. (remover aspas) Rever paginação de alguns periódicos, pois não há traço indicando o intervalo de páginas Mais informações acesse o link: http://www2.feg.unesp.br/Home/Biblioteca21/diretrizes-2016.pdf Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-10-15T14:56:30Z (GMT) / Submitted by HERBERT ANTONIO BIAZOTTI (biazotti@gmail.com) on 2018-10-16T05:43:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Herbert Antonio Biazotti.pdf: 1523685 bytes, checksum: 0170fcc999d5569a23643063df78c433 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br) on 2018-10-16T17:52:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 biazotti_ha_me_guara.pdf: 1523685 bytes, checksum: 0170fcc999d5569a23643063df78c433 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T17:52:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 biazotti_ha_me_guara.pdf: 1523685 bytes, checksum: 0170fcc999d5569a23643063df78c433 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Certos sistemas físicos podem ser descritos por uma classe de equações não-lineares. Essas equações descrevem pacotes de onda chamado de sólitons que tem aplicações em diversas áreas, por exemplo, Óptica, Cosmologia, Matéria Condensada e Física de Partículas. Alguns métodos foram desenvolvidos ao longo dos anos para encontrar as soluções dessas equações. Buscaremos essas soluções usando o que chamamos de Método Iterativo de Taylor (MIT), que fornece uma solução aproximada em polinômio de Taylor de forma distinta do que se tem na literatura. Usaremos o MIT para calcular soluções por aproximantes de Padé que são razões entre dois polinômios e fornecem soluções melhores que o polinômio de Taylor que o gerou. Inicialmente resolveremos a equação de um modelo de um campo denominado λφ4 . Em seguida resolveremos um modelo com dois campos escalares acoplados e encontraremos uma solução analítica aproximada em casos onde não existe solução analítica, explorando a diversidade das soluções do modelo. Usando essa abordagem por aproximantes de Padé veremos que há algumas vantagens em relação a outros métodos. / Certain physical systems can be described by a class of non-linear differential equations. Those equations describe wave packets called solitons which have applications in several areas, for example, Optics, Cosmology, Condensed Matter, and Particle Physics. Some methods have been developed over the years to find solutions to these equations. We will look for those solutions using what we call the Taylor Iterative Method (TIM), which provides an approximate solution in terms of a Taylor’s polynomial in a unusual way, regarding the present literature. We will use TIM to calculate solutions by Padé approximants, which are ratios between two polynomials and provide better solutions than the Taylor polynomial itself. We first solve the field equation of a model called λφ4. Then we will solve a model with two coupled scalar fields and find an approximate analytic solution in cases where there is no known analytical solution, exploring the diversity of the solutions of the model. We will see that there are some advantages in using the Padè approximants as compared to other methods / 1586040