The Master thesis dealt with changes in cytoplasmatic membrane of model strain Streptomyces nodosus subsp. asukaensis. This strain produces polyketide antibiotic called asukamycin. Changes of cytoplasmatic membrane were observed as a response to the age of bacterial culture (exponential and stationary growth phase) and addition of produced antibiotic precursor (cyclohexanecarboxylic acid) to incubation medium. Observed parametres were the composition of membrane fatty acids and the membrane fluidity.

O trabalho apresenta uma proposta metodológica para caracterização de aptidões e restrições do meio físico, considerando a variação contínua dos atributos e também a existência de gradação nos contatos entre as unidades. Os mapas do substrato rochoso e dos materiais inconsolidados foram obtidos utilizando-se de procedimentos da lógica fuzzy para representação da gradação nos contatos. As cartas de declividade, de menor extensão do percurso da água superficial, de potencial de escoamento superficial, de susceptibilidade à erosão e de potencial agrícola foram obtidas utilizando-se mapas numéricos e a variação contínua dos atributos. Para realização das operações de geoprocessamento foram utilizados o sistema de informação geográfica SPRING e a linguagem de programação LEGAL, que permitiram, tanto a representação dos contatos gradacionais (fuzzy) quanto a classificação contínua e o cruzamento das informações. Para avaliação de alterações introduzidas no meio, foi proposta a aplicação do atributo resistência à penetração do solo como geoindicador ambiental. As medidas de resistência à penetração foram feitas utilizando-se um novo equipamento, que consiste de um penetrômetro de solo acoplado a uma sonda TDR. Este procedimento permitiu a caracterização de modificações das condições naturais de compactação dos solos da bacia, frente às atividades de uso do terreno vigentes, bem como forneceu um parâmetro para comparação frente a modificações de uso futuras. O zoneamento da área foi obtido a partir da adoção das unidades de lanforms como unidades de compartimentação, o que possibilitou a caracterização das aptidões, restrições e conflitos de uso / This study presents a methodological technique to characterize environmental restrictions and aptitudes considering continuous variation in the attributes and gradation in contato between units. Fuzzy logic procedures were used to generate representation of contact gradation for rocky substratum and unconsolidated materials maps. Continuous attribute variation and numerical maps were used to produce slope least water runoff distance, runoff potential, erosion susceptibility and agricultural potential charts. Geoprocessing operations using the SPRING geographical information system and its LEGAL programming language permitted the representation of gradation in contac (fuzzy), continuous classification nad information crossing. Soil penetration resistance was proposed as the environmental geondicator to evaluate environmental changes. Measurement of soil penetration resistance by a soil penetrometer connected to a TDR proble permitted the characterization and specification of natural basin soil compaction conditions and the comparison of different occupation activities on the soil. A parameter for future changes due to soil occupation was therefore identified by this procedure. Area zoning was attained by the adoption of landform units as segmentation units. The characterization of aptitudes, restrictions and conflicts in occupation were achived by this procedure

