Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Nesta dissertação é apresentado um estudo sobre a recuperação de sinais modelados por somas ponderadas de exponenciais complexas. Para tal, são introduzidos conceitos elementares em teoria de sinais e sistemas, em particular, os sistemas lineares invariantes no tempo, SLITs, que podem ser representados matematicamente por equações diferenciais, ou equações de diferenças, para sinais analógicos ou digitais, respectivamente. Equações deste tipo apresentam como solução somas ponderadas de exponenciais complexas, e assim fica estabelecida a relação entre os sistemas de tipo SLIT e o modelo em estudo. Além disso, são apresentadas duas combinações de métodos utilizadas na recuperação dos parâmetros dos sinais: métodos de Prony e mínimos quadrados, e métodos de Kung e mínimos quadrados, onde os métodos de Prony e Kung recuperam os expoentes das exponenciais e o método dos mínimos quadrados recupera os coeficientes lineares do modelo. Finalmente, são realizadas cinco simulações de recuperação de sinais, sendo a última, uma aplicação na área de modelos de qualidade de água. / A study on the recovery of signals modeled by weighted sums of complex exponentials complex is presented. For this, basic concepts of signals and systems theory are introduced. In particular, the linear time invariant systems (LTI Systems) are considered, which can be mathematically represented by differential equations or difference equations, respectively, for analog or digital signals. The solution of these types of equations is given by a weighted sum of complex exponentials, so the relationship between the LTI Systems and the model of study is established. Furthermore, two combinations of methods are used to recover the parameters of the signals: Prony and least squares methods, and Kung and least squares methods, where Prony and Kung methods are used to recover the exponents of the exponentials and the least square method is used to recover the linear coefficients of the model. Finally, five simulations are performed for the recovery of signals, the last one being an application in the area of water quality models.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Nesta dissertação é apresentado um estudo sobre a recuperação de sinais modelados por somas ponderadas de exponenciais complexas. Para tal, são introduzidos conceitos elementares em teoria de sinais e sistemas, em particular, os sistemas lineares invariantes no tempo, SLITs, que podem ser representados matematicamente por equações diferenciais, ou equações de diferenças, para sinais analógicos ou digitais, respectivamente. Equações deste tipo apresentam como solução somas ponderadas de exponenciais complexas, e assim fica estabelecida a relação entre os sistemas de tipo SLIT e o modelo em estudo. Além disso, são apresentadas duas combinações de métodos utilizadas na recuperação dos parâmetros dos sinais: métodos de Prony e mínimos quadrados, e métodos de Kung e mínimos quadrados, onde os métodos de Prony e Kung recuperam os expoentes das exponenciais e o método dos mínimos quadrados recupera os coeficientes lineares do modelo. Finalmente, são realizadas cinco simulações de recuperação de sinais, sendo a última, uma aplicação na área de modelos de qualidade de água. / A study on the recovery of signals modeled by weighted sums of complex exponentials complex is presented. For this, basic concepts of signals and systems theory are introduced. In particular, the linear time invariant systems (LTI Systems) are considered, which can be mathematically represented by differential equations or difference equations, respectively, for analog or digital signals. The solution of these types of equations is given by a weighted sum of complex exponentials, so the relationship between the LTI Systems and the model of study is established. Furthermore, two combinations of methods are used to recover the parameters of the signals: Prony and least squares methods, and Kung and least squares methods, where Prony and Kung methods are used to recover the exponents of the exponentials and the least square method is used to recover the linear coefficients of the model. Finally, five simulations are performed for the recovery of signals, the last one being an application in the area of water quality models.

Signalverarbeitung im Nervensystem hängt sowohl von der Netzwerkstruktur, als auch den zellulären Eigenschaften der Nervenzellen ab. In dieser Abhandlung werden zwei zelluläre Eigenschaften im Hinblick auf ihre funktionellen Anpassungsmöglichkeiten untersucht: Es wird gezeigt, dass neuronale Morphologie die Signalweiterleitung unter Berücksichtigung energetischer Beschränkungen verstärken kann, und dass selbst kleine Änderungen in biophysikalischen Parametern die Aktivierungsbifurkation in Nervenzellen, und damit deren Informationskodierung, wechseln können. Im ersten Teil dieser Abhandlung wird, unter Verwendung von mathematischen Modellen und Daten, die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass Energie-effiziente Signalweiterleitung als starker Evolutionsdruck für unterschiedliche Zellkörperlagen bei Nervenzellen wirkt. Um Energie zu sparen, kann die Signalweiterleitung vom Dendrit zum Axon verstärkt werden, indem relativ kleine Zellkörper zwischen Dendrit und Axon eingebaut werden, während relativ große Zellkörper besser ausgelagert werden. Im zweiten Teil wird gezeigt, dass biophysikalische Parameter, wie Temperatur, Membranwiderstand oder Kapazität, den Feuermechanismus des Neurons ändern, und damit gleichfalls Aktionspotential-basierte Informationsverarbeitung. Diese Arbeit identifiziert die sogenannte "saddle-node-loop" (Sattel-Knoten-Schlaufe) Bifurkation als den Übergang, der besonders drastische funktionale Auswirkungen hat. Neben der Änderung neuronaler Filtereigenschaften sowie der Ankopplung an Stimuli, führt die "saddle-node-loop" Bifurkation zu einer Erhöhung der Netzwerk-Synchronisation, was möglicherweise für das Auslösen von Anfällen durch Temperatur, wie bei Fieberkrämpfen, interessant sein könnte. / Signal processing in nervous systems is shaped by the connectome as well as the cellular properties of nerve cells. In this thesis, two cellular properties are investigated with respect to the functional adaptations they provide: It is shown that neuronal morphology can improve signal transmission under energetic constraints, and that even small changes in biophysical parameters can switch spike generation, and thus information encoding. In the first project of the thesis, mathematical modeling and data are deployed to suggest energy-efficient signaling as a major evolutionary pressure behind morphological adaptations of cell body location: In order to save energy, the electrical signal transmission from dendrite to axon can be enhanced if a relatively small cell body is located between dendrite and axon, while a relatively large cell body should be externalized. In the second project, it is shown that biophysical parameters, such as temperature, membrane leak or capacitance, can transform neuronal excitability (i.e., the spike onset bifurcation) and, with that, spike-based information processing. This thesis identifies the so-called saddle-node-loop bifurcation as the transition with particularly drastic functional implications. Besides altering neuronal filters and stimulus locking, the saddle-node-loop bifurcation leads to an increase in network synchronization, which may potentially be relevant for the initiation of seizures in response to increased temperature, such as during fever cramps.