Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:45:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Divanita Candida da Silva Dias.pdf: 2616647 bytes, checksum: b3faeb9904236db9a2a998aaea5e93a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-15 / The Planet has faced several transformations; the accumulation of solid waste became a problem that requires urgent solutions. Using the right techniques facilitates the problem which should promote the improvement of life on Earth. And this is the big challenge for everyone. The proper management of these wastes is a way to mitigate the impacts on the nature. This research aims to propose the construction of a plant screening of Solid Urban Waste in the city of Piracanjuba. There have been several visits to the landfill in the municipality which aim understanding the characteristics and quantity of the produced waste. Through these field visits it was possible to assess and note the poorness of the site which requires a better management of waste because the place has serious damage. There are people working at the landfill without proper protection, medical waste are not getting the necessary care in the final disposal , waste from civil construction and tree pruning are also prepared incorrectly. The services of compaction haven t been routinely performed and waste accumulates quite disorganized causing the embankment to assume the characteristics of an open-air dumps. It was also observed that the entrance off the landfill there is not security service restricting access to people and pets. It is obvious the necessity to propose viable solutions that will solve the problems arising from poor management of municipal solid waste. So the combination of a proper management of waste and promoting public policies that ensure quality of life and improve environmental conditions is certainly the attitude required to have a sustainable development. / O planeta vem sofrendo diversas transformações, o acúmulo de resíduos sólidos tornou-se um problema que necessita de soluções imediatas. O uso de técnicas corretas que amenize o problema deve promover a melhoria das condições de vida na Terra. E este é o grande desafio para todos! O gerenciamento adequado desses resíduos é uma forma de mitigar os impactos na natureza. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é propor a construção de uma Usina Triagem de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos do município de Piracanjuba. Foram feitas diversas visitas ao aterro sanitário do município objetivando conhecer as características e a quantidade dos resíduos produzidos. Através dessas visitas de campo pôde-se avaliar e notar a precariedade do local, que requer um manejo adequado dos resíduos, pois o lugar apresenta sérios comprometimentos. Existem pessoas trabalhando no aterro sem proteção adequada, os resíduos de saúde não estão recebendo os cuidados necessários na disposição final, os resíduos da construção civil e de poda de árvores também estão dispostos de forma incorreta. Os serviços de compactação não estão sendo executados rotineiramente e os resíduos se acumulam de forma bastante desorganizada fazendo com que o aterro assuma as características de um lixão a céu aberto. Também foi observado que na entrada do aterro não existe um serviço de segurança restringindo o acesso de pessoas e animais domésticos. Isso deixa obvio a necessidade de propor soluções viáveis que venha solucionar os problemas oriundos de uma má gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Então, a combinação entre gerenciamento adequado dos resíduos e a promoção de políticas públicas que garantam qualidade de vida e melhoria das condições ambientais é sem dúvida a atitude necessária à aquisição de um desenvolvimento sustentável.

Le secteur du tri des déchets est en pleine expansion. De par la nature de leurs activités, les centres de tri des déchets sont une source d’émission de bioaérosols dont l’exposition peut entrainer diverses troubles sur la santé des travailleurs. La composition des bioaérosols dans les centres de tri est peu documentée. Dans ce contexte, les objectifs de la thèse étaient de caractériser et de déployer dans un centre de tri (pour un suivi d’un an) une méthode d’analyse de la biodiversité microbienne dans les bioaérosols par séquençage à haut débit. Les travaux ont permis de connaitre les avantages et les limites de plusieurs méthodes d’analyse de la biodiversité et de mettre en lumière la nécessité de standardiser un processus de mesure dans le cadre d’études de comparaison. Le suivi de la biodiversité microbienne dans les bioaérosols émis en centre de tri a permis de mettre en évidence la grande complexité et la variabilité des taxons bactériens et fongiques à différents postes de l’entreprise. L’analyse statistique a mis en évidence le caractère multifactoriel de la variation et de la composition des bioaérosols émis en environnement professionnel. La quantité importante de données a permis d’améliorer les connaissances sur la composition des bioaérosols émis en centre de tri des déchets et sur la stratégie de prélèvement à adopter pour une évaluation du risque biologique représentative de l’entreprise / The waste sorting activities is constantly increasing. Due to the nature of their activities, waste sorting plants are a source of bioaerosol emissions whose exposure can lead to various health problems for workers. The composition of bioaerosols in sorting centers is poorly documented. In this context, the aims of the thesis were to characterize and deploy in a sorting center (for a follow- up of one year) a method of analysis of microbial biodiversity in bioaerosols using high throughput sequencing. The work provided information about the advantages and the limits of several methods of analysis of the biodiversity and highlighted the need to standardize a process of measurements for comparative studies. The monitoring of microbial biodiversity in bioaerosols emitted in a sorting plant revealed the high complexity and the variability of bacterial and fungal taxa at different places in the company. Statistical analysis highlighted the multifactorial nature of the variation and composition of bioaerosols emitted in this occupational environment. The large amount of collected data improved the knowledge on the composition of bioaerosols emitted in the waste sorting plant and the sampling strategy to be conducted for a representative biological risk assessment in the company