As pastagens ocupam a maior parte da área agrícola e contribuem com a segunda e a quinta atividades que compõem o PIB agropecuário brasileiro, a carne e o leite. A crescente utilização da irrigação de pastagens surgiu primordialmente em áreas leiteiras, juntamente com processos que aprimoram a produção, e posteriormente espalhou-se por áreas de gado de corte. Assim surge a necessidade de um manejo adequado da irrigação de pastagens, e é fundamental conhecer sua evapotranspiração, seus limites produtivos e suas caracteristicas nesse processo de intensificação. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o consumo de água, os valores do coeficiente de cultura (Kc) e os parâmetros produtivos e biométricos de duas gramíneas tropicais (Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e Cynodon spp.), em cultivos exclusivos e consorciados em sobressemeadura com aveia preta e azevém. Como objetivos secundários, buscou-se: (i) medir os parâmetros biométricos de altura do dossel forrageiro (ADF) e indice de area foliar (IAF) entre os ciclos identificando o melhor período de corte, (ii) estimar o acúmulo médio de graus dias de desenvolvimento (GDD) nas diferentes estações do ano correlacionando com o crescimento das forrageiras, (iii) estimar o consumo de água das plantas com a sonda FDR Diviner 2000® e correlacionar seus dados com o consumo de água medido em lisímetros de pesagem. O estudo foi realizado na Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\" (ESALQ/USP) em Piracicaba-SP (Latitude 22°42\'14\"S; Longitude 47°37\'24\"O; Altitude de 569 m). Os experimentos foram conduzidos de março de 2015 a fevereiro de 2017, com delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com 4 tratamentos: 1- capim Mombaça em cultivo exclusivo, 2- capim Mombaça em cultivo sobressemeado com aveia e azevém, 3 - Cynodon spp em cultivo exclusivo; 4 - Cynodon spp em cultivo sobressemeado com aveia e azevém. Foram utilizados a aveia preta (Avena strigosa) cv. Embrapa 29 (Garoa) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum) cv. Fepagro São Gabriel. As calibrações dos métodos de lisimetria e da sonda FDR (Diviner 2000®) apresentaram bons ajustes, com altos coeficientes de correlação. Os resultados de consumo de água pelas gramíneas mostraram uma grande variação por período e dentro dos ciclos com grandes consumos de água, obtendo vários valores de Kc maiores que 1. Foram obtidas boas correlações entre crescimento, IAF e acúmulo de graus dias (GDD). Os valores acumulados de evapotranspiração de cultura (Kc) obtidos com o sensor FDR foram maiores que os medidos nos lisímetros. Os resultados detalhados encontram-se no desenvolvimento de cada capítulo deste trabalho. / Pastures represent the largest part of the agricultural area and contribute to the second and fifth activities that make up the Brazilian GPD, meat and milk. The increasing use of pasture irrigation primarily arose in dairy areas, along with processes that improve the production, and subsequently reache areas of beef cattle. Thus, there is a need for an adequate irrigation management, and it is fundamental to know the crop evapotranspiration of pastures, their productive limits and their characteristics in this intensification process. Therefore, this work aimed to determine the crop water consumption, the values of crop coefficient (Kc), and the productive and biometric parameters of two tropical grasses (Panicum maximum cv. \'Mombasa\' and Cynodon spp.) single cropped and intercropped in oversseeding with black oats and ryegrass . As secondary goals, it sought: (i) measuring the biometric parameters of forage canopy height (ADF) and leaf area index (LAI) between the cycles, identifying the best cutting period; (ii) estimating the mean accumulation of degree-days of development (GDD) in the different seasons, correlating them with forage growth; (iii) estimating the crop water consumption with the FDR probe Diviner 2000® and correlating its data with the crop water consumption measured on weighing lysimeters. The study was carried out at the \"Luiz de Queiroz\" College of Agriculture (ESALQ/USP), at Piracicaba, SP (Latitude 22°42\'14\"S; Longitude 47°37\'24\"W; Altitude de 569 m a.s.l.). The experiments were conducted from March 2015 to February 2017, with a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments: 1 - single cropped \'Mombasa guinea grass ; 2- \'Mombasa\' guinea grass intercropped with oats and ryegrass; 3 - single cropped Cynodon spp.; 4 - Cynodon spp. intercropped with oats and ryegrass. The winter forages were black oats (Avena strigosa) cv. Embrapa 29 (Garoa) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cv. Fepagro São Gabriel. The calibrations of the lysimeters and the FDR probe had good adjustments, with high correlation coefficients. The results obtained of crop water consumption by the grasses showed a great variation by period and inside the growing cycles with great water consumption, often obtaining Kc values above 1. Good correlations were obtained between crop growth, LAI and degrees-days accumulation (GDD). The accumulated values of crop coefficient (Kc) were higher with the FDR sensor than with the lysimeters. The detailed results can be found in the chapters of this work.

Nowadays, the traffic tomography represents an integral component in converged networks and systems for detecting their behavioral characteristics. The dissertation deals with research of its implementation with the use of evolutionary algorithms. The research was mainly focused on innovation and solving behavioral detection data flows in networks and network anomalies using tomography and evolutionary algorithms. Within the dissertation has been proposed a new algorithm, emerging from the basics of the statistical method survival analysis, combined with a genetics’ algorithm. The proposed algorithm was tested in a model of a self-created network probe using the Python programming language and Cisco laboratory network devices. Performed tests have shown the basic functionality of the proposed solution.

Cílem této magisterské práce je návrh a implementace síťové sondy pro sledování toků na 10GbE rozhraní. Text se zabývá přehledem GNU/Linux nástrojů využívaných ve vysokorychlostních sítích a principů jejich fungování. Dále pak je uveden návrh a implementace sondy využívající mechanismu zero-copy pro sledování provozu na 10GbE rozhraní. Aplikace využívá Expresní datové cesty (XDP) a jeho AF_XDP soketu pro zachycení provozu na rozhraní. Jako testovací platforma byla vybrána platforma NETX používaná na FIT VUT.

The task of this thesis is the design and construction of semi-automatic control and measuring station. The station is designed for testing the presence and measurement of the correct position of light guides and seals in the connector. Station contains a tool for testing the blinding of connectors. The design and construction of a semi-automatic control and measuring station is necessary using several types of sensors and sliding linear axes controlled by servo drives. The assignment of the thesis is solved in cooperation with the company Mechatronic Design & Solutions s.r.o. in Brno.

Master’s thesis deals with the design of monitoring of handling equipment. Measured quantities are the switched-on state of the forklift, the time of active use, monitoring of transported material, and the total traveled distance. For each quantity, several possible sensing methods are outlined followed by a summary of the pros and cons of each method, which served as the basis for selecting the most suitable sensor for sensing the required information. The theoretical part of the thesis outlines the proposals in terms of both theoretical aspects as well as the implementation of the sensors along with proposals for possible mounting on a forklift. The proposed application was built on top of the Workmonitor RKC2.0 development kit, which was first developed for injection molding machine monitoring equipment. The proposed solution further expands the Workmonitor RKC2.0 software with additional features, such as forklift data collection, data processing, and streaming of collected data via WiFi to a local server. The final part then describes the mounting of sensors in the forklift, the final software changes, and the presentation of the collected data.

Tesis por compendio / [EN] The selective and sensitive detection of single nucleotide variations is essential for early diagnosis, individualized therapy, and disease prognosis. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the pressing need to develop reliable, rapid and simple detection methods for mass diagnosis. Likewise, there is a growing demand for genomic biosensors that are selective, multi-analyte and low-cost and allow the detection and identification of certain oncological biomarkers. This doctoral thesis has focused on the development of integrated systems of isothermal amplification, selective hybridization and optical biosensing for detection of point mutations in the PIK3CA, KRAS and BRAF genes associated with colorectal cancer. These predictive biomarkers are related to increased cell proliferation, apoptosis, and resistance to monoclonal antibody treatments (Cetuximab and Panitumumab). Isothermal DNA amplification methods have been explored, as they are particularly suitable for the development of a new generation of diagnostic devices aimed at supporting precision medicine. Specifically, isothermal amplification by recombinase-polymerase (RPA) has been selected as an alternative to detection methods that require unique infrastructures. In addition, its integration with bioanalytical platforms has been investigated, which represents a great advance for the simplification of biorecognition processes and their optical detection. This methodology has presented advantages over other DNA detection systems, in terms of portability and equipment, as well as reduction of test times and the possibility of performing diagnostic tests outside the laboratory. This doctoral thesis, framed in this context, is structured in 4 chapters: In chapter 1 a new variant of recombinase-polymerase amplification is presented, called RPA-blocked, based on the enrichment of minority alleles by introducing a blocking agent. In addition, this research has developed an analytical support consisting of a polycarbonate chip with covalently anchored allele-specific probes.The integration of the method has allowed the development of a portable system for the simultaneous genotyping of mutations in exons 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene. in cell lines and tumor tissues of cancer patients. In Chapter 2, the development of a genosensor that incorporates magnetic particles conjugated to allele-specific probes for the concentration and detection of the selective amplification product derived from RPA-blocked is described. With this genosensor, hybridization times and reaction volumes have been reduced. This approach has resulted in a portable and low-cost system for genotyping the KRAS gene applicable to solid tumor samples. Chapters 3 and 4 focus on the development of thermoplastic surfaces for the covalent anchoring of allele-specific probes mediated by dendrimeric molecules, with the aim of increasing the immobilization density. Thus, the covalent anchoring to activated polycarbonate and cycloolefin thermoplastic surfaces of allele-specific probes has been studied, mediated by carboxylic dendrimers through carbodiimide chemistry and by dendrons through the chemoselective reaction of the thiol-ino group. These multiplexed genosensors have allowed the genotyping of the V600 codon of the BRAF gene and the H1047 codon of the PIK3CA gene, in biopsied tissue samples. The research carried out in this thesis has given rise to new methodological contributions of interest based on obtaining integrated biosensor systems. These platforms will contribute to the development of massive diagnostic tools. / [ES] La detección selectiva y sensible de variaciones de nucleótido único es fundamental para el diagnóstico precoz, la terapia individualizada y el pronóstico de enfermedades. La pandemia SARS-CoV-2 ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad acuciante de desarrollar métodos de detección fiables, rápidos y sencillos para el diagnóstico masivo. Asimismo, existe una demanda creciente de biosensores genómicos que sean selectivos, multianalito y de bajo coste y permitan detectar e identificar ciertos biomarcadores oncológicos.La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el desarrollo de sistemas integrados de amplificación isoterma, hibridación selectiva y biosensado óptico para la detección de mutaciones puntuales en los genes PIK3CA, KRAS y BRAF asociadas al cáncer colorrectal. Estos biomarcadores predictivos se relacionan con un incremento de la proliferación celular, apoptosis y resistencia a tratamientos con anticuerpos monoclonales (Cetuximab y Panitumumab). En este contexto, se han explorado los métodos isotermos de amplificación de ADN, dado que son particularmente adecuados para el desarrollo de una nueva generación de dispositivos de diagnóstico dirigidos a apoyar la medicina de precisión. En concreto, se ha seleccionado la amplificación isoterma por recombinasa-polimerasa (RPA) como una alternativa a los métodos de detección que requieren de infraestructuras singulares. Además, se ha investigado su integración con plataformas bioanalíticas, lo que supone un gran avance para la simplificación de los procesos de biorreconocimiento y su detección óptica. Esta metodología ha presentado ventajas frente a otros sistemas de detección de ADN, en términos de portabilidad y equipos, así como reducción de tiempos de ensayo y la posibilidad de realizar las pruebas de diagnóstico fuera del laboratorio. La presente tesis doctoral, enmarcada en este contexto, se estructura en 4 capítulos: En el capítulo 1 se presenta una nueva variante de la amplificación por recombinasa-polimerasa, denominada RPA-bloqueada, basado en el enriquecimiento de alelos minoritarios mediante de la introducción de un agente bloqueante. Además, en esta investigación se ha desarrollado un soporte analítico formado por un chip de policarbonato con sondas alelo-específicas ancladas covalentemente.La integración del método ha permitido desarrollar un sistema portátil para el genotipado simultáneo de mutaciones en los exones 9 y 20 del gen PIK3CA en líneas celulares y en tejidos tumorales de pacientes oncológicos. En el capítulo 2, se describe el desarrollo de un genosensor que incorpora partículas magnéticas conjugadas a sondas alelo-específicas para la concentración y detección del producto de amplificación selectivo derivado de la RPA-bloqueada. Con este genosensor, se han reducido los tiempos de hibridación y los volúmenes de reacción. Esta aproximación se ha concretado en un sistema portátil y de bajo coste para el genotipado del gen KRAS aplicable a muestras de tumores sólidos. Los capítulos 3 y 4 se centran en el desarrollo de superficies termoplásticas para el anclaje covalente de sondas alelo-específicas mediado por moléculas dendriméricas, con el objetivo de incrementar la densidad de inmovilización. Así, se ha estudiado el anclaje covalente a superficies termoplásticas de policarbonato y cicloolefina activadas, de sondas alelo-específicas, mediado por dendrímeros carboxílicos mediante la química de la carbodiimida y por dendrones mediante la reacción quimioselectiva del grupo tiol-ino. Dichos genosensores multiplexados han permitido el genotipado del codón V600 del gen BRAF y el codón H1047 del gen PIK3CA, en muestras de tejido biopsiado. Las investigaciones desarrolladas en la presente tesis han dado lugar a nuevas aportaciones metodológicas de interés basadas en la obtención de sistemas biosensores integrados. Estas plataformas, contribuirán al desarrollo de herramientas de diag / [CAT] La detecció selectiva i sensible de variacions de nucleòtid únic és fonamental per al diagnòstic precoç, la teràpia individualitzada i el pronòstic de malalties. La pandèmia SARS-CoV-2 ha posat de manifest la necessitat apressant de desenvolupar mètodes de detecció fiables, ràpids i senzills per al diagnòstic massiu. Així mateix, existeix una demanda creixent de biosensors genòmics que siguen selectius, multianàlit i de baix cost i permeten detectar i identificar uns certs biomarcadors oncológics. La present tesi doctoral s'ha centrat en el desenvolupament de sistemes integrats d'amplificació isoterma, hibridació selectiva i biosensat òptic per a la detecció de mutacions puntuals en els gens PIK3CA, KRAS i BRAF associades al càncer colorectal. Aquests biomarcadors predictius es relacionen amb un increment de la proliferació cel·lular, apoptosi i resistència a tractaments amb anticossos monoclonals (Cetuximab i Panitumumab). S'han explorat els mètodes isoterms d'amplificació d'ADN, atés que són particularment adequats per al desenvolupament d'una nova generació de dispositius de diagnòstic dirigits a donar suport a la medicina de precisió. En concret, s'ha seleccionat l'amplificació isoterma per recombinasa-polimerasa (RPA) com una alternativa als mètodes de detecció que requereixen d'infraestructures singulars. A més, s'ha investigat la seua integració amb plataformes bioanalítiques, la qual cosa suposa un gran avanç per a la simplificació dels processos de biorreconeiximent i la seua detecció òptica. Aquesta metodologia ha presentat avantatges enfront d'altres sistemes de detecció d'ADN, en termes de portabilitat i equips, així com reducció de temps d'assaig i la possibilitat de realitzar les proves de diagnòstic fora del laboratori. La present tesi doctoral, emmarcada en aquest context, s'estructura en 4 capítols: En el capítol 1 es presenta una nova variant de l'amplificació per recombinasa-polimerasa, denominada RPA-bloquejada, basat en l'enriquiment d'al·lels minoritaris mitjançant de la introducció d'un agent bloquejant. A més, en aquesta investigació s'ha desenvolupat un suport analític format per un xip de policarbonat amb sondes al·lel-específiques ancorades covalentemente.la integració del mètode ha permés desenvolupar un sistema portàtil per al genotipat simultani de mutacions en els exons 9 i 20 del gen PIK3CA en línies cel·lulars i en teixits tumorals de pacients oncològics. En el capítol 2, es descriu el desenvolupament d'un genosensor que incorpora partícules magnètiques conjugades a sondes al·lel-específiques per a la concentració i detecció del producte d'amplificació selectiu derivat de la RPA-bloquejada. Amb aquest genosensor, s'han reduït els temps d'hibridació i els volums de reacció. Aquesta aproximació s'ha concretat en un sistema portàtil i de baix cost per al genotipat del gen KRAS aplicable a mostres de tumors sòlids. Els capítols 3 i 4 se centren en el desenvolupament de superfícies termoplàstiques per a l'ancoratge covalent de sondes al·lel-específiques mediat per molècules dendrimériques, amb l'objectiu d'incrementar la densitat d'immobilització. Així, s'ha estudiat l'ancoratge covalent a superfícies termoplàstiques de policarbonat i cicloolefina activades, de sondes al·lel-específiques, mediat per dendrimers carboxílics mitjançant la química de la carbodiimida i per dendrones mitjançant la reacció quimioselectiva del grup tiol-ino. Dits genosensors multiplexats han permés el genotipat del codó V600 del gen BRAF i el codó H1047 del gen PIK3CA, en mostres de teixit biopsiat Les investigacions desenvolupades en la present tesi han donat lloc a noves aportacions metodològiques d'interés basades en l'obtenció de sistemes biosensors integrats. Aquestes plataformes, contribuiran al desenvolupament d'eines de diagnòstic massiu. / Martorell Tejedor, S. (2021). Desarrollo de métodos integrados para la determinación de biomarcadores genéticos [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/176006 / TESIS / Compendio

This thesis deals with electronic focusing of ultrasonic probes. There is theoretically described, what is the electronic focusing. Further, there are calculations that are used to achieve focusing. These calculations are then implemented into the algorithm that was developed in Matlab. The paper also contains the simulation conducted using the proposed algorithm and the GUI. These simulations are then compared with characteristics measured on a real ultrasound probe.

This diploma theisis deals with the theoretical analysis of the known types of current sensors, including for example, current transformers, shunts, and advanced sensors using Hall sensor or Rogowski coil. Subsequently, the rest of the work deals with the issue of current transducers with Hall sensors, without using a ferromagnetic circuit. For optimal currnet measure and overall precision, several possible options are designed and calculated. This includes number of sensing elements and distribution of sensors around the wires. Based on calaculation of magnetic intensity, related 3D charts ale plotted unsing Excel software. These charts illustrate the theoretical calculations of field distribution around conductors for various number of sensor. In the last part, components ale designed for practical implementation and scheme of electrical wiring. According to this scheme there is PCB designed as well. Whole current meter ir practically build and its results are compared with theoretical assumtions that are discussed in conclusion part of this theisis